Sustaining Development vs Developing Sustainability

Areas of focus

Measure curiosity

Role of social media and tech

Reflection on curiosity

Why DBR

Eligibility

https://www.oph.fi/sites/default/files/documents/eu-youth-strategy_en.pdf

Budget Note?

Valid mean?

A final overview of the report.

As a policy report it was expected to include 'recommendations' and 'calls to action' more than actual implementation but the report included repetitive calls to the same action addressing different outcomes.

Key words were: Vulnerable groups, Nature-based innovation, science-policy interfaces, Voluntary collaborative initiatives, systematic use of multi-stakeholder partnerships, ational, subnational and local governments, natural and cultural heritage,citizen-centric environmental sensitivity

How can we ensure that they be part of the decision making not only the discussion?

https://www.uclg.org/sites/default/files/guidelines_0.pdf

How?

Major state act with civil society

inclusion

In 2016, 48% of Egypt's population are living in slum conditions, three of the 30 mega slums around the world are found in Egypt (Imbaba and Ezbet El-Haggana 2.2 million, city of the dead 1.8 million). There are about 10.2 million slum dwellers in greater Cairo out of 22.5 million (Cairo's population).

Grass root projects

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

Like Labeling and Certifications?

Greywater is gently used water from your bathroom sinks, showers, tubs, and washing machines. It is not water that has come into contact with feces, either from the toilet or from washing diapers. Greywater may contain traces of dirt, food, grease, hair, and certain household cleaning products.

Using rainwater collectors

Dual Flush

Lower carbon footprint per capita

Instead of horizontal versus vertical expansion, shouldn't the decisive factor be the amount of resources used versus the capacity of people served?

Strategies

It's like a greenhouse effect in solid state

infrastructure

Incapable of being penetrated: a material impervious to water

This does not include food producing

PESTEL Analysis might help here

Biodiversity

For new building this is relatively easy to plan for. In existing building this will need tons of cooperation and changes that involve more stakeholders and thus might face more resistance.

I felt that there is a higher emphasis on environmental aspects. This should include cultural and heritage protection and representation. Securing healthy livelihoods. Being self-sufficent in food. Enabling some sort of economic output such as the sell of excess energy or the selling of compost and recycling practices.

Triple P's

Planet People Profit

Is this a positive social impact? why?

Environmental protection

Economic Savings

End of Life at the LCA

Design for sustainability: this seeks to reduce negative impacts on the environment, and the health and comfort of building occupants, thereby improving building performance.

associated with low livelihoods and poverty

The tradeoff between livelihood development and consumption expansion and waste output

And still the budget portion here is higher versus high income countries

Added value to 'waste'

consumerism and capitalism discussed in the first lecture

More like product choice, since design is more related to the manufacturer

Even if this is true, shouldn't the accumulation of the solid waste become a more pressing issue due to the lack of proper disposal infrastructure?

People are 'hopefully' becoming more interested in green products and conscious companies

Mainly because of China and India

What is the role of academia, research and the private sector?

What's the correlation between SW to flooding?

harmful

Capacity building and equipping them with the needed safety equipment and innovative tools

Hence global warming and climate change

Industrialization and Consumption per Capita

True cost affect and cost benefit analysis

like water and energy, private sector stakeholder may have a huge role in developing the current status

Almost doubled per capita. This indicates that consumption rates increased dramatically as well

Indicating that the majority of population increase is referred to rural communities.

Desertification?

Eutrophication, dystrophication or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae. This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body after the bacterial degradation of the algae.

Anthropocene

Wouldn't it be more valid if the graph provided wasn't only attributed to fossil fuels?

Can a certain economic paradigm change consumerism? Are communist societies more resource friendly?

Unequal social distribution of consumption rates which will reflect in carbon and water footprint injustice

How does the increase in population contribute to the per capita increase in consumption?

Pareto 80/20 rule

Egypt's main programs: https://egyptindependent.com/egypt-advances-in-international-renewable-energy-indexes-cabinet/#:~:text=Eight%20projects%20were%20implemented%20in,Siwa%2C%20New%20Valley%20and%20the

better than leasing

Where microfinance came alive

Current policy in Egypt

Everyone benefits from a support system meant to be customized

short cut

It is also better to build a culture of saving and responsible consumption and production from the beginning

stakeholder managment

Eliminating fossil fuel subsidies would greatly reduce global carbon emissions and would reduce the health risks of air pollution and make green alternatives more economically viable

Climate injustice

Energy and food security

disproportionate distribution

Or lack of affordable alternatives

Most if not all of them are in developing countries. https://www.statista.com/statistics/264631/number-of-people-without-access-to-electricity-by-region/

Wind, Biomass, geothermal ...

to grow or produce by multiplication of parts, as in budding or cell division, or by procreation. to increase in number or spread rapidly and often excessively.

Uhh...?

Decoupling consists of increasing the energy productivity of economic activities such that more output can be produced per unit of energy used

Thus saving costs and making it economically challenging to adopt expensive green alternatives

Tonne of oil equivalent

Luxembourg is 8.3 Africa is 0.5 World average is 1.5

and environmental degradation.

Stakeholders within Energy

Ideas for off-grid innovations: https://www.anoffgridlife.com/off-grid-electricity-what-you-need-to-know/

Cairo is the most polluted city in the world, according to the Eco Experts' report. On average, residents of Cairo breathe in air suffused with 11.7 times the WHO recommended safe level of PM2.5 and 14.2 times the safe level of PM10.

The diversification of a country's energy sources is called its energy mix. Diversification allows for a society to absorb a shock in one energy input such as coal by increasing the use of another such as nuclear or solar energy for example.

Egypt's energy mix: Oil and natural gas are the primary fuels used to meet Egypt's energy needs, accounting for 95% of the country's total energy consumption in 2016

https://www.eia.gov/international/content/analysis/countries_long/Egypt/images/energy_consumption.png

Vulnerable groups (due to race, gender or low socio-economic levels) are always the most at risk

China, India, USA and Russia were the top 4 emitters of CO2 in the world in 2018. It is true that in developing countries emissions are increasing but it is part of their economic development and is not even close to what China and the US are doing since they are more likely to adopt the green technologies available.

And vice versa

exploitation

grasslands store more carbon than forests because they are impacted less by droughts and wildfires

Hypergiant Industries claims that the harvesting technology packed into its Eos Bioreactor is so efficient it is 400 times more effective at capturing carbon than trees taking up the same footprint. It attributes this to its machine learning software that oversees the whole process, managing light, temperatures, and pH levels for maximum output. https://newatlas.com/environment/algae-fueled-bioreactor-carbon-sequestration/

food, especially dried hay or straw, for cattle and other livestock.

Biomes are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate.

+ve vs -ve impacts

https://skepticalscience.com/global-warming-positives-negatives-intermediate.htm

I was waiting for a list of potential benefits due to climate change and global warming. Anyway here are a couple of assumed benefits: fewer winter deaths; lower energy costs; better agricultural yields; probably fewer droughts; maybe richer biodiversity

And this article give a wonderful counter perspective https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/why-climate-change-is-good-for-the-world#:~:text=The%20chief%20benefits%20of%20global,fewer%20droughts%3B%20maybe%20richer%20biodiversity.

Affected sectors by Climate Change in Egypt: ? Water resources ? Agriculture ? Public health ? Housing and settlements ? Coastal zones ? Biodiversity and coral reefs ? Fisheries ? Telecommunications ? Tourism

Highest priority issues for Egypt: ? Water resources scarcity ? Sea level rise ? Agriculture crop deficiency

There are studies that suggest that with the increase in global temperatures there will be increased evaporation in the Nile River and thus less water supply and ultimately water scarcity.

A 0.5 m Sea Level Rise (SLR) that can occur in about 50 to 60 years would lead to: ◦ Permanent submersion of 1,800 km2 of cropland in low lands in the Nile Delta ◦ Increase soil salinity in the remaining lands ◦ Economic losses estimated at over US$ 35 billion (Land area, 195,000 jobs) ◦ Jeopardizing the food security balance ◦ Relocation of more than 2 million people in Nile Delta and Valley ◦ Severe damage on the large investments in summer resorts along the North West Coast of Egypt. ◦ Propensity of industrial hazards and accidents ◦ Disruption to the industry’s supply and distribution chain and access to key production inputs and feedstock.

Significant variation in Nile stream flow, which was predicted by an increase of 30% or a decrease that can reach 70% (highest convergence) in the annual Nile flow which lead to: ◦ Serious implications in terms of increased flood risks or droughts ◦ Cultivated lands shrinking associated with decrease in food production ◦ Increase in number of jobs lost and water conflicts

https://cairoclimatetalks.net/sites/default/files/Impacts%20of%20Climate%20Change%20on%20Egypt%20and%20the_0.pdf

True cost accounting that includes the long term effects to the present value

Carbon inequality

Just 100 of all the hundreds of thousands of companies in the world have been responsible for 71% of the global GHG emissions that cause global warming since 1998, according to The Carbon Majors Database, a report recently published by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). Change corporate policies and the public will follow

Cooling effect of human activities

To support reversing the effects

And was not induced by industrialization. So what's really happening here? http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150914-when-global-warming-made-our-world-super-hot

has been attributed to a massive methane (CH4) release from marine gas hydrate reservoirs.

Important thematics for research focus

So it can be reversed?

Probably if there were enough data gathering tools as nowadays, a group of activists will relate this to human activities as well

How climate change and covid are interconnected.

Covid is a zoonotic (plural zoonoses) disease is an infectious disease caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or prion) that has jumped from a non-human animal (usually a vertebrate) to a human.

Our climate is changing. As the planet heats up, infectious diseases that were once confined to warmer latitudes are slowly expanding their range. In particular, zoonotic diseases – diseases that spread from non-human animals to humans – are taking advantage of the greater range made available by climate change. One group of zoonoses, vector-borne pathogens, pose an increasing risk to human health.

How did this change in biodiversity patterns affect us as humans?

The main reason why GHGs are tricky is that their affect stays longer with the atmosphere and the earth carbon cycle is disrupted as it can not absorb with the same rate of the carbon production from human activities

I thought maybe we're getting closer but it turned up the complete opposite. We are actually moving away. As the sun loses mass, its gravitational pull becomes weaker. Instead of pulling Earth closer, this pull allows the planet to move back slightly. This change is minuscule at best and reaches a maximum distance of 15 centimeters a year.

https://theplanets.org/are-we-getting-closer-to-the-sun/

Validate or out rule them

Mitigation practices will have to include reversing techniques, if there is a such thing. I heard about regenerative agriculture and it's power to sequestrate carbon. Maybe that might reverse thing around

So does that mean that there is an amplifying effect because of the GHGs trapping phenomena? I mean what is the reason behind the multiplying effect?

Livestock

relating to or denoting the application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation

and more importantly decrease CO2 sequestration

While low in concentration, methane accounts for approximately 9% of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Methane has a high heat trapping capacity, making it more effective at trapping heat than CO2 or water vapor.

Nitrogen accounts for 78% of the atmosphere, oxygen 21% and argon 0.9%. Gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, and ozone are trace gases that account for about a tenth of one percent of the atmosphere.

"Climate change is a phenomenon we can observe through the millions of years of earth existence. There are a number of drivers that cause these natural fluctuations in the system. Quite common are changes the earth axis and orbit in relation to the sun. A good example is the Milankovitch cycle see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles . These kind of changes for example caused the ice ages. Important is the role of so called feedbacks. A very important feedback is the carbon cycle because it amplifies the effect of changes in the radiation balance of the earth surface. Carbon dioxide is here the most important player because it is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gasses trap part of the long wave radiation in the atmosphere. In an event of a change in the earth axis for a number of reasons the CO2 concentration is decreasing which will allow more long wave radiation to leave the atmosphere which will accelerate the cooling already caused. Today we would be on the way to a new ice age if we would not have changed the earth system by most prominently emitting CO2 from fossil fuel burning. So we trap more and more long wave radiation in the atmosphere which warms the planet. This is a 100% human effect on the climate. However, it is important to remember that climate is the long term (decadal) pattern of weather so it is very difficult to blame single events like a mild winter to climate change even so there is evidence for an increase in extreme events. See the IPCC special report on this." Martin Wattenbach

How the increase in earth's temperature is affecting marine life

Science 'assumptions' are changeable based on data input

The process of research and validation

Data driven decisions

GHGs

Mitigation vs adaptation

The difference between climate change mitigation strategies and climate change adaptation is that mitigation is aimed at tackling the causes and minimising the possible impacts of climate change, whereas adaptation looks at how to reduce the negative effects it has and how to take advantage of any opportunities that arise.

Climate vs weather

Whereas weather refers to short-term changes in the atmosphere, climate describes what the weather is like over a long period of time in a specific area.

Weather tells you what to wear each day. Climate tells you what types of clothes to have in your closet.

Socio-economic relation with the quality of life

The word "longevity" is sometimes used as a synonym for "life expectancy" in demography. However, the term longevity is sometimes meant to refer only to especially long-lived members of a population, whereas life expectancy is always defined statistically as the average number of years remaining at a given age.

How is this measured? Number of degrees? Patents? Age? Health and wellbeing? all together?

Availability vs effectiveness

Also buy minimizing consumption production enhances

Education vs learning

Did this include patents?

Economic growth but how did it help local food supply

Supporting supply chain development

Fiscal policies to support poverty eradication

How ownership, a human capital empowered by law, increased productivity.

This is usually a common issue within developing countries. And as it requires huge infrastructure changes, technology should come in and alleviate that burden. (Drones for example in shipping)

Local production of food through local farmers (Local integrated supply chain)

Inheriting hunger and poverty. (Intergenerational transition)

Hunger root cause

Not sustainable

Food waste and fragmented supply chains is severely harming their access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food.

Economic vs Social benefits

So they can be economically growing due to exports but as they are using most of the land for exports (to richer regions), their ability to feed themselves nationally is degrading.

Natural capital

Food security: "when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life".

A transition economy or transitional economy is an economy which is changing from a centrally planned economy to a market economy.

The decrease and increase happened in different regions

Social inequalities in hunger. (Vulnerable segments are always the worse to suffer)

Supply and value chain development

Colonialism and foreign entry to internal affairs

Can be domestic (Governmental) and foreign such as (FDI. ODA)

Why people are encouraged to save?

Might be a cultural skill as well coming from proper education

Highlighting human capital here is crucial. It is a gate to build skills and behaviors to escape the poverty side.

Is the correlation coming due to financial freedom ?

Gross National Product (GNP) is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) plus net factor income from abroad. GNP measures the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced by the country's factors of production irrespective of their location.

Integrating the end beneficiaries opinions and challenges increases the effectiveness and efficiency

Getting out of the poverty trap.

Causes of inefficiency in social protection

Barriers to accessibility to social protection

So an extremely wealthy person can tap into that? Conditions are absolutely needed!

Whole system design

Working with the root causes

Shocking!

Most important questions in this document

Availability vs accessibility

Something to highlight that not only the goals are interconnected but actually the problems we want to eradicate are as well.

The Social Protection Floor is a socio-economic development policy concept and a crisis management tool. Since the context of each country differs in terms of institutional capacity, political ideologies, financial resources, economic structure and cultural values, each floor is defined by individual countries.

Compare this to having a well defined international poverty line of US$1.90. How is the floor variable but the poverty line constant? I mean from a hypothetical economic perspective, if 1.90$ can provide basic needs are people still accounted as poor?

In Egypt an estimated 3.8 percent of Egyptians lived on less than the international poverty line of US$1.90. A much higher share of the population lived on less than US$3.20 per day, a poverty line used by the World Bank as a benchmark for lower middle income countries. In 2017-18, the poverty rate at US$3.20 was estimated to be 28.9 percent, up from 18.1 percent in 2015.

A great approach was the national poverty estimates, calculated using a new poverty line set each survey year. These poverty lines can be considered to be relative poverty lines with the real value of the lines changing over time to reflect the most recent consumption patterns of the population.

Very important document: https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/987B9C90-CB9F-4D93-AE8C-750588BF00QA/AM2020/Global_POVEQ_EGY.pdf

With a huge emphasis on economics and fiscal policies

Discrimination basis. How being different might mean not being equal.

ODA and FDI can contribute to the launch of certain projects and therefore not affect the operating economic capital within the developing nations

through tax-finaiced social protection schemes

A grievance mechanism is a formal, legal or non-legal (or 'judicial/non-judicial') complaint process that can be used by individuals, workers, communities and/or civil society organisations that are being negatively affected by certain business activities and operations.

Back to the importance of grass-root approaches

One of the root causes of poverty was the deficiency in capital throughout generations to escape the poverty trap

It is on a long term approach

An investment for a more sustainable effective protection

Triple A

too great to be overcome.

This should have more tod do with their influence, value and productivity that simply their demographics

Gender influence in vulnerability studies

A livelihood that is usually underrated is the social asset, this is where connections and community based dynamics come to fruition

Challenges of indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities

This benefits the whole community. When more diversity is included in the classroom and workforce, new ideas arise and the community becomes better in being empathetic, understanding and acceptable.

This is politically challenging and doesn't make proper sense.

Exclusion, Segregation, Integration and Inclusion

https://klique.com.sg/exclusion-segregation-integration-and-inclusion/

A contributory pension plan requires the employees to pay into the plan from their salary (the employees' pay stub would show the money was taken out of their pay to go into the pension plan). In a non-contributory pension plan only the employer contributes.

As drastic as this sounds it is also correlated with population expansion making it tougher and harder for youth to get proper jobs (Huge increase in no of employable youth and a slight increase in jobs offered). A shift to entrepreneurship, vocational development and freelancing can severely reduce this number.

Availability vs Effectiveness

War and Conflict is one of the most drastic root causes of poverty. In Syria, around 70% of the entire population now lives below the poverty line — this in a country where extreme poverty was once very rare.

The World Bank estimates that climate change has the power to push more than 100 million people into poverty over the next ten years. As it is, climate events like drought, flooding, and severe storms disproportionately impact communities already living in poverty. Why? Because many of the world’s poorest populations rely on farming or hunting and gathering to eat and earn a living.

https://reliefweb.int/report/world/top-9-causes-global-poverty

Correlation between social and fiscal policy.

and not sustainable