The fact that the effects we measure are comparable for this group of refugeesto the effects we measure for those who leave when repression is coupled with economic crisissuggests that repression is the dominant mechanism behind the effects we document in this paper
Makes sense that it is the pirmary although I would think that if communism made you poor you woukld hate it for that
the emergence of an economic crisisthat threatened the welfare of the middle class
But why would that makes people more likely to vote
The probability plateaus untilthe mid 40s, when the probability of being registered as a Democrat starts rising again. There isno trend for registering as an independent with age of arrival until the beginning of middle-age,when increasing age appears to make non-partisan registration less likely
Young people are more radically right, ot more likely to register as repuiblican
1.9% increase in the probability of voting in a generalpresidential election.
Much higher
A and B of Figure 5 present a residualized binned scatter plot of the relationship between age atarrival and voting in 2016 and 2014, respectively
The later you come, the more exposure you had to repression, the more likely you are to vote
behaviors and preferences of siblings.
Measuring the increased exposure to regimes
yij = α + βArrivalAgeij + θFemaleij + ωij + φj + ηij
Very exciting that this makes sense to me nowadays
family members forall families in our data.
And so captured in the family fixed effect
Overall therelationship between age of arrival is positive, with every additional year associated with a 0.18percentage point increase in the probability of voting in 2016
Bad model though, need a quadratic term
he trend is clearly increasing with agefor newborn arrivals up through early middle-age, flat for middle-aged arrivals through earlyretirement-age, and decreasing with age among those who arrive after 60 or 65.
Makes sense and is consistent with what we know of immigrant voting patterns, but different compared to US pop
hose who are civically engaged enough to register
Couldn't you see what proportion of the migrants that was
Most children in our data have siblings who are 10 years orfewer apart from them.
i.e, they have ten years more mature exposure to repressive regimes
likely to express skepticism of democracy oropenness to other forms of government
Might just have more skepticism in general
this population as right-wing prior to migration.
Suggesting the emotional component not ideological
ven when thoseparties are anti-immigrant (
Talked about this last semester, there is a strong factor beyond the ideology of the party in the host country
is affective more than itis ideological.
What does this mean, based more on emotional connection?
but it might also motivate survivors toparticipate more post-migration to fulfill pent up demand for political voice, cast votes againstparties similar to oppresive ones in their birth countries, or a number of other possible psycho-logical mechanisms beyond the scope of this study
The question is how this ties back to NE, I suspect a bulk of the population will end up there
The extant literature suggests a “back-lash effect” for victims who remain in affected areas; victims are more hostile to the perpetratingregime and persistently less likely to express loyalty unless the regime can credibly threaten themagain
Again, intuitive
will have been a survivor ofsome form of political repression.
Varied in severity though, bold assumption
. Ironically, the liberalization of free expressionrules under Gorbachev’s Perestroika heralded an increase in public anti-semitic demonstrations(Gitelman, 1991), all prompting subsequent waves of emigration out of the Soviet Union thatwould continue after the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991
Government and public was persecuting or at least discriminating against jews
children are not typically responsible for migrationdecisions
But will still have some of the generational resentment and trauma from the repression
Moreover, we also establish similar patternswithin the same refugee population in a different national context (Israel) using data from a largemulti-election survey
One question is if it generalizes beyond jews
more likely to participatein presidential and midterm elections and to register as Republicans in the US. Our findings holdwithin our simplest within-family design,
They stay conservative, presumably in a backlash to the regime they are fleeing, but are liable to activly participate in government
political consequences
We know they are hostile and demoblized if they stay but what happens if they leave
Public trust, turnout, andother measures of political participation t
This makes intuitive sense
which we attribute to backlash against commu-nism.
Very cuban of them
God he created them;cmale and female he created them
God doesn't give man or women precedence, which seems contradicted in chapter two
AndGod saw that it was good.
Right from the start he is a creator and a judge, and the way he wants things to be is good
And God said,
God's creation through speaking implies the power of the word, but also for me that word creates (fiction!)
Lord d God
Switch to lord god starts the story of the secondary creation
while a wind from God bswept over the face of the waters.
The idea was to push readers to "think like God"
ToEnoch was born Irad; and Irad was the fatherof Mehujael, and Mehujael the father ofMethushael, and Methushael the father ofLamech.
Where did the not adam and eve people come from?
Enoch
Holy crossword clue
the tree was to be desired to make one wise,she took of its fruit and ate;
All it took was one convo bruh?
our
Our?
God saw that it was good
Trial and error?
Whether partycoalitions can again be disrupted depends on shifting party dynamics insome fundamental way, by some future partisan coalition- builders, in waysthat we cannot foresee.
To me the story is this: NE always had some preference for liberal policies and for a while the party to affiliate with was less defined. After Reagan, the base of young and immigrant support FDR had grown was unable to find a home for their progressive mindsets in an increasingly evangelical republican party. Thus, they said: "We dippin" and deserted to the democrats.
dominated by Southerners, and the partywas facing pressures to pursue the policies of cultural conservatives” costingthe GOP support elsewhere as “the Northeast wing was not receptive to thisemphasis”
I think the push factors were more important than the pull here
Party leaders and their strategic efforts built partisan coalitions in NewEngland during changing circumstances, often by trying to attract particulardemographic groups through outreach, party organization, and issue appeals
Immigrants and liberalism
Similar shifts took place in regard to congressional representation, too.
Makes perfect sense, presidential inclination is generally a pretty good indicator
Since Reagan, the Republican Party has become even more wed to far-right messages and has moved in an anti- government, even anti-democraticdirection, which swept in conspiracy theorists, while undermining governance(Fried and Harris 2020, 2021). Partisan polarization is increasingly racializedand asymmetric, with Republicans more extreme than Democrats (Mannand Ornstein 2012; Tesler 2016).
This seems to me a primary factor
New England, bycontrast, continued its tradition of electing mostly moderate Republicanswho were pro-choice, comparatively feminist and, particularly in comingdecades, pro-LGBTQ+ rights.
In part whats gonna happen is the relative extremism is gonna make people who were once rep. democrats
assiduously
With great care and fortitude
As this chapter noted at the start, the Democratic Party’s embrace of civilrights in the latter decades of the twentieth century is key to understandingparty transformation in New England.
Again progressivism rears its beautiful head
Muskie and Reagan: Post-FDR Coalition-Buildersand New England Politics
We just got the pull factors, now we will get the push. Reagans social conservatism will not be good for his new england base
the famed Austin-Boston alliance in the HouseDemocratic leadership was born
Bringing new englanders into the democratic party
recalcitrant
Anti-authority, uncooperative
the South alone couldnot yield victory.
New engalnd holding strategic worth as country grows
Franklin Roosevelt’s highly successful NewDeal coalition was to graft more liberal elements— mainly ethnic and urbanliberals— onto the party’s traditional Southern base
The north was always more progressive, and there was a time when the republican part provided that, but as the population become younger and catholic and immigrant, the democrats were actually the party that had the opportunity for liberalism
Perhaps it was the Democrats’ confirmed status as a nationalminority that made them more risk acceptant by 1928 when they nominateda Tammany Hall- affiliated northerner
Wonder if we will see parallels in modern politics
New England’ssupport for the GOP was mostly uniform due to the lingering resentmentsof the Civil War and to Republicans’ continuing support of nationalizing,coordinative efforts as they related to commerce.
But isn't this not analogous to today since the views on states rights would flip which party it found a home under
based in the South, were,among other things, committed to states’ rights and slavery protections.When late Jacksonian era Democrats,
ironic given that new england almost started the revolution with a want of states rights
elite
Well this didn't change about new engalnds reputation
preeminence
surpassing all others
least Democratic
Oldest traditions
New England’s swing in party supporthas been at least as dramatic as what occurred in the former confederacy.
But hasn't given new england the same voting power as the south
This Republican Party of Lincolnhas become a party of theocracy . . .
I haven't really thought about new England politics as particularly religious
Vulgate
Vulgate is latin, sepitgiunt is greek (and was translated into the vulgate), hebrew text is "original" (and was translated into greek)
This methodology is called “textual criticism” because itis a way of assessing a text through critical comparisonof its different copies.
Basically, being ok with the fact that there are differences
n response to this critique of their canonical status,the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation position wasto declare these works definitively a part of the Bible.The Catholic church to this day maintains the canoni-cal status of Tobit, Judith, the longer version of Esther,1 and 2 Maccabees, the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach,Baruch (including the Le*er of Jeremiah), and the Addi-tions to Daniel. The Orthodox churches also maintainedthe canonical status of these works, and in addition re-garded some or all of the following books as canonical:1 Esdras, the Prayer of Manasseh, Psalm 151, 3 Maccabees,2 Esdras, and (in an appendix) 4 Maccabees. The NRSVincludes headings within the Apocryphal/Deuteroca-nonical Books calling a*ention to the varying canonicalstatus of these works.
Canon because they wanted to politically oppose to keep power
Luther wanted these texts to be available for readingand meditation, but he did not regard them as scripture
Whats the difference? Don't obey them to a tee?
continued to cite the Greek Bible, though argu-ing for the superiority of the Hebrew text and canon.
For people party it was on hand but it must have also been colonial motivations
This is, fundamental-ly, a typical ancient Near Eastern process: Instead of cre-ating a small, highly consistent text, as we perhaps mightnow do, those responsible for the process included manyof the viewpoints in ancient Israel, incorporating differ-ing and even contradictory traditions into this single, andsingular, book—the Hebrew Bible
DEI
Canonization is fundamentally a process of selection,but we cannot reconstruct why particular texts were can-onized while others were not
But again gives an opportunity for SELF selection of whats important
Instead
Bacially the trend is that people try and fail, yikes
During this period of bipartisan attempts, from 2006 to 2008, deportation of unauthorizedimmigrants increased by 27%, while border apprehensions simultaneously fell by 35%.17
Part of the problem is that in such an executive heavy political space, the approval ratings or cha nce of reelction can quicly halt reform
new securitization ofimmigration
Which would go on to provde the framework for what the trump administration is doing today
socially
we allowed it to shift as an instituition
the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, and this policy hasremained prominent in immigration enforcement well into the 21st century by allowing local lawenforcement officials to be trained to carry out parts of the detention and deportation processesusually executed by then Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) and now Immigrationand Customs Enforcement (ICE).
History review
simultaneously provided a path to citizenship for nearly 2.7 millionunauthorized migrants (two million of whom were Mexican),
Reagan bruh
‘Yes, but Iwant to work and contribute to the U.S. I don’t want to always take handouts and be aburden in the U.S.
This is what they are being fed by the gov.
We left Syria when she was in 6th grade.That was the last time she had any schooling. And then the next time she was in school againwas in NJ. She was placed in 10th grade because she was 16 years old. She was very confusedand struggled in school. She eventually dropped out of H.S.
So not only will there be cultural divides but also a fallout from whatever they were fleeing
but generally most refugee families are scattered throughout thecity and physically isolated from each other.
HArd to build a community this way
imitations of resettlement agency and urban education
I suspect this will hit on similair notes from the book
which connects Chinatown to downtown San Francisco
integration
significant demographic shifts
less demand
To measure political integration,
This will contribute to stuff like procurment of oublic goods and social welfare
A cohesive elite structure is marked by consensus reached by decision-makers acrossall sectors on the agenda and the approach for Chinatown development
Success of a chinatown isndependent on how well the de facto leaders get along
What explains the diverse trajectories ofChinatown development
What explains tge immigrant integration
Participants showed that CBPinconsistently screened or accounted for fear of return,trafficking, or age.
I wonder how much this represents a mandate from the higher ups
Policy Violations
How do we enforce these, like clearly putting it into law is insufficient
Approximately 51percent reported that CBP did not explain the documentsthey signed (e.g., Form I-770) prior to their repatriationto Mexico, and nearly half reported not knowing whatforms they signed. Fourteen percent reported feelingforced or pressured to sign documents
They should be given some leniency because they are minors but instead they are taken advantage of
CBP officials did nottreat them with respect or none did
So subjectiv though
Overall, the results demonstratethat CBP does not comply with the major policies articu-lated in the Flores Settlement, its internal guidelines, orthe TVPRA, as per the detention, screening, or repatria-tion of Mexican UAC.
Not surprising still wondering why
Mexican UAC differently from UAC from noncontig-uous states
harsher?
The federal government generally cannotdetain children for more than 20 days
Where do they go after?
economicopportunity, and to escape severe violence (UNHCR2014a).
No refugees?
. As nongovernmental organizations and human rights groups have documented, however, CBP hasrepeatedly violated these legal standards and policies, and subjected UAC to abuses and rights violations
Why, whats the incentive
351
Does not make sense ro me
64 percent AZ; 77 percent NM)
There is less of a differnce than I expected betwen the states
86 percent said that being American is very important to them (85 percent in AZ; 87 percentin NM),
Not much dif
As noted earlier, Arizona also mandates that English be used by stateemployees and limits the use of bilingual education schools.
TLDR, arizona is hella hostile
What are the attitudinal effects of living in a more welcoming orunwelcoming subnational locale?
Main research question
Other research shows thatminorities regard their ethnoracial and national identities as more compatible when they perceivethat the host community values their group
So they are studying the opposite
n spite of high levels of integration, continuesto navigate contexts in which politics and policies frame Latino ethnicity as “illegal” and fo
Because its more of a mislabel?
reflect trends in a “new federalism” of immi-gration policy playing out across the United States
Good natural expirement
are transferred to DHS and restructured to become three new agencies: USCustoms and Border Protection (CBP), US Immigration and Customs Enforcement(ICE), and US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
Which is what we know today and was born from a security decision following 9/11
1996
Bad year
hus terminating the discretion of sentencing judgesto grant relief from deportation for criminal offenders.
Becomes entirely fed decision
Under these programs, roughly 2.7million people who were then illegally residing in the United States eventually become lawfulpermanent residents.
Wow
he law defines a “refugee” as any personoutside the person’s country of nationality who is unable or unwilling to return tothat country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on accountof race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or particularopinion.
This is where we accept but still do not ratify international law
The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act (known as the Hart-Cellar Act) (79Stat. 911) abolishes the national-origins quota system and replaces it with a systemwhereby immigrants are admitted based on their relationship to a US citizen orlawful permanent resident family member or US employer. While caps are placedon the total number of immigrants who may be admitted each year in most family-based and employer-based categories, the law provides that there will be no cap onthe number of “immediate relatives” (spouses, parents, and minor children) of UScitizens admitted each year. Like immediate relatives, immigrants from the WesternHemisphere countries are also exempted from the law’s system of “preferencecategories” for those who are admitted. However, the law provides that beginning in1968, there will be a cap of 120,000 on the total number of permanent residents whomay be admitted from the Western Hemisphere.
System we still use today
by Nazi persecution to immigrate to the United States.The law also states that up to 15,000 individuals residing in the United States as ofApril 1, 1948 who meet the displaced person definition may adjust their status andbecome lawful permanent residents. President Truman signs the law “with very greatreluctance,” expressing concerns that the law’s requirements will exclude many Jewishrefugees
First instance of refugee assistance
Students,nationals of Western Hemisphere countries, members of certain professions, and thewives and minor children of US citizens are exempted from the quotas.
Picky
nationals of Western Hemisphere countries are excluded from the quotas.
Still very white centric
ough the law exempts students, as wellas certain professionals (e.g. teachers, government officers, lawyers, physicians, andchemists), and their wives and children.
So low skill labor basically
and sentenced to one year of hardlabor
Slavery, hello?!?!?!
ee white persons
Starting off racist, lovely
with a digni ed face and an erect spine, then return to Germany and kill herselfwithout further words or fanfare
Holy fuck
. You hear it all the time but that doesn’t mean it makessense. Whiskey is supposed to be bracing but what it is is awful. I want either teaor beer, no whiskey. Mary nods again and heads into the kitchen
I'm having anxiety reading it
My beloved second elder sister, I take my eternalleave of you
Conjecture or fact?
It’s November 1, 1991, the last day of the rst part of my life.
Great line
One by one. Behind black-rimmed glasses, he counts with his eyes. Ineach case the verdict is clear: not enough
Hella relatable
. An hour later I go back andthe office is empty. When I erase the blackboard nally, I can see where she laidher hands carefully, where the numbers are ghostly and blurred
Bob dies but why?
The mean landlady has evicted them
Both readings have been pretty self deprecating
Caroline is cryingwhen she leaves, a combination of squirrel adrenaline and sadness
I miss my dog
He wants me to reassure him that he’s strong enough to leave me
Brutal
You have control over this,” he explains in his professor voice. “You can decidehow long she suffers
Dog represents the marriage perhaps, but also maybe her own suffering
great dog
What do the dogs represent
. “I have to talk to youright now,” he says grimly. “Where are you? I can never nd you.”“Try calling your own house,” I say to the machine. In his second message he hascomposed himself.“I’m ne now,” he says rmly. “Disregard previous message and don’t call me back,please; I have meetings.” Click, dial tone, rewind
The fuck is his problem
This is an affront to the two younger dogs, who knowthe couch belongs to them; as soon as I settle in they creep up and nd theirplaces between my knees and elbows
Solitary
Or that the dog at the bottom of the stairs keeps having mild strokes, which causeher to tilt her head inquisitively and also to fall over. She drinks prodigiousamounts of water and pees great volumes onto the folded blankets where shesleeps
Analogy?
he’s reduced himself to a troubled voice on the telephonethree or four times a day
Left not dead
Guys whose own lives are ticking like alarm clocks getting ready to go off,although none of us are aware of it yet
What does this mean
ake up. She’s staring at me with her head slightly tippedto the side, long nose, gazing eyes, toenails clenched to get a purchase on thewood oor. We used to call her the face of love.
Poetic way to describe owning a dog
deep-seated wound in yourself, a wound you are trying to heal using these children.
See above
While I see much to admire
The format is like having a friend that only complains in a depressing way
It’s simply time foryou to move on.
The question is was she aware of this motivation at the time
It’s not yourfault, but you may choose to take this misfortune as a sign of God’s displeasureand torture yourself with guilt and self-loathing for many years to come.
Really apparent tone shift bc of the format
Ira and Isabelle
:(
Dear Potential Mom,
Good god
We regret to inform you that it will be quite a while before you grow up,and it will take some cataclysmic events in your life before you really begi
All voice of expierince
We understand why you took refuge in themusic of the Grateful Dead, dancing until you felt yourself leave your body,caught up in their brand of enlightenment.
Nice line
After all, who knew that the semester you decidedto come to uc Berkeley would be so tumultuous. That unsavory business withJim Jones and his Bay Area followers left us all reeling.
?
“grown into” your body yet. We wish you the best of luck infinding your niche elsewhere
Maybe its also just the negative self talk
Thank you for your application to be the girlfriend of one of our star basketballplayers.
funny
We regret to inform you that no suitable match has been found to accompanyyou to the school dance.
Theme is times in one's life when they were let down?
Action on climate change requires trust in science, government and generalized socialtrust
Running short on that at the moment
They conclude that nationalismdepresses support for immigration, national policies to mitigate climate change, andinternational cooperation to that end
Not surpising, at least the migration piece
or to believe thatthey will suffer, both from climate mitigation policies that raise prices or reduce jobsin the carbon industries and from competition or threat from new immigrants
Easily manipulated voter base
Research on how to scale up mental health resources to meet theneeds of sudden large numbers of disaster migrants is needed
Obviously important but doesn't scream to me the way the others do
society’sabsorption capacities
Both in resources but also like social generosity
here is reason to believe that previous regular,measured and successful immigration paves the way for successful integration of refugeesand other immigrants who arrive suddenly and in greater numbers
Just as an immigrant community can help receive new migrants, they also soften the landing of society around them to be less discriminatory
this was driven primarilyby people in areas where the immigrants were not settling.
huh
minorities and became less supportive of anti-immigration parties compared to individ-uals living farther away
But I think this will somewhat depend on the place and like mindset of where they are being integrated
be concentrated in order to maximize social network ties and co-ethnicsupport, creating an ethnic enclave, or dispersed in order to avoid overburdening receiv-ing communities, and providing more opportunities for immigrants and natives to inter-act?
How much say does a host country really have
here is a risk of native backlash againstthem.
Yeah the right is likely to deny why and how they left
5000 people relocated to Buffalo.Some went back, but many stayed. In the 2020 US Census Buffalo showed its first popu-lation increase in 70 years (National Academy of Sciences, Medicine and Engineering2024).
Countries can get benefits from bolstering dying cities
By leveraging what we know about migrants –that they send economic remittances in amounts that dwarf international economicaid, and that they create welcoming communities that ease the integration and furtherthe success of countrymen who follow, the use of visas for strategic migrants can benefi-cially shape future migration and help sending communities hit hardest by climatechange
This is smart, take advantage of the human disposition already at play
Providing anumber of visas to countries that are experiencing severe climate change will seedfuture migration through social networks and support those unable to move who needto adapt in place through remittances.
It can be a borderline one time thing
Instead, they would just provide a path to perma-nent migration for a stream of migrants from the sending country, whether or not theindividual migrants report that they are experiencing adverse effects of climate change.
Who gets to allocate then? Just a lottery system, and how does one verify that it is for climate reasons (although maybe that isn't important)
One avenue forward is that visas could be issued for countriesfacing all three types of migration – disaster, strategic, and managed retreat
requires so much individual generosity on the part of the country
how would strategic migrants establish that itis climate that caused them to move?
And what differentiates them from economic migrants
A new legal and bureaucratic category of a climate migrant would be very difficult, ifnot impossible to administer.
We need a more strict definition of climate migrant b/c climate change so often works in tandem with other push factors, the scope needs to be narrower
One ques-tion is whether we need a new legal category of migrant (Williams 2008).
yes
trapped populations, people who cannot or will not move, butwhose adaptation in place will increasingly fail
Old, poor, etc
ea level rise and destruc-tion of ecosystems and livelihoods will cause two types of migration: strategic migrationand managed retreat. Strategic migration is a choice made by individuals. It can beeconomically motivated or specifically because of a perception that staying in placewill be impossible or costly because of climate change (Castro 2023). Managed retreatis the organized movement of communities away from hazards. It will become inevitablein some places, like low lying island nations and other places that become uninhabitable,yet it is highly undesirable and often fiercely resisted
Strategic migration is more economically or individually motivated while managed retreat will happen as that place slowly becomes unlivable (as opposed to rapidly in the case of disaster)
Thisproduces disaster migration. It is unplanned and rapid.
Avoiding the most random and devastating of climate change effects
People generally move to places where they know people, where family orfriends have already settled
Like providence RI
involving ‘conflict, disease, pol-itical change and economic crises’ (Kemp et al. 2022, 6). Should such large scale societaldisruptions occur, migration would surely follow
Making me want to be a damn climate activist
Estimating the volume of climate migration produces highly varied estimates. Ques-tions about how much the climate will warm, whether the effects will be linear or includetipping points that drastically change climate and cause sea level rise, the role of climatechange as a threat multiplier leading to conflict and government collapse, and the ways inwhich countries will adapt to rising numbers of potential migrants by closing or openingborders are all implicated in these estimates.
TLDR: It makes everything worse bozos
coping with the long-term integration of climate migrantsin the decades to come
This migration would have been internal, will it scale to international
argue that while climate migration will pose many chal-lenges, it also can be framed positively, and we can use what we know from migrationscholarship to craft policies and to further research that will lead to better outcomesfor both migrants and receiving communities
What are the good outcomes for receiving communities
successful integration of largenumbers of migrants fleeing climate change should be a toppriority not least because this success will help to preserve thesocial trust that is necessary for successful climate mitigationefforts
But you are actively fighting against the dominant american thought
is for richcountries to allocate extra visas to poorer countries that aresuffering the effects of climate migration, partly as reparations forclimate injustice.
Good fucking luck bro
Furthermore, TPS beneficiaries must reside and be physically present in the United States at the time ofa TPS designation to access protection
Hard to accomplish
TPSis a blanket form of humanitarian relief which allows qualifying nationals of designated countries toremain in the United States and obtain work authorization.
This I definitely agree with, and it does not seem as reliant on precedented legal definitions
facepersecution because of a lack of effective state protection
Persecution from who though?
provide access to a durablestatus, work authorization, and naturalization;
like asylum
While the asylum and refugeeprotection systems offer protection to some individuals impacted by climate change who have alsosuffered other persecution, there are no formal protection pathways for climate-displaced people underU.S. law. Temporary designations, such as humanitarian parole, do not offer a systemic response toprovide lasting protections to those displaced by climate change
The counter argument here is that it will sooooooo expand the definition of refugee ironically "opening the floodgates"
Jozef said that after HBA replaced the tents destroyed by theJanuary 2023 bomb cyclone, additional rain storms in late February 2023 destroyed the new tents
Climate change is both a multiplying factor for why families migrate as well a a direct reason why migrating itself is so difficult
migrants to cross dangerous terrain by foot, making them vulnerable to the adverseeffects of climate change along the journey to the United States-Mexico border
Vicious cycle
will further endanger asylumseekers and refugees, including those displaced in the context of climate change, by making themineligible for protection based solely on their manner of entry.
Talked about this in class
ransit through the country to reach the U.S.border,
Internal migration
asylum in 2015 after the government illegally appropriated their tribal lands,leaving them vulnerable to homelessness and gang violence
This is persecuation along the lines of a group so it makes them count as refugees
Several asylum seekers interviewed by the research teamreported that organized criminal groups had taken advantage of precarious conditions resulting fromclimate change to exploit their communities, including
Sort of like what the taliban is doing, you have to bend a knee to power but also the hand that feeds you
recruiting people no longer able to supportthemselves.
Climate change means that cartel life is sometimes the only choice for workers
pay extortion fees demanded by gangs controlling the area
crazy theme
The family fled after gang members killed the woman’s brother and uncle andkidnapped her husband.
This feels like maybe it could apply also maybe a particular social group could be those affected by a climate crisis
manner and to a degree amounting to persecution
Has to be particularistic
He toldthe research team that he had applied for government aid to rebuild his house, but that hisapplication was denied. “They left me with practically nothing,” he said.
But because the gov. is saying a blanket no its not persecution?
A Mexican woman fleeing an abusive partner reported that her riverside community wasflooded by heavy rains in 2022, forcing her to close her travel agency business and impeding herability to support her children. The woman noted that there were more storms that forced theclosure of local businesses in 2022 than ever before
This unfortunately defo does not count
threats by gang members who killed her son reportedthat floods from heavy rains over the past two years destroyed her home and heavily damagedthe family’s chicken farm, leaving them without an income.
Could this not qualify as a refugee status because of persecution
intersecting threats push people to seek safety across international borders.
Climate can create internal displacement which eventually spills over into international displacement
Adopt climate-specific protection and resettlement pathways
React purposefully to just this problem
he's just a big parrot
ah
Henry
son?
and while we took a certain joy inwatching her fall, it was disorienting to see her with so littleconfidence.
Hits a little close to home
"Remember to turn off and unplug after use."
She nuerotic
My sister's the type who religiously watches the fear segments of her local Eyewitness News broadcasts
She and the majority of the american people in fact
Whats interesting about this is what is said while not being said, like he never actually incriminates his father
omes arehighly reliant on the individual decision ma
Lots of human error then, or personal bias
edominantly conducted by an agenwhose fundamental mission has little to do with h
But instead with national security
an "era of redefinition" andthat asylum claims henceforth could be decided without any foreign-policyinfluence
Haha
ips. However, the administration was ultimately unsuccessful in preving the development of a policy regime based firmly in legal advocacy. Leglessons, strategies, and best practices from the early successes and failures ofHaitian advocates were passed to Central American advo
Surely in part this is just a backlash of having tried to swing the pendulum so far in the other direction
ommunist, the Reagan administration portrathe asylum seekers as economic migrants, not as po
Political
on clause. The Court concluded thatbecause the language of the statute did not discriminate based
Even though in practice it very much did?
85 found that "hostile statapplicants were 3491.4 percent more likely to obtain refugee status than wereapplicants from non-hostil
Still using refugees and asylum seekers as political tools
d: "We had a definition, but a lot of pressure not to ap
Yikes