However, Sykes et al. (2008) considered that the above two types of VR were originally developed for commercial and business use. In contrast, an SIE emphasizes its educational objectives by carefully incorporating pedagogy into the immersive spaces. Regardless of the original purposes for which VLEs were designed, researchers in the computer-assisted language learning (CALL) field have tried to employ pedagogical principles and practices that are innovative and theoretically grounded to understand the pedagogical values of VLEs in language learning.