Geometric modeling is a branch of applied mathematics and computational geometry that studies methods and algorithms for the mathematical description of shapes

a twisting force that tends to cause rotation

fail to discharge medication appropriately

Less toxic metal that does not contain lead or cadmium. Instead, Field's metal contains indium.

https://socratic.org/questions/what-are-the-layers-of-the-gastrointestinal-tract-what-are-their-functions

https://fineartamerica.com/featured/3-stomach-wall-asklepios-medical-atlas.html

covering a large number and wide scope of subjects or areas

the ability to produce a desired or intended result.

Estimating

a small needle that is filled with medication

This is a set of things working together but existing and functioning independently.

This is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a reaction occurs.

Something that relates to heat

This is the measurement of a material's ability to conduct heat.

This is an approximate representation of the distribution of numerical data

the emission of light during a chemical reaction which does not produce significant quantities of heat.

This is the characterization of something under constant change, activity, or progress.

Investigation of the spectral make-up of surface-reflected radiation with respect to its angularly dependent intensity and the composition of the incident primary radiation.

This is a separation of disconnection between ideas, objects, etc.

Tying with a rope or chain to restrict movement of that which is being connected to. This often refers to two things being connect to one another.

An act or the power of moving from place to place.

made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

This is something that carries characteristics of exhibiting vigorous strength and health.

Allowing light, but not detailed shapes, to pass through; semitransparent.

This is a blend of recycled polymers and wood byproducts that exhibits the best characteristics of both the polymers and wood.

a measure of elasticity, equal to the ratio of the stress acting on a substance to the strain produced.

Essentially modifying and tweaking the colors and temperatures of the fluids based on the electromagnetic spectrum.

This is a object that produces electricity by a difference of temperatures. This can also be described as an object that involves the relation between temperature and electrical condition

This is something that is of or containing water, that is typically used as a solvent or medium. A substance could be dissolved in water, making it an aqueous solution.

is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water.

a tube with a nozzle and piston or bulb for sucking in and ejecting liquid in a thin stream, used for cleaning wounds or body cavities, or fitted with a hollow needle for injecting or withdrawing fluids.

This refers to being four-footed, where all four feet are used for walking and running. This can be seen in animals such as a dog or cat.

This is the modification of the wetting properties of a surface, typically hydrophobic, with an applied electric field.

Uses for electrowetting include applications on lenses, electronic displays, and separating oil-water mixtures.

Is a versatile principle that can be used for high speed actuation of liquid interfaces.

This is the ability to be extended or stretched.

Is a channel with a hydraulic (contains liquid) diameter below 1 mm.

This is something that is operated by or contains air or gas under pressure.

An example of this would be container holding pressurized air or gas.

the action of causing a machine or device to operate.

This comes from the electromagnetic spectrum, the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends, of visible light, which ranges from approximately 400nm to 700nm.

A solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects. One common semiconductor are silicon chips used in electronics.

Organisms that have a segmented body and jointed appendages, a usually chitinous exoskeleton molted at intervals, and a brain connected to a spinal cord.

Is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun.

This is the layers of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, color, and arrangement of the feathers.

These are iridescent chromatophores, and chromatophores are cells that produce color, of which many types are pigment-containing cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods.

This is a polymer, either natural or synthetic, that has elastic properties.

An example of this would be rubbers.

This is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part. The reason for why this part my be missing may be a result of many different reasons, but these devices are utilized with the intention to restore the normal functions of the missing body part.

Is the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single colour, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject.

To render invisible or unreadable, as by erasing or marking over

A form of light that is slightly above our visible light spectrum. Since it is not within our visible light spectrum, it is invisible to the naked eye, but it still provides useful applications in nature and everyday life such as remote controls for your television.

This is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or disguising them as something else.

A group or system that deals with the behavior, manipulation, and precise control of fluids that are constrained to a small scale. This often deals with objects that are measured to be in the tens to hundreds of micrometers.

A set of things working together that uses two or more steps to create a product. This is also chemically created to imitate an existing and natural set.

Materials belonging to this category include things made up by smaller units called monomers. However, this category contains many monomers arranged in a way that keeps the overall object flexible and non rigid.

This is the emission of light from an object that is not a result of heat, but a form of cold-body radiation.

This is the production and emission of light by a living organism.

Stomach tissue walls

Denotes a drug's method of entry or delivery into a biological system (the body)

in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism

The features or properties of motion in an object without reference to the forces that cause the motion

MATLAB is a "matrix laboratory" software used for calculations and programming

To reduce something

Gradual bend

Sharp bend

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/61NWKipSclL._AC_SX450_.jpg

Non-fermentable semi-synthetic dietary fibre, based on cellulose.

Substance consisting of very large molecules composed of many repeating subunits.

Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter.

Cone shaped structure.

Biomaterial with a high molecular weight.

The ratio of the average mass of one molecule of an element to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon.

A protective tube used during endoscopy.

A procedure used to look inside the body and examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity.

Process performed within a living organism.

Experimentation done on tissue from an organism in an external environment with minimal alteration of natural conditions.

The inner lining of organs and body cavities such as the stomach.

A thin, clear, acidic fluid secreted by the stomach glands.

The state of being thick and semifluid in consistency.

A deviation from a regular pattern, path, or level of operation.

A twisting force that causes rotation.

A deformed sphere.

Oral subchronic toxicity refers to adverse effects occurring after repeated administration of a test sample.

Involuntary movements of the longitudinal and circular muscles, primarily in the digestive tract but occasionally in other hollow tubes of the body, that occur in progressive wavelike contractions

Acute oral toxicity refers to adverse effects following oral administration of a single dose of a substance.

An object which has only one unstable point of balance.

Will not break down within the body

The ability for a liquid to diffuse (pass through) a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Blockage

Any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used in the manufacture of a drug product and that, when used in the production of a drug, becomes a functional ingredient in the drug product

Intended to minimize the volume and footprint of a device while still maintaining all necessary components

The open space within a tube-shaped body part

An early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process.

The action of causing a machine or device to operate.

Uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sarthak_Misra/publication/221066806/figure/fig1/AS:668941462552581@1536499481459/Conventional-gastroscopy-The-physician-uses-the-endoscope-control-handle-to-steer-the.png

Process that is taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism.

Put (something) forward as a proposed explanation for a phenomenon

Food emptying from the stomach and entering the small intestine

https://www.steris.com/-/media/us-endoscopy-images/endoscope-devices/carr-locke_injection_needle_300.ashx

An cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes an important metabolic reaction.

A physician who studies the function of the GI tract

An enzyme that catalyzes the destruction of the cell walls of certain bacteria.

A technique used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, to provide information of the chemical structure

Second most common marine grade stainless steel.

The ability of a substance to flow easily

Regrow

A particle of matter that is between 1 and 100 nanometres in diameter

Substances which promote the absorption of drug through the skin temporarily by enhancing the skin permeability over time

A stage of research that begins before human trials can begin

Connections between cells that prevent the passage of molecules and ions through the space between membranes of touching cells

An enzyme (a biological catalyst) which breaks down proteins and peptides

A value showing how acidic or how basic something is

A disease often called sugar diabetes because the condition makes it difficult to convert food to energy. This leads to high sugar levels in the blood

Biodegradable polyester with a low melting point of around 60°C.

the removal of contaminants from something

Difference

The ability of a drug or other substance to be absorbed and used by the body

Through the mouth

Empty stomach

millimeter scale pillars

Situated or applied under the skin

Plasma is a yellowish liquid component of blood that holds the blood cells of whole blood in suspension. It is the liquid part of the blood that carries cells and proteins throughout the body.

A hormone produced in the pancreas which regulates the amount of sugar in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.

A simulation software to create accurate models

In a living organism

A hole made by puncturing or piercing

The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities

Relating to the stomach

Relating to medicinal drugs, or their preparation, use, or sale

Fluid that aids digestion

A common sugar

A sugar substitute

The movement of drugs within the body

A surgical operation for making an opening in the stomach

A surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, for diagnosis or in preparation for surgery

Under the skin

Pneumoperitoneum is the presence of air or a gas in the abdominal cavity. It is usually detected using an x-ray or a CT scan.

Cavity that houses the stomach and gut

The layer of connective tissue that lays under the mucous membrane

3D imaging technique using x-rays to see the inside of an object by viewing it slice by slice

Maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched before it breaks

Measure of the ability of a material to withstand changes in length when under tension; how easily the material is bent or stretched

The process of a solute dissolving in a solvent to form a solution

The study of the microscopic structures of tissues

Having all the moisture removed; dried out

Acting independently; the ability to act without instruction

To find the correct position in reference to the surroundings

Widespread

becoming widely spread

Occuring or administered elsewhere in the body other than the mouth

The GI tract is a series of hollow organs that form a long tube from the mouth to the anus. The organs within the tract include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

Biomacromolecules are the building blocks of life. The different macromolecules are: Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids. Each of these macromolecules are responsible for different biological functions within the body and the cells

A method of numerically solving differential equations for mathematical modeling.

The problem is broken into smaller, finite elements that can be expressed as algebraic equations. These equations can can then be assembled into a larger system of equations that models the entire problem.

In essence, this is a measurement of how stiff a material is.

It can be equated as E = stress / strain.

The property of a material to be compatible with living tissue. Materials that trigger a toxic or immune response when exposed to the body are NOT biocompatible.

One of the most common methods of spectroscopy. The sample is exposed to infrared light and data is collected to determine how much light is absorbed or released by the sample.

To convert the raw data into an actual spectrum, a Fourier transform must be performed.

Thermoset: applying heat to harden or cure the material. This creates the matrix encapsulating the device.

Thanks to the healing ability of the polyimine and the liquid nature of the eutectic LM circuitry, bonds can be reformed and reshaped throughout the device.

Upon thermosetting, dynamic covalent bonds are formed between the atoms that can readily assemble and disassemble. This gives the polyimines their unique healing ability.

An electrocardiogram sensor records the pathway of electrical impulses throughout the heart. This data can be used to monitor the heart's condition and response to physical exertion.

A reaction that converts an -imine compound into smaller monomers/oligomers. The researchers discovered this reaction to be useful for separating the chip components and LM from the matrix by solubilizing the these monomers/oligomers in methanol.

Chemically engineered materials have been integrated into the electronics that allow the device to self-repair even after multiple breaks.

This device utilizes a material called polyimine that repairs itself through bond exchange reactions.

Eutectic: a mixture of substances that melts and solidifies totally at the same temperature, which is lower than the melting points of the individual constituents.

Eutectic LM: A mixture of liquid metals.

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 8). RT @lakens: @BrianNosek @SLLancaster @siminevazire @hardsci Very cool—And it already has a list of glossaries to build on https://t.co/c9… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1359042653539741696

the process by which bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally transferred from one substance or object to another, with harmful effect.

Definición de inflamación

Definición etimológica

Movement of genes from one species into the gene pool of another species by the repeated crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents.

Where a single nucleotide base is changed, which results in a different amino acid.

body copy, body text

A part of Earth’s interior that lies between the dense, extremely hot core and the thin outer layer, known as the crust. It is made up of a thick, rocky shell that constitutes 84% of Earth’s volume. In geologic time, it behaves as a viscous fluid.

Both ocean island basalts and continental plume-related basalts come from deep within the mantle. OIBs intruded into oceanic (basaltic) crust, whereas continental plumes intrude into continental crust (for example, Deccan traps in India).

This is a high-pressure and high-temperature polymorph (version) of quartz.

This is an anatomical term which refers to the front of the body, or near the head.

In the case of planaria, it refers to the head.

This is anatomical term which refers to the back of the body, or near the hind end of the body.

In the case of planaria, it refers to the the hind end.

Janus was a Roman god and doorkeeper to the heavens. Relevant here, Janus was usually depicted with two heads, one facing the past and the other towards the future.

Here, protrusions refer to bulges of cells.

Refers to the outer edge.

A series of linked chemical pathways in which one chemical in the series activates another chemical in the pathway, which ultimately leads to a specific cell function.

Adenomatous polyposis coli, or APC, is gene that plays many roles, including acting as a tumor suppressor. APC has also been found to play a role in cell division and directing cells where to go once division takes place. In order to do its job, APC directs β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway.

Read more in the Journal of Cell Science. The PDF is also available in the "Related content" tab.

A mechanism used by both plant and animal cells to silence a gene using a double-stranded DNA molecule. DNA is converted into the smaller RNAi molecules used to turn genes off. Scientists are now able to use this natural process to turn off genes they are studying so they can learn more about their function.

This is an image depicting this common planarian.

A second exposure to the same threat. The immune system is, under certain conditions, able to remember threats it has encountered before and react to them more quickly and effectively upon each subsequent exposure.

The antigen-binding fragment of antibody, i.e. the domain which binds specifically to the target of the antibody.

Latin for "in the glass." That is, experiments done in test tubes, not in organisms.

White blood cells central to adaptive immunity. T cells are able to recognize when cells are diseased and can kill them so they don't spread throughout the body.

This family of proteins is employed to activate neurons by driving cations (including sodium, calcium, hydrogen, and potassium) into the cell and causing the membrane potential to become more positive, leading to depolarization.

Halorhodopsins and bacteriorhodopsins typically inactivate neurons by driving chloride ions into the cell or hydrogen ions out of the cell and causing the membrane potential to become more negative, leading to hyperpolarization.

A positive ion like hydrogen (H+), sodium (Na+), or potassium (K+).

A tube inserted into the body to facilitate the delivery of fluids or materials to a specific region.

A group of nuclei located at the base of the forebrain that is responsible for motor control and cognition.

Major component of the basal ganglia that targets the substantia nigra.

Opposite the lesion.

A subregion of the midbrain responsible for motor control.

Progressive loss of function of neurons, usually a result of neuron death.

A graphical representation (usually lines through a point on the graph that run parallel to one of the axes) showing the amount of uncertainty there is in the location of that point. All scientific data collection includes uncertainty; error bars allow researchers to show how confident they are in their results. Large error bars mean there is a lot of uncertainty (lower confidence), whereas smaller error bars mean there is less uncertainty.

A statistical term, the Greek letter beta, refers to the probability that you can accept the null hypothesis (which states that values affirmation has no effect) when in fact the null hypothesis is wrong.

The difference in performance (for example, on standardized tests) between minority students and white students.

Any form of an exam that requires all people taking the test to answer the same questions and is scored the same way in all cases, so that comparisons can be made between all people who take the test. These are typically multiple choice tests taken by large populations of students (for example: all 8th grade students in the United States).

Any outside force (real or perceived) that challenges a person's values, beliefs, or sense of self.

Stereotype (or identity) threat is a subset of psychological threat in which a person feels they will be judged according to common prejudices about some aspect of their identity (for example: race, ethnicity, or gender).