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This is something that if a friend said, I would worry. It is saying is sleep, death, better than living. Saying that are the troubles of life better. I say the troubles of life are better. See the beauty in life. Stay motivated!
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heart-ache
stress this word
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slings and arrows
metaphor for bad things that come with fortune
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'tis
is?
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1) Peasants who work (agricultural labor), 2) Clergy who pray, and 3) Nobles who fight (and rule).
The three estates in European feudal society were 1. Peasants, 2. Clergy, 3. Nobles
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The narrator (Make sure to differentiate between Chaucer the Writer and the character he's created for this story, Chaucer the Pilgrim) meets 29 pilgrims at an inn and travels with them on a fictitious pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket in Canterbury. They decide to have a contest: whoever can tell the best tale wins a dinner at the inn when they get back, courtesy of the other travelers.
Contest to see who could write the best tale wins a dinner at the inn when they get back
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Chaucer showed all perspectives, from the wealthy to the poor. He was from a middle class family himself and used his experience watching a variety of people in all walks of life at his father's merchant docks and shops, as well as traveling, to give a true depiction of these very different characters.
showed all perspectives and wrote how all people talked, not just the great men of the time.
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One of the greatest contributions of The Canterbury Tales, besides a real-life glimpse into everyday medieval people, is that it is written in the common vernacular of England, spoken by the populace, and is one of the first in mainstream literature, as opposed to being written in the normal "high born" and church languages of French, Italian or Latin. It is also famous for depicting a cross-section of the types of people at the time. Interestingly, it is also a great character study that satirizes society, culture, religion, and government.
One of the first literature to use common vernacular
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Canterbury Tales is a frame story in that it is a man (presumably Chaucer himself, but never named in the story)
Possibly Chaucer
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mixed with French and Latin
mix of French and Latin
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After Christianity starts to mingle with older, pagan religions in England, we start to see a mixing of traditions and a shift from the focus on strength, power, and pride to a shift in the Christian ideals of humility and service.
Mixing of traditions, shift to Christian ideals
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- Sep 2024
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Hero- Beowulf Hero Qualities- Bravery, Strength, Generosity, Loyalty, Honesty. Allusions- Biblical Allusions
In "Beowulf," there are several Christian allusions that reflect the possible Christian influence of the Beowulf Poet. One significant allusion is the connection between Grendel and the biblical figure of Cain. Grendel is described as a descendant of Cain, the first murderer according to the Bible. This allusion establishes Grendel as a figure of inherent evil and chaos, aligning him with the concept of sin and punishment in Christian theology. Grendel’s lineage is marked by his exile from God’s favor, reflecting the idea of divine retribution for wrongdoing.
Chaos vs. Order Chaos- Chaos in "Beowulf" is represented by the monsters Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. These creatures are forces of destruction and evil that disrupt the social order and harmony of the human world. Grendel, in particular, brings terror and disorder to Hrothgar’s hall, a place that should be filled with joy and camarad
Restoration of Order- Restored by Beowulf by destroying monsters, Grendel, Grendel's Mother, and Dragon.
Being Remembered: The Traits of a Good King
Hrothgar, the Danish king, exemplifies several traits of a good king as described in the epic:
Generosity: Hrothgar is known for his generosity, especially in rewarding Beowulf for his heroism. He distributes treasure and gifts to his warriors and allies. Beating Other Tribes: Hrothgar's reign is marked by peace and prosperity rather than conquest. His leadership is more focused on maintaining stability and alliance rather than expanding territory. Paying Tribute for Peace: While Hrothgar does not engage in paying tribute in the direct sense, his wisdom and efforts to secure peace are evident. Earning Loyalty: Hrothgar earns loyalty through his just and benevolent rule, fostering strong bonds with his subjects. Having a Son: Hrothgar has no sons who are explicitly mentioned to succeed him, which is a concern he expresses in his speeches to Beowulf about the need for a worthy successor.
Beowulf’s Legacy
At his death, Beowulf is depicted as a good king. He has successfully ruled his kingdom for fifty years, maintaining peace and order. His final act of bravery in fighting the dragon, even though it results in his death, reflects his dedication to his people and his enduring legacy. He is mourned by his people, and his story is celebrated, indicating that he has achieved the ultimate goal of creating a lasting legacy and being remembered as a great and noble leader.
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Mead or meade, is an alcoholic beverage usually made from fermented yeast and honey. It predates beer and wine by a few thousand years! It was so highly thought of that the Vikings named their halls after it!
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Warriors would usually boast in the great hall, called a "mead-hall", right before fighting in battle.
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A "bēot" is a ritualized boast and a vow. The point is to proclaim one's greatness and also one's acceptance of a challenge that seems impossible in order to gain glory through the ages in song and stories.
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Great people of that culture were expected to stand out in brave deeds and to openly boast about it! They called the boast a bēot. (Pronounced bee-ote)
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Beowulf himself is a "Geat", which are a people from what is now Sweden, also a Viking society.
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www.history.org.uk www.history.org.uk
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Key concepts Invasion Settlement Heathens Christianity Monastic life Kingdom Chronicle English
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7. Wessex (West Saxons), later the kingdom of King Alfred, the only English king ever to have been called ‘the Great', and his equally impressive grandson, Athelstan, the first who could truly call himself ‘King of the English'.
King Alfred, only english King to be called "the Great," and his equally impressive Grandson, Athelstan, first who could truly call himself "King of the English"
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5. Essex (East Saxons). Here the famous Battle of Maldon was fought against the Vikings in 991.
Battle of Maldon against the Vikings in 991
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3. Northumbria, where the monk Bede (c. 670-735) lived and wrote his Ecclesiastical History of Britain.
Monk Bede wrote his Ecclesiastical History of Britain
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2. Mercia, whose best-known ruler, Offa, built Offa's Dyke along the border between Wales and England. This large kingdom stretched over the Midlands.
Offa, built Offa's Dyke along border between Wales and England, stretched over the Midlands
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1. Kent, settled by the Jutes. Ethelbert of Kent was the first Anglo-Saxon king to be converted to Christianity, by St Augustine around 595 AD.
First to be converted to Christianity
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