Because of interracial reproduction going back to the days of slavery, African Americans also differ in the darkness of their skin and in other physical characteristics.
I wonder are these variations seen in other cultures or with other groups that happen to be colonized as well?
little of DNA
0.1% is so minuscule what’s the point of even acknowledging it?
race is a social construction, a concept that has no objective reality but rather is what people decide it is
Based off of historical events, European/white have always been in a position of power to make decisions as I see fit. This was also slightly mentioned above. That being the case, would that mean race was socially constructed to fit in narrative European wanted minorities to fit?
But where is the logic for doing so
The one drop rule, which was created to identify Europeans who have black ancestry. Once again to put Themselves (whites/ not mixed) on a systematic pedestal that never should have existed. However, nowadays, it takes more than one drop rule amongst everyday people/African-Americans to be considered an African-American or black
The belief in their inferiority helped justify the harsh treatment they suffered in their new country. Today, of course, we call people from all three backgrounds white or European.
I find it Interesting how Europeans decided amongst them selves that they were going to be “superior” race.
In several Latin American nations, however, Obama would be considered white because of his white ancestry.
Even though president Barack Obama, Obama is equal parts, black and white, In America, if you look the part phenotypically, that’s how the public will respond to you by.
A cautious view is that affirmative action may not be perfect but that some form of it is needed to make up for past and ongoing discrimination and lack of opportunity in the workplace and on the campus. Without the extra help that affirmative action programs give disadvantaged people of color, the discrimination and other difficulties they face are certain to continue.
Opponents of affirmative actions over all of view point is it is illegal and immoral. As well as. Viewing individuals who benefit from affirmative action are less qualified than whites. Seems very non-logical But rather more based on individual discrimination. However, on the proponents side of affirmative action, they list several reasons for favoring this action. One of them being they more or less bring individuals who need affirmative action to an equal playing field as whites
American whites enjoy certain privileges merely because they are white. For example, they usually do not have to fear that a police officer will stop them simply because they are white, and they also generally do not have to worry about being mistaken for a bellhop, parking valet, or maid.
Two clear examples of white privilege and its benefits
African Americans are much more likely than whites to be poor, to live in high-crime neighborhoods, and to live in crowded conditions, among many other problems. As this chapter discussed earlier, they are also more likely, whether or not they are poor, to experience racial slights, refusals to be interviewed for jobs, and other forms of discrimination in their everyday lives. All these problems mean that African Americans from their earliest ages grow up with a great deal of stress, far more than what most whites experience. This stress in turn has certain neural and physiological effects, including hypertension (high blood pressure), that impair African Americans’ short-term and long-term health and that ultimately shorten their lives. These effects accumulate over time: black and white hypertension rates are equal for people in their twenties, but the black rate becomes much higher by the time people reach their forties and fifties. As a recent news article on evidence of this “hidden toll” summarized this process, “The long-term stress of living in a white-dominated society ‘weathers’ blacks, making them age faster than their white counterparts” (Blitstein, 2009, p. 48).Blitstein, R. (2009). Weathering the storm. Miller-McCune, 2(July–August), 48–57.
Racial inequality many Black people face is more than just prejudice/discrimination Creates unfavored, living conditions, a sabotage the growing up experience for many young black kids, as well as affect the Health of black Americans in the long run.
The individual and institutional discrimination just discussed is one manifestation of this inequality. We can also see stark evidence of racial and ethnic inequality in various government statistics. Sometimes statistics lie, and sometimes they provide all too true a picture; statistics on racial and ethnic inequality fall into the latter category.
Manifestations of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States. Here are two clear examples of this
the South during segregation.
Would this be An example of institutional discrimination
Consider height requirements for police. Before the 1970s, police forces around the United States commonly had height requirements, say five feet ten inches. As women began to want to join police forces in the 1970s, many found they were too short.
Example of institutional discrimination
institutional discrimination, or discrimination that pervades the practices of whole institutions, such as housing, medical care, law enforcement, employment, and education. This type of discrimination does not just affect a few isolated people of color. Instead, it affects large numbers of individuals simply because of their race or ethnicity. Sometimes institutional discrimination is also based on gender, disability, and other characteristics.
Institutional discrimination Is a more broad form of discrimination That affects law, living medication and large numbers of individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, disability, or other
individual discrimination, or discrimination that individuals practice in their daily lives, usually because they are prejudiced but sometimes even if they are not prejudiced
How would individual discrimination work even if you weren’t prejudice
Stereotypes
the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin in February 2012 was a deadly example of individual discrimination.
An example of individual discrimination
Usually prejudice and discrimination go hand-in-hand, but Robert Merton (1949) stressed this is not always so. Sometimes we can be prejudiced and not discriminate, and sometimes we might not be prejudiced and still discriminate.
Mertons’s You suggest that sometimes individuals can be prejudice and not discriminate as well as individuals who aren’t prejudice can still discriminate.
Those who cite lack of motivation are more likely than those who cite discrimination to believe the government is spending too much to help blacks.
I think it’s really crazy that people believe black poverty is due to lack of motivation even when we have historical facts backing up the idea of Black people being pushed to The back of priority in all aspects. As if a few recent years, Black people should magically be able to be on equal standings to that of their white counterparts.
Instead, it involves stereotypes about African Americans, a belief that their poverty is due to their cultural inferiority, and opposition to government policies to help them
Yes, to my question above. So what about the whites in poverty are they also considered inferior to the white race? Or is this ideology just for minorities?
But that does not mean that prejudice has disappeared. Many scholars say that Jim Crow racism has been replaced by a more subtle form of racial prejudice, termed laissez-faire, symbolic, or modern racism, that amounts to a “kinder, gentler, antiblack ideology” that avoids notions of biological inferiority
So stereotyping?
recent research indicates that the racial views of (white) women and men are in fact very similar and that the two genders are about equally prejudiced
This is no surprise. I feel that modern media a lot of people like to say the problem is white men white men white men are the problem however historically shown white women have also Aiden, this “problem“ as well
prejudice arises from competition over jobs and other resources and from disagreement over various political issues. When groups vie with each other over these matters, they often become hostile toward each other. Amid such hostility, it is easy to become prejudiced toward the group that threatens your economic or political standing.
This sounds like a great explanation, which makes sense, but is it really all? An example I think of is commonly how Maga/Trumpies claim the immigrants are stealing their jobs, but I wonder if the immigrants were here and weren’t “stealing your jobs“ would they still find a reason to carry disinterest towards them?
unwittingly
Hmm I don’t think it would be that. A lot goes into media coverage and everything seems to be pretty intentional
sociological explanation emphasizes conformity and socialization and is called social learning theory. In this view, people who are prejudiced are merely conforming to the culture in which they grow up, and prejudice is the result of socialization from parents, peers, the news media, and other various aspects of their culture.
This would make a lot of sense how you were raised and what environment you win, obviously would play a part and what individual you would become for most not all.
Several psychology experiments find that when people are frustrated, they indeed become more prejudiced
This is really interesting. I can totally see how this can come to be. However, I still feel there’s a strong difference between becoming prejudice because you’re frustrated and already being prejudice and using your frustration as an excuse to become extreme in your hatred.
According to this view, authoritarian personalities develop in childhood in response to parents who practice harsh discipline. Individuals with authoritarian personalities emphasize such things as obedience to authority, a rigid adherence to rules, and low acceptance of people (out-groups) not like oneself
This is still such a Strange explanation for this. Not that it doesn’t make sense, but if this perspective was discovered pretty early on why was this not treated as a mental condition. And document as such, Meaning individual to display, this type of developmental behaviors would have been classified under mentally handicap?
racism, or the belief that certain racial or ethnic groups are inferior to one’s own.
Racism, Definition is essentially the idea in an individual’s mind of being superior to that of another race/ethnic group.
Prejudice is the attitude, while discrimination is the behavior. More specifically, racial and ethnic prejudice refers to a set of negative attitudes, beliefs, and judgments about whole categories of people, and about individual members of those categories, because of their perceived race and/or ethnicity
The defined prejudice and contrast to discrimination
“American dilemma.”
The idea of America was equality And justice for all. However, this idea goes exactly against what America has Been built upon, and how America continues to grow. Example-White men fight back Maga, the lynching in HBCU, reverse of DEI
The Kerner Commission’s 1968 report reminded the nation that little, if anything, had been done since Myrdal’s book to address this conflict. Sociologists and other social scientists have warned since then that the status of people of color has actually been worsening in many ways since this report was issued (Massey, 2007; Wilson, 2009).Massey, D. S. (2007)
Which we have seen in current times. When the government and administration is openly racist biased against marginalized groups and as proud of it, it’s in turns creates a huge fan base who also idolize this ideology. As well as including those who’ve already had these beliefs, but were rightfully uncomfortable of being outward with them. Great example of this a very cliché example but it’s Maga, which are extremist who are known to be violent and dangerous towards minorities of every group, sometimes even including themselves.
conflict between the American democratic ideals of egalitarianism and liberty and justice for all
Does this mean that when the initial idea of egalitarianism liberty and justice for all was created it was specifically for Europeans? With the idea of protecting and creating equality amongst them?
During the 1830s, white mobs attacked free African Americans in cities throughout the nation, including Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Buffalo, and Pittsburgh. The mob violence stemmed from a “deep-seated racial prejudice…in which whites saw blacks as ‘something less than human’” (Brown, 1975) and continued well into the twentieth century, when white mobs attacked African Americans in several cities, with at least seven antiblack riots occurring in 1919 that left dozens dead.
So basically, the mob attacks were led by their hatred towards black Americans being free or the idea of black Americans being in proximity to where they were
it was not considered a social problem. When the contemporary women’s movement began in the late 1970s, it soon focused on rape and sexual assault as serious crimes and as manifestations of women’s inequality. Thanks to this focus, rape and sexual assault eventually entered the public consciousness, views of these crimes began to change, and legal policymakers began to give them more attention. In short, sexual violence against women became a social problem.
So for an already know issue to be considered a social problem there must be attention from policymakers based on public protest? Is that how it would work?
subjective component of the definition of social problems: There must be a perception that a condition or behavior needs to be addressed for it to be considered a social problem. This component lies at the heart of the social constructionist view of social problems (Rubington & Weinberg, 2010). In this view, many types of negative conditions and behaviors exist. Many of these are considered sufficiently negative to acquire the status of a social problem; some do not receive this consideration and thus do not become a social problem; and some become considered a social problem only if citizens, policymakers, or other parties call attention to the condition or behavior.
Social problems only get attention when enough public outrage or protest is brought to light about the injustice.
objective component is this: For any condition or behavior to be considered a social problem, it must have negative consequences for large numbers of people, as each chapter of this book discusses.
Based on the definition could this be anything that has a large number of consequences of any topics?
A social problem is any condition or behavior that has negative consequences for large numbers of people and that is generally recognized as a condition or behavior that needs to be addressed.
An example of this as stated in the Mills article assignment just below this is mass shooting and gun violence control. Society acknowledges the problems with mass shooting but little speak of the preventative measures that we need