Promotion of human rights includes:

1. Monitoring abuses of human rights
2. Obtaining redress for the victims of human rights abuse
3. Relieving need among the victims of human rights abuse
4. Researching into human rights issues
5. Educating the public about human rights.

I think technical cooperation effectively includes prevention of suffering, discrimination and marginalization, and conflict prevention.

I think the economic recovery in this region will depend on global energy demand, international tourism, and the extent of the recovery of domestic demand on the financial support but it will recover slowly and reach pre-crisis levels only after 2022.

Because according to World Bank in its twice-a-year regional update (2021), many businesses need to make up for lost revenue and millions of workers, most of them in the informal sector, still reeling from job losses, falling incomes, worsening inequalities, and human capital deficits.

I think that the rebound of the economy of China will be achieved with a strong effort in the direction of implementing China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP) to raise productivity and incomes and lead to more balanced, consumption-driven, and environmentally sustainable growth.

The Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the DSSI is an agreement of the G20 and Paris Club countries to coordinate and cooperate on debt treatments for up to 73 low-income countries eligible for the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI). For example, Sudan was also a concern, although it could get debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries under an existing initiative.

For example, managing the return of migrants from high-risk countries such as Iran create an additional strain in the public health situation due to rising poverty levels across the region .

COVID-19 vaccination rollout must reach women, men, and gender-diverse people quickly and efficiently through: Equitable distribution is essential for widening the vaccines’ protective reach to curb COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Lessen the existing burden on health systems.

Women entrepreneurship can be achieved through applying:

1. A small number of initiatives invest in women-led ventures in exchange for an equity stake to attract more women, investors, and advisors, into venture capital and business angel networks.

2.Form women-led networks to invest in women-owned enterprises.

3.Facilitate access to finance for women and address market failures, including information asymmetries and financing gaps

To achieve gender equality at putting in place gender strategies:

1. Investing in the care economy because the health, social work, and education sectors are important generators of jobs, especially for women, by encouraging a more even division of work at home between women and men
2. Eliminating violence and harassment in the world of work.
3. Promoting equal pay for work of equal value.
4. Promoting women’s participation in decision-making bodies, social dialogue, and social partner institutions.

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), there will be 13 million fewer women in employment in 2021 compared to 2019. Women have suffered disproportionate job and income losses because of their over-representation in the hardest-hit sectors, such as accommodation and food services and manufacturing.

Girls are particularly vulnerable when schools close for long periods. Many estimations that 10 million more secondary school-age girls could be out of school after the COVID-19 crisis has passed because the burden of care often falls on women.

Governments have to reimagine education systems by reimagining the way students learn, looking after all students’ health and well-being, and being digitally connected.

According to the researchers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found, Until 2020, the birth rate had been declining about 2% a year, but that rate dropped to 4% with the pandemic's start.

1.Globally, even before the COVID-19 pandemic began, 1 in 3 women experienced physical or sexual violence, primarily by an intimate partner.

1. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been an increase in calls to domestic violence helplines in many countries.

2. The global cost of violence against women had been estimated at approximately USD 1.5 trillion.

An International Trade Centre survey on COVID-19 impact among businesses in 136 countries in 2020 has shown that nearly 62% of women-led small businesses have been strongly affected by the crisis, compared to just over half of firms led by men.

The Swift and bold actions by central banks to address severe market stress have boosted market sentiment, including in emerging markets, where asset purchases have been deployed in several countries for the first time, helping bring about the easing in financial conditions. On the other hand, there were high levels of debt in many countries that could not be unmanageable for some borrowers. It resulted in many insolvencies for many banks and financial instability in their emerging markets.

According to the World Bank, The metal and agricultural commodities that have recouped their losses from the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to make modest gains in 2021 that will stabilize the energy prices for some recovery with no expected to stabilize below pre-pandemic levels.

According to the Century Foundation and the Center for American Progress report, in October 2020, Four times as many women as men dropped out of the labor force September 2020. Roughly 865,000 women compared with 216,000 men.

For Example, In African countries, There are many policies implemented to support industries in response to COVID-19 such as Tax deregulation and deferral as well as debt payment relief measures.

According to UNWTO(202), The tourism sector is expected to recover faster in countries with high vaccination rates, such as France, Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, but it will not arrive at levels of pre-COVID-19 until 2023 or later because of many barriers such as travel restrictions, slow containment of the virus, low traveler confidence and a poor economic environment.

Brazil is plagued by deep inequality; the pandemic has hit the favelas suffering from the lack of running water, poor sanitation, and cramped housing.

During health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, violence against women tends to increase because of stress, the disruption of social and protective networks, loss of income, and decreased access to services.

The MDGs were developed out of several commitments set forth in the Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000. It addressed social problems such as hunger, education, equality, MCH and communicable diseases.

I think the ignorance is ​not the only reason for environmental degradation in quality and quantity of natural resources; modern urbanization, industrialization, over-population growth, and deforestation are also.

I think the ecological culture refers to creating a suitable living environment and meeting the needs of healthy living, development, and people's progress.

I think this sentence refers to that countries must often develop their legal and political institutions and adapt imported institutions to reflect their local cultures.

The pareto-efficient situation in an economy :

1.The efficiency of distribution of commodities among consumers (efficiency in exchange)

2.The efficiency of the allocation of factors among firms (efficiency of production)

3.The efficiency in the allocation of factors among commodities (efficiency in the product-mix or composition of output).

To achieve sustainable self-development : Through conserving nature, food production, forestry development, land and resource management, ecotourism, climate change, and disaster risk reduction.

The goals of SDGs deal with issues directly related to Indigenous Peoples, such as ending poverty, ensuring human rights and inclusion for all, ensuring good governance, preventing conflict, and ensuring environmental sustainability.

Applying neo-Malthusian aims to achieve the resources integrities with the needs for current and future human populations

The Green Revolution resulted in increased production of food grains (especially wheat and rice)

(High yielding variety (HYV) of seeds)

For example, bio-engineered seeds worked in conjunction with chemical fertilizers and heavy irrigation to increase crop yields.

Does it mean that Capitalists have an economic incentive to invest in energy renewal, sustainable agriculture, reduce waste and pollution, or reuse resources only if it is profitable?

To consider safety, health, the environment and product quality. For example, the global chemical industry's environmental, health and safety (EHS) initiative to improve the continuous performance and the productivity

I think it relates to maintaining What we are doing in applying the development strategies and projects to avoid the long-term depletion of natural resources and limit the destruction of the environment to reach a level that can be managed.

Maximize happiness and well-being for all affected individuals

Strong sustainability implies that any other capital cannot replace natural capital.

On the other hand, weak sustainability assumes that man-made capital can be replaced with natural capital.

The SDGs indicators include goal 10 refers to reducing Inequality related to the neoliberal world to achieve market-oriented reform policies such as eliminating price controls, deregulating capital markets, and lowering trade barriers without determining solutions for solving the issue of social control over the capital.

Trade liberalization can help combat climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy by encouraging innovation, investing in low-carbon production, and making environmental goods and services more affordable.

Post-structuralism is an intellectual movement that had sway over the interpretation of language and texts in the humanities and the study of economies and cultures in the social sciences.

I think Marxism and ecological transition are entirely different movements because Marxism is related to class relations, and the ecological transition is related to humans and the environment.

but at the recent decades, with the efforts of the socialist thinkers who give importance to the ecological sustainability approach, the Marxists add to their strategies quality of life, human solidarity, and ecological sensibility beside their basic concepts of need rather than profit and equality. .