The process of inserting drug molecules through the nose.

Following a path similar to the Brownian motion of small particles in fluid, which is random movement due to continuous collisions with the surrounding molecules in the fluid.

Coughed out from the throat or lungs.

Trapping something inside another object, or a capsule.

Here, encapsulation refers to trapping drug molecules inside the nanoparticle.

The process of combining different atoms, ions, or molecules to form one large molecule or ion due to electrostatic and/or hydrophobic interactions.

Steroid hormones that are produced in the kidneys or synthetically in the laboratory and can be used to treat inflammations.

Refers to the particles' ability to stay dispersed in a fluid without separating from the solution (precipitation) or forming big clusters (aggregation) within a period of time.

The diameter of a sphere that has the same hydrodynamic friction with that of the nanoparticle.

A form of bonding that does not involve the bonding between pairs of atoms.

Repelled by water molecules.

A polymer of two different polymer chains chemically bonded together in a specific order. For example, a linear diblock copolymer of the type A-B with 5 A monomers connected to 4 B monomers is a single chain A-A-A-A-A-B-B-B-B.

A polymer of three different polymer chains, which are chemically bonded together in a specific order. For example, a linear triblock copolymer of the type A-B-C with 5 A monomers connected to 4 B monomers connected to 5 C monomers is a single chain A-A-A-A-A-B-B-B-B-C-C-C-C-C.

Coated or surrounded in great extend by polymeric chains of poly(ethylene glycol).

CF stands for cystic fibrosis, a disease in the lungs.

Sputum is a mixture of saliva and mucus that is produced because of a disease, such as cystic fibrosis, and comes out of the the human body through the passage formed from the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs.

The joining of two or more chemical compounds.

Experiments taking place in test tubes, culture dishes, or other controlled environments outside of living organisms.

Experiments that take place in controlled external environments on tissues extracted from living organisms.

Experiments taking place inside living organisms.

To absorb and continue holding or keeping on a surface.

Have the ability to stick to mucus.

Mucus is a slimy substance that is produced in the human body (e.g. nose, throat, cervix) to protect and lubricate specific areas.

A pulmonary process is related to lung tissue.

Pulmonary drug delivery is the insertion of drug molecules to the human body through mouth to reach the lungs and treat lung-related diseases.