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    1. the USA and the UK have also introduced their initiatives, namely Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims “Green Guides” [51] and “Green claims code” [52], respectively. They all collectively aim to minimalize the advantage that the companies which practice greenwashing

      This section identifies severe legal and regulatory risks in advertising. Under frameworks like the US Green Guides and the UK Green Claims Code, brands making unsubstantiated or false ecological statements face strict legal enforcement, consumer fraud lawsuits, and massive financial penalties for deceptive marketing.

    2. the conventional definition of corporate hypocrisy is focused on decoupling talk and actions [33]. The biggest paradox is the fact that it is done by brands with high corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards.

      Serious ethical violations occur when a structural gap exists between a fashion brand's green rhetoric and its actual operational practices (decoupling). Resorting to greenwashing tools while advertising high CSR standards highlights corporate dishonesty, misleads public perception, and erodes consumer green trust.

    3. in their daily practice, they use ambiguous terms, keywords (e.g., eco-, organic, no chemicals, and sustainable), and strategies to cause false marketing messages.

      The use of broad, buzzword-heavy environmental terms like "eco-" or "sustainable" without standardized definitions or transparent supply chain data is a clear manifestation of linguistic vagueness. This advertising strategy deliberately exploits positive consumer associations to fabricate a green image while omitting actual product footprints.

    4. Greenwashing actions are industry claims over synthetic fibers' sustainability or promotion of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in new textile materials

      Marketing recycled plastic bottles (PET) as a definitive step toward "sustainable fashion" is highly misleading. This practice functions as a sustainability decoy that obscures the larger environmental harm of fast fashion, completely ignoring the industry's failure to implement genuine, circular fiber-to-fiber recycling.