Nigel Lawson once called it “the closest thing the English people have to a religion”

Imagine a billboard where anyone can pay $1 to put up an ad for one minute, but if they want to do this multiple times the prices go up: $2 for the second minute, $3 for the third minute, etc. Note that you can pay to extend the lifetime of someone else's ad on the billboard, and this also costs you only $1 for the first minute, even if other people already paid to extend the ad's lifetime many times

If based on air permeability value, then (18) = [(17) ÷ 20]+(8), otherwise (18) = (16) (18)Air permeability value applies if a pressurisation test has been done, or a design or specified air permeability is being used

A 65 year old forest 1.6 metric tons per acre per year.

We always ask why we don’t see women in top leadership positions, but we never ask why we see so many men in these jobs. These positions often require long, stressful hours that may not be worth it if you want a balanced and fulfilling life.

Approximately 12 million hectares (46,000 sq miles) are lost around the world each year as a direct consequence of drought and desertification. That's the equivalent of 2,000 American football fields every hour. To put that into context, if those fields were lined up end to end, you would have to drive at 130 mph (210km/h) just to keep pace with desertification's spread. In the last 20 years, the UAE's loss of valuable land has been stark. According to the World Bank, the UAE had 75,000 hectares (290 sq miles) of arable land in 2002, but by 2018 had only 42,300 hectares (163 sq miles). The data also indicated that, in the same timeframe, the percentage of agricultural land in the UAE fell from 7.97% to 5.38%.

“Our entire democracy then rests on the moral choices and bravery of individuals within the company who come forward, or don’t. There is a really disturbing pattern emerging here.”

reproducibility crisis

one day one dies an idiot

Such a machine can only do two things: convince or break down.

Hypertext likes give and take, snares and grottos, nets and knots. It lacks thrust. It will always lack thrust;

Hierarchies break down into chains of likenesses

Mostly, people are not aware of the stances they adopt.

the authors here calibrated the RT-PCR assay so that SARS-CoV-2 genome copy number could be determined

are statistical in nature

P = .05 as a level determining statistical significance

rarely

factor of ignorance

Systems folks would say you change paradigms by modeling a system

system state called “room temperature”

From its very first appearance, it was well adapted to human cells. Researchers led by Alina Chan of the Broad Institute compared SARS2 with late stage SARS1, which by then was well adapted to human cells, and found that the two viruses were similarly well adapted. “By the time SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late 2019, it was already pre-adapted to human transmission to an extent similar to late epidemic SARS-CoV,

BSL-2 or BSL-3 laboratories

but seemed unlikely in the circumstances, he said.

preventing the SARS2 epidemic was zero

within four months

The wet market connection, the major point of similarity with the SARS1 and MERS epidemics, was soon broken: Chinese researchers found earlier cases in Wuhan with no link to the wet market. But that seemed not to matter when so much further evidence in support of natural emergence was expected shortly.

lay bare a spot of some twenty feet in diameter. Into one edge of this little area the trapper brought the females, directing Middleton and Paul to cover their light and inflammable dresses with the blankets of the party. So soon as this precaution was observed, the old man approached the opposite margin of the grass, which still environed them in a tall and dangerous circle, and selecting a handful of the driest of the herbage he placed it over the pan of his rifle. The light combustible kindled at the flash. Then he placed the little flame in a bed of the standing fog, and withdrawing from the spot to the centre of the ring, he patiently awaited the result. The subtle element seized with avidity upon its new fuel, and in a moment forked flames were gliding among the grass, as the tongues of ruminating animals are seen rolling among their food, apparently in quest of its sweetest portions.

Hansson’s response to this employee took aback many of the workers I spoke with. He dug through old chat logs to find a time when the employee in question participated in a discussion about a customer with a funny-sounding name. Hansson posted the message — visible to the entire company — and dismissed the substance of the employee’s complaint.

To him, it escalated employees’ emotions past the point of being productive. 

verbal churn

As you stir the coffee, the energy you inject into the system cascades down the spatial scales into smaller and smaller eddies, with the rate of the transfer of energy described by a universal exponential decay factor of −53 -\frac{5}{3}, which Kolmogorov deduced from the fluid’s dimensions. Kolmogorov’s “−53 -\frac{5}{3} law” always seemed mysterious, even as it served as a cornerstone of turbulence research

All too often, a doctor’s response to a patient with seemingly-incomprehensible symptoms is this, “Since I can’t find a typical reason for your symptoms, then you must not be physically sick at all. You are being dramatic. You are wasting my time, and you are wasting medical resources.”So. A better adage for medical schools might be, “When you hear hoofbeats and fail to find a horse -- suspect a zebra. Then refer that patient to a zebra doctor.”

In my frustration with my head bobbling and sinking downward, I one day spontaneously pulled up on my head, forcing it higher and centering it away from my shoulders. I immediately noticed that I began to breathe normally. When I let go of my head, it sank back down, and my breathing became difficult again. I repeated this maneuver, several times, to make sure the effect on my breathing was actually happening. Sure enough, my breathing responded the same way each time.

Despite my dramatic new symptoms, I did not want to seek medical attention. Aside from Dr. Kaufman, who was 2.5 hours away, no medical professional had ever understood that I was ill. I had actually faced outright hostility and ridicule from multiple doctors over the years. I am not alone in this. Nearly every patient with ME has shared similar stories on Phoenix Rising. There is an enormous, systemic problem.Reluctantly, I decided to go to the ER.In three trips to three different ERs for these new symptoms, I received three identical diagnoses: perfect health. The doctors noticed my elevated heart rate, but they dismissed that as being “just stress.”

and in some cases even accepting reduced returns

It's our food system that is unhealthy, and one result is overweight individuals.

I think Steve killed it because it just didn't fit in with his worldview

What I find strange is that even people versed in causal analysis are still referring to this warning as a good "advice" passed to us by the sages, Cox, Rosenbaum, Rubin, but not as a fact in the real world out there, fact that everyone can see, verify and prove mathematically, if needed.

The winner was libertarianism

The World Wide Web in the mid-nineties was a beautiful thing.Idealism and utopian dreams pervaded the industry. The prevailingview was that the internet and World Wide Web would make the worldmore democratic, more fair, and more free. One of the web’s bestfeatures was an architecture that inherently delivered net neutrality:every site was equal

Despite what people tell you, the technology world does notactually change that much. It follows relatively predictable patterns.Major waves of technology last at least a decade, so the importantthing is to recognize when an old cycle is ending and when a new oneis starting. As my partner John Powell likes to say, sometimes you cansee which body is tied to the railroad tracks before you can see who isdriving the train.

I am not certain when Facebook first applied persuasive technologyto its design, but I can imagine that the decision was not controversial.Advertisers and media companies had been using similar techniquesfor decades. Despite complaints about television from educators andpsychologists, few people objected strenuously to the persuasivetechniques employed by networks and advertisers.

PCR positive readings were reduced by 67% (CI: 49%, 78%) after a single dose, and 50% (CI: 38% to 59%) after the two dose regimen

Fox Business was forced to run a fact-checking segment debunking some of its own anchor’s assertions.

Lo ng term o u tcome

“HS2 modelling is shocking, biased and bonkers.” Margaret Hodge, Chair, Public Accounts Committee

Several new analyses are however consistent in reporting increased disease severityin people infected with VOC B.1.1.7 compared to people infected with non-VOC virusvariants.

PHIA probability yardstick –

"He's a British Pakistani Irish Muslim, and I think that definitely ticked enough boxes for them to have been overjoyed," Farah says. So it wasn't the end of the world that he wasn't Bengali.

○ Virology (2.0%)

There are ∼172,000 total CLIA-certified high-complexity laboratories in the United States.

Confirmatory Testing at CDC As of March 14, 2020, public health laboratories using the CDC assay are no longer required by FDA to submit samples to CDC for confirmation. CDC is maintaining surge capacity while focusing on other support to state public health and on improving options for diagnostics for use in the public health sector.

Specifically, for obesity, it has been shown that obese mothers tend to have obese children [67], it has been shown that clinical intervention to cause maternal weight loss can have a positive effect on reducing risk of obesity in the offspring [68]

The FDA will continue to communicate with the public as we have additional information to share. The FDA encourages stakeholders to report any adverse events or suspected adverse events experienced with molecular tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2. Voluntary reports can be submitted through MedWatch, the FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting program.

What I want to see more of is senior researchers listening more to ECRs, to their experiences, their problems, their requests. I want them to embrace empathy for those who haven’t won the game, or refuse to play it.

A researcher would have to have a serious foot-shooting fetish to point out the flaws in their own achievements. But this means that the ‘elite’ by default choose ignorance over empathy

It will rarely be success based on individual prowess or skill, but a process of a thousand small events with a thousand different players that were leveraged at the right time, with just the right amount of luck, that manifests itself as personal achievement and results in acquisition of power.

Of the 14 FDA-approved commercial HSV typing assays [5], information on the target gene(s) is available for eleven. Seven out of these eleven assays target at least one HSV gene that contains a described HSV-1 × HSV-2 recombination event

If the Democrats win, there’s not going to be another fair, legal election in this country. We won’t have a democracy.

2.2x10^10vp ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 boost

Bezos has no hope of ever visiting one of these colonies, which wouldn’t arise until long after his death, but that fact does nothing to diminish the intensity of his efforts

Mr. Scalona’s family was one of those that was never able to fully climb back from that first eviction; this winter, his parents are again facing eviction.

I won’t be lining up to get a COVID-19 vaccine

Journalist Lawrence Solomon has also written two excellent articles about measles: 1) Lawrence Solomon: The untold story of measles, and 2) Lawrence Solomon: Vaccines can’t prevent measles outbreaks.

Measles: The New Red Scare. (If you read it, you will be deeply disillusioned by the media hype—don’t say I didn’t warn you!)

A town newly planned on the most up-to-date principles of space and air, and adopting the “Leicester Method” of Sanitation, could bid defiance not to small-pox only, but to other infectious, if not to nearly all zymotic, diseases.”

vastly outweighed the impact of vaccination (where he saw dramatic vaccine injury and ineffectiveness).

always use http; never use https

its central role in the allocation of academic prestige trump the public interest

We agree, and call for the entire concept of statistical significance to be abandoned.

It wouldn’t be hard.

Look at a map of Britain, and you’ll see a pair of arms reaching out of north Wales to hug Ireland. Pwllheli, where Elin Hywel is a town councillor, is on the lower limb, the Llŷn Peninsula. It’s also where her party, Plaid Cymru, was founded.

There isn’t one. Why weren’t there such people between apes and human beings? Not just human beings, but other things as well. None of the evolved animals that he referred to had the transitional process.

After the farm worker learned ASL he still never fully understood why people went to church and what an illegal alien was. Understanding these things requires complex use of language

language is so intimately tied to consciousness that the two seem inseparable

Twitter claimed it was a routine effort to stop inauthentic and spam accounts

There is very little evidence on asymptomatic transmission. And testing asymptomatic people is likely to be of only marginal benefit

The story of Mermaids’ success is testament to the credulity of adults who should know better, and the vulnerability of the children they ought to protect.

Samples(n)True positiveFalsepositiveTrue negativeFalse negativeePlex SARS-CoV-2 Test2251012*1241**TheePlex SARS-CoV-2 testdemonstrated the following assay performance:Sensitivity 99.02% (94.66 –99.98%; 95% CI)Specificity 98.41% (94.38 –99.81%; 95% CI)

TCID50/mL

The evaluation sample panel totalled 230 specimens, including respiratory clinical specimens negative (n= 120) and positive (n=93) for SARS-CoV-2 as determined by the in-house PHE PCR assay.

IgG Target value ±25%. IgM Target value ±3 SD.

if reaction inhibition is a significant source of false negative results, a control material capable of detecting the inhibition.

At least once each day patient specimens are assayed or examined perform the following for - (i) Each quantitative procedure, include two control materials of different concentrations; (ii) Each qualitative procedure, include a negative and positive control material;

once every 6 months

randomised controlled trial – making it the highest quality scientific evidence.

This is a disadvantage for laboratories, whichmust make decisions and investments in reagents and in-struments without complete knowledge of test accuracy.

some degree of variation in the performance of theseassays

Senator Rand Paul introduced the Verified Innovative Testing in American Laboratories Act of 2020

The clinical laboratory community rapidly provided widely available H1N1 influenza molecular testing, facilitating a swift pandemic response.2Jernigan D.B. Lindstrom S.L. Johnson J.R. Miller J.D. Hoelscher M. Humes R. Shively R. Brammer L. Burke S.A. Villanueva J.M. Balish A. Uyeki T. Mustaquim D. Bishop A. Handsfield J.H. Astles R. Xu X. Klimov A.I. Cox N.J. Shaw M.W. Detecting 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection: availability of diagnostic testing led to rapid pandemic response.Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52: S36-S43Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar,  3Crawford J.M. Stallone R. Zhang F. Gerolimatos M. Korologos D.D. Sweetapple C. De Geronimo M. Dlugacz Y. Armellino D.M. Ginocchio C.C. Laboratory surge response to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak, New York City metropolitan area, USA.Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16: 8-13Crossref PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar,  4Meltzer M.I. McNeill K.M. Miller J.D. Laboratory surge capacity and pandemic influenza.Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16: 147-148Crossref PubMed Scopus (8) Google Scholar,  5van der Vries E. Jonges M. Herfst S. Maaskant J. Van der Linden A. Guldemeester J. Aron G.I. Bestebroer T.M. Koopmans M. Meijer A. Fouchier R.A.M. Osterhaus A.D.M.E. Boucher C.A. Schutten M. Evaluation of a rapid molecular algorithm for detection of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus and screening for a key oseltamivir resistance (H275Y) substitution in neuraminidase.J Clin Virol. 2010; 47: 34-37Crossref PubMed Scopus (67) Google Scholar,  6

AMP member peer-to-peer listserv communications have been robust as colleagues rapidly shared concerns, challenges, knowledge, experience, and solutions to support the clinical laboratory community's COVID-19 testing response

The EUA template also streamlined submission paperwork. A typical submission seeking full FDA approval for a test is about 1000 pages for laboratories and about 2000 pages for commercial manufacturers that distribute tests. The template reduced commercial manufacturers’ EUA submissions to 100 to 200 pages and laboratory submissions to about 40 pages, of which only about half were generated solely to meet FDA requirements, and most of those consisted of data rather than text.

Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") will not require premarket review of laboratory developed tests ("LDT") absent notice-and-comment rulemaking, as opposed to through guidance documents, compliance manuals, website statements, or other informal issuances

assure that samples mimic actual patient specimens when possible and that samples are homogeneous

White blood cell differential Target ±3SD based on the percentage of different types of white blood cells in the samples. Erythrocyte count Target ±6%. Hematocrit (Excluding spun hematocrits) Target ±6%. Hemoglobin Target ±7%. Leukocyte count Target ±15%. Platelet count Target ±25%.

820

640

(F) Testing results The Secretary shall establish a system to make the results of the proficiency testing programs subject to the standards established by the Secretary under subparagraph (A) available, on a reasonable basis, upon request of any person. The Secretary shall include with results made available under this subparagraph such explanatory information as may be appropriate to assist in the interpretation of such results.

GPS system malfunctions when the battery dies

This mainly happens because the signals will also be affected by the changes in the weather.

essential vitamins such as Vitamin D and A are also broken down into microscopic particles

It is inappropriate to describe a test with these properties as “less accurate”— a description that has allowed some companies to launch suboptimal products,12 possibly encouraged by the magnitude of government contracts, low levels of government scrutiny, and the lack of an effective regulatory process for diagnostic tests.13

commonsense

We have made note of this QC issue previously in this journal (9), and we argue that this is yet an additional reason that reliability needs to be established during the initial AST

the cited variability in agar medium should be detected by QC testing.

QC ranges are typically much lower than the clinical breakpoint. For example, the meropenem-vaborbactam QC ranges span from 0.008 to 0.5 μg/ml for Enterobacterales QC organisms. The Enterobacterales clinical breakpoints are ≤4 μg/ml (susceptible), 8 μg/ml (intermediate), and ≥16 μg/ml (resistant), several dilutions away from these QC ranges (4).

QC testing was within acceptable limits

QC does not evaluate all aspects of testing (i.e., preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical components)

underpowered from a statistical perspective (6).

The establishment of an independent, third party reviewer to develop and verify quality and accuracy of claims prior to review by FDA and the federal CLIA-regulating agencies would enhance the transparency of the process. This entity would be not-for-profit, non-governmental, non-ac-crediting, non-industry, and entirely neutral. Both public health and patient safety would be best served by imple-menting a centralized third party review system rather than a peer review model.


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efforts and resources from makers towards COVID-19 challenges, such as GetusPPE in the US and the HelpfulEngineers open-source group setup by Project Open Air which has more than 3,000+ members looking for different COVID-19 solutions (www.getusppe.org, 2020),(www.app.jogl.io, 2020),(www.projectopenair.org, 2020)

a large study

Abortion should be

Do you think climate change, also known as global warming, is a serious problem?

What is your level of education?

Are you a white evangelical or white born-again Christian?

CMS’ CLIA program does not address the clinical validity of any test

42 CFR 493.1253(b)(2

The origin of the crack was located practically in the centre of slot No 10 (Figure 17), around 14 cm (5.6 inches) behind the front face of the hub and 1.4 mm (0.055 inches) below the surface of the slot bottom. No material quality (composition, microstructure) or manufacturing related anomaly was found.

adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapyindicated for the treatment of patients with confirmed biallelic RPE65mutation-associated retinal dystrophy

The negatives will be fresh samples, transported within 48 hours, the positives will be frozen. This follows recent work at PHE Porton Down to support the development of this protocol which found there to be no discernible difference in performance when using frozen samples.

Since no quantified virus isolates of the 2019-nCoV are currently available

continually consult the open databases of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences to ensure their tests remain up-to-date and that false negatives do not arise because of genome variation

we do have a whole lot of applications

while the ID Now had an LOD of 20,000 copies/ml (9), well above the limit of detection stated in the Abbott ID Now COVID-19 package insert (125 genome equivalents/ml)

Senator Rand Paulintroduced the Verified Innovative Testing in AmericanLaboratories Act of 2020

PAHPRA also enhances the authority of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to support rapid responses to public health emergencies.

nasal swabs

There were a number of science-based options that politicians could have followed in this outbreak. If they chose the wrong ones, then we need to be clear that this was because of broken politics, not broken scientific advice.

To ascertain whether this decrease in confidence was as a result of the Cummings events (a Cummings effect), we carried out analyses using two types of comparisons. First, we compared the responses for people living in England to those of people living in the devolved nations of Scotland and Wales who were asked to rate their confidence in their own devolved governments. There was no evidence of a similar large decrease in confidence in the governments of the devolved nations either descriptively (appendix p 1–3) or statistically

There is some evidence that in care homes where staff receive sick pay, there are lower levels of infection in residents.

offered two nasal swabs

Poorly timed testing, if conducted infrequently, could lead to false positives or false negatives,

at the peak of infection

PCR may actually be too sensitive in some settings, picking up on scraps of innocuous coronavirus genetic material in patients who are no longer sick; antigen testing could circumvent this.

advertised accuracy rates will almost certainly drop when used at home,

antigen tests aren’t great at sussing out small amounts of the coronavirus, which means they’re far more likely to miss a case that a technique like PCR would catch