I find it’s best to focus initially on prompts about basic details you can build on: raw facts, terms, notation, etc.

that doesn’t mean the idea will spontaneously occur to you when it’s useful.

Significance and implications: Why does stock matter? What does it suggest? Make the concept personally meaningful.

Causes and effects: What does stock do? What causes it to do that? What doesn’t it do? When is it used?

Similarities and differences: Knowing what stock is requires knowing what relates and distinguishes it from other adjacent concepts.

Attributes and tendencies: What makes stock, stock? What’s always, sometimes, and never true of stock?

Procedures can often be broken down into keywords like this. What are the important verbs, and when should you move between them? What are the key adjectives, adverbs, subjects, objects?

This prompt doesn’t require you to retrieve any knowledge about chicken stock: there’s only one vegetable which rhymes with “parrots.”

One good strategy is to create a set of questions which require you to fill in a missing element of the list:

To organize our efforts, it’s helpful to ask: what would it mean to “know” this material? I’d suggest that someone who “knows” this material should:

hese prompts have accelerated my development of a deeply satisfying ability: to show up at the market, choose what looks great in that moment, and improvise a complex meal with confidence.

I’d cooked fairly seriously for about a decade before I began to use spaced repetition, and of course I naturally internalized many core techniques and ratios.

Retrieval practice prompts should produce consistent answers,

translation metaphor

“testing effect”

improved recall translated into improved general understanding and problem-solving ability.

to make inferences

Prompt design is task design

With a few retrievals strategically spaced over time, you can effectively halt forgetting.

Such fantasies probably came from playing too many video games. But the feelings I have when using spaced repetition systems are strikingly similar. At their best, these systems feel like magic.This guide assumes basic familiarity with spaced repetition systems. For an introduction, see Michael Nielsen, Augmenting Long-term Memory (2018), which is also the source of the phrase “makes memory a choice.” Memory ceases to be a haphazard phenomenon, something you hope happens: spaced repetition systems make memory a choice. Used well, they can accelerate learning, facilitate creative work, and more. But like in my childhood daydreams, these wonders unfold only when you press just the right sequence of keys, producing just the right incantation. That is, when you manage to write good prompts—the questions and answers you review during practice sessions.

Pour la première fois, un monument a fait l’objet de calculs mathématiques afin d’évaluer les poussées et la résistance des matériaux. On avait même construit à cet effet une machine à écraser les pierres. Pour tenter de consolider la structure, toutes les pierres ont été armées avec des agrafes en fer[17].

$63,000