Oscar Wilde: Overview Born: 1854 in Dublin, Ireland Key Movement: Promoted the Aesthetic Movement ("art for art's sake") Known for being a "dandy" – fashionable, witty, and flamboyant One of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London Imprisoned in 1895 for "gross indecency" due to homosexual relationships Died: 1900 in Paris, France Famous Wilde Quotes: "To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all." "I have nothing to declare except my genius." "Experience is simply the name we give our mistakes." "A man can be happy with any woman as long as he does not love her." "One should always be in love. That is the reason why one should never marry." "Art is the most intense form of individualism that the world has known." Wilde's Major Works: Poetry:

Poems (1891) The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898) Fairy Tales:

The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888) The House of Pomegranates (1891) Novel:

The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) Plays:

Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892) A Woman of No Importance (1893) The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) Salomé (1893) The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) Setting: Late Victorian England Main Characters:

Ernest Worthing (actually named Jack): A young aristocrat who creates an alter ego, "Ernest," for his escapades. Algernon Moncrieff: Another young aristocrat who also leads a double life. Plot:

The characters assume false identities, leading to humorous misunderstandings. Marriage is a central theme, mocked as a hypocritical social institution, often used for social advancement. The play satirizes Victorian social norms and exposes the absurdities of aristocratic life. Themes & Concepts: Irony: The central paradox is the difference between being "Ernest" (honest) and "earnest" (sincere). None of the characters are truly truthful. Marriage: Satirized as a social tool rather than a romantic institution, often depicted as absurd and hypocritical. Social Hypocrisy: Wilde critiques the superficiality and materialism of the Victorian aristocracy. False Identities: The characters’ use of false identities highlights the theme of deception and social pretension. Characters: Lady Bracknell: Embodies the stereotypical Victorian aristocrat—arrogant, concerned with social status, and materialistic. Comedy of Manners: The play is a "comedy of manners", a genre focused on the behaviors and hypocrisies of high society. Key Insights on Wilde's Work: Wilde’s plays, especially The Importance of Being Earnest, are a satire of Victorian norms, especially marriage, morality, and social status. Irony and wit are central to Wilde’s style, often revealing contradictions within the society he critiques. Aestheticism: Wilde’s emphasis on art for art’s sake and his rejection of moral didacticism are evident in his works.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) Background: Born: 1806 in Durham, England. Family: 1st daughter of wealthy parents (owned sugar plantations in Jamaica). Education: Home-schooled, avid reader of history, philosophy, and literature. Father: Stern, protective, and tyrannical—forbade his children to marry. Tough Times: At age 15, developed a serious respiratory ailment and suffered a spinal injury from a horse-riding accident. Mother died; family business faltered. Moved to Italy with her brother, but he drowned in a sailing accident a year later. Returned to London, ill, emotionally broken, and grief-stricken; became reclusive for 5 years. A Love Story: Published Poems in 1844, praising Robert Browning. Over 20 months, exchanged 574 letters with Robert Browning. 1845: Robert Browning sent her a telegram: "I love your verses... and I love you too." Father strongly opposed the relationship; kept it secret. Eloped in 1846, but father never forgave her. Woman with a Cause: The Brownings moved to Italy where she lived the rest of her life. Wrote about Italian politics, slavery, child labor, male domination, and women's intellectual freedom. Popularity decreased due to her controversial topics but remained well-read across Europe. Died in Florence in 1861. Robert Browning (1812-1889) Background: Influenced by Percy Shelley. Became an atheist and liberal at 14, later distanced from these views. Early career: Less appreciated than his wife, Elizabeth Barrett (often called "Elizabeth Barrett’s husband"). Later rival of Lord Alfred Tennyson. Known for dramatic monologue. Dramatic Monologue: A form of writing that offers insight into the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of the speaker. Browning perfected this form. Allows readers to understand events from the speaker’s perspective, with truth and reality often fluctuating. "My Last Duchess": Setting: Late Italian Renaissance. Speaker: Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. Duchess: Lucrezia di Cosimo de’ Medici (his late wife). Themes: Power: The Duke’s control over the Duchess. Control: His attempt to dominate her even in death. Influence: The Duke’s view of how his wife should behave. Absence of Love: The Duke's emotional detachment from the Duchess. Irony: The Duke’s regard for the Duchess is superficial and possessive. The Duke’s view of self: He sees himself as an authority figure, but his actions reveal insecurity. Poem as Art: The Duke values art, reflected in his art collection, including a painting of Neptune taming a sea monster, which parallels his control over the Duchess. The Duchess is seen as an object, idealized and controlled, fitting the "saint" vs. "whore" trope in art and literature. Women in Art: Historically viewed as objects to be admired and controlled (in literature, music, painting, sculpture). The female figure is often idealized or perfected by men. Two dominant stereotypes: "Saint" (pure, virtuous) vs. "Whore" (degraded, sexualized).

The Victorian Age Victorian Age 1837-1901 •“Victorian” literally describes things & events from the reign of Queen Victoria •England’s longest reigning queen, ruling from 1837 to 1901 •Reflected Queen's own ethics= prudish, repressed, & old fashioned •Often think of sobriety, hard work, & joyless abstinence from worldly pleasures Victorian era • Refers to the time during the reign of Queen Victoria • Characterized by English imperialism (England was rapidly expanding) • Time of rigid morals & repressed sexuality • Reading became a new past time because theatre regarded as “immoral” • Homosexual behavior regarded as a criminal offense - writers like Oscar Wilde sentenced to hard labor for engaging in “homosexual activities” Key Factors of Change: • Advancements in Technology • The Industrial Revolution • The Growth of the British Empire • Scientific Discovery • Questioning of Religious Authority • Mandatory Education and Increased Literacy LITERACY and LITERATURE • Literacy increased significantly • In 1837, about half the male adult population could read and write to some extent; by the end of the century, basic literacy was universal. • Compulsory national education- requires children to attend school until the age of ten • Steam-powered printing presses allowed publishers to print more material more cheaply than ever 19th Century novel • Novel- the leading form of literature in the Victorian age • high point of British literature • Famous Victorian writers include: the Bronte sisters, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Charles Dickens, Oscar Wilde, and Lewis Carroll Victorian Poetry • Bridge between the earlier “Romantics” and the modernist poets of the 20th Century • Several important poets include Elizabeth Barrett Browning and her husband, Robert Browning • Features a resurgence of Medieval interests blended with contemporary concerns

The Romantic Period (1785-1830) Overview Timeframe: Late 18th century to 19th century Cultural Shift: Rejection of the Age of Enlightenment (focus on reason). Key Features of Romanticism Focus Areas:

Nature Emotion Symbolism The sublime (awe-inspiring experiences) Characteristics:

Spontaneity: Emphasis on imagination and personal expression. Individual Experience: Authenticity derived from feelings and intuition. Key Themes in Romantic Poetry Emotions:

Authenticity through feeling and personal experience. Importance of intuition. Nature:

Themes of time, love, death, art, and religion. Settings depicted as picturesque and exotic; celebrating the uncivilized and uncorrupted. The Sublime:

Incorporation of the supernatural. Themes that evoke mystery, darkness, and mysticism. Language:

Simple, direct language that conveys the poet’s feelings. Use of figurative language: imagery, metaphors, and similes. Early Romantics: William Blake Overview:

First-generation Romantic poet known for visionary works. Authored Songs of Innocence and Experience, exploring "two Contrary States of the Human Soul." Artistic Contributions:

Developed illuminated plates as both painter and engraver. Influenced many subsequent Romantic poets. Rejected common conventions and was considered ahead of his time.

Restoration to 18th Century Notes Restoration and the Glorious Revolution Death of Cromwell: Leads to political instability. Charles II's Return: Parliament invites him to rule, marking the start of the Restoration. Initial Anarchy: Political turmoil follows; Charles II serves as a "figurehead." James II's Absolute Rule: Attempts to restore Catholicism create insecurity in Parliament. William of Orange's Intervention: Invited to intervene, leading to the Glorious Revolution (bloodless). The Bill of Rights: Establishes Parliament as the de facto ruler, with the king as titular head, ending conflict between king and Parliament. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) Background: Irish author, clergyman, and master of satire. Faced hardships: father died, raised in poverty by an uncle. Moved to England during the Glorious Revolution. Career Highlights: Became an Anglican priest. Wrote political tracts, poems, and notable satirical works. Notable Works: A Modest Proposal: Satirical essay addressing poverty in Ireland. Gulliver’s Travels: Most popular work, blending adventure with social critique. A Tale of a Tub: Another significant satire. Themes: Ranges from love/beauty to death/revenge; darker tones reflect personal struggles. A Modest Proposal (1729) Overview: Addresses poverty and overpopulation in Ireland through an absurd proposal. Key Elements: Humor: Uses absurdity to draw attention. Criticism: Critiques societal neglect of the poor. Moral Voice: Presents a moral argument ironically. Irony and Sarcasm: Highlights the ridiculousness of the proposal. Taboo Topics: Engages with sensitive issues to provoke discussion. Five Elements of Satire Ridicule: Makes subjects seem absurd, inviting scorn and amusement. Seriousness: Addresses significant societal issues humorously. Problem Identification: Aims to highlight and correct flaws in society. Mock-Heroic Tone: The speaker may be oblivious to their own absurdity. Modern Satire Examples The Onion: Satirical news outlet that parodies journalism. Comments on real and fictional events humorously. The Colbert Report: Satirical TV show featuring Stephen Colbert as a conservative pundit. Uses satire to critique political and media landscapes.

John Milton (1608-1674) Background Birth and Education: Born in London to a prosperous family; well-educated by tutors and at prestigious colleges (funded by his father). Early Aspirations: Planned to become an Anglican priest; a great believer in Cromwell and the Commonwealth. Personal Life: Married three times; briefly imprisoned after the monarchy was restored in 1660. Health: Became totally blind by 1652; died of kidney failure in 1674. Literary Contributions Poetic Works: Known for Latin elegies and English odes, considered models of poetic beauty. Philosophical Bridge: His works connect the Renaissance and the Reformation. Major Political Writer: Advocated for the English Revolution and defended the execution of Charles I. Paradise Lost Publication: Released in 1667; considered Milton's masterpiece. Form: Written in blank verse (Miltonic verse) – unrhymed iambic pentameter. Content: An epic poem that retells the story of Adam and Eve, beginning with themes from Genesis. Purpose: Aims to "justify the ways of God to men." Epic Poem Characteristics Long Narrative: Tells a comprehensive story involving significant themes. Warfare or Supernatural Elements: Engages with grand themes of conflict and divine intervention. In Medias Res: Begins in the midst of action rather than at the start. Cultural Ideals: Reflects and expresses the ideals and traditions of the time. Themes and Analysis Paradise Lost can be read as a representation of the failure of the English Revolution, with characters embodying Milton's critiques of the Anglican Church and exploring profound theological and philosophical questions. These notes summarize Milton's life, literary contributions, and the significance of Paradise Lost.

Historical Background Conflicts and Civil War King vs. Parliament: Growing tensions lead to the English Civil War (1642–1648). Key Events: Capture and beheading of Charles I. Establishment of the Commonwealth (1649). Oliver Cromwell: Puritan leader; ruled with authoritarianism, suppressing arts and leisure activities. Metaphysical Poets Definition and Characteristics Metaphysical Poets: A group of poets in 17th century England known for blending intellect and emotion. Key Traits: Use of metaphysical conceits: Extended, inventive metaphors. Simple language: Direct and clear expression. Rapid thought association: Engages the reader. Telescoping of images: Compact and layered imagery. Key Metaphysical Poets John Donne (1572-1631) Background: Inherited wealth; known for a lifestyle of pleasures. Secret marriage led to imprisonment; later took Anglican orders. Poetic Categories: Youthful Love Lyrics: Romantic themes. Sacred Verses: Reflections on spirituality after personal loss. Style: Frequent use of conceits and dramatic contrasts. Sharp, direct language; often concludes with surprising ideas. Flexible forms that adapt to themes. Major Work: "The Flea"

Key Questions: How does the flea symbolize seduction? Why is killing the flea considered "three sins in killing three"? How does the speaker respond to the lady after the flea's death? How might the lady argue against the speaker's logic? Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) Background: Politically active; wrote pamphlets and satires. Friend of John Milton; known for a controversial, often conflicted character. Notable Work: "To His Coy Mistress" Themes: Carpe diem: Urgency of love and time. Structure: IF: Idealized love without time constraints. BUT: Reality of time's passage. SO: Urges immediate action in love. Key Questions:

What is the speaker's goal in the poem? Is he proposing marriage or simply urging for intimacy? What is the nature of his argument? How logical and effective is his reasoning? New Criticism and Metaphysical Poets Reevaluation: New Criticism revisits these poets 300 years later. T.S. Eliot's View: Describes metaphysical poets as intellectual, combining disparate ideas into cohesive works. Distinction between intellectual poets and reflective poets, emphasizing depth of thought.

On pense aux flèches prédéfinies, qu’on peut glisser-déposer à partir d’une barre de menu (toolbar); aux listes à puces, dont la prépondérance dans les gabarits incite à l’usage, lequel élimine dans l’usage courant le recours aux marqueurs de relation (composant essentiel au langage logique, permettant d’expliciter et d’articuler les liens entre les idées, de nommer les relations).

Le langage graphique (iconographique, de mise en forme et de mise en page, etc.), offert par le logiciel, fait office d’outillage intellectuel; et cet outillage intellectuel s’avère d’une importante pauvreté, si ce n’est d’une dangerosité (vies humaines dans la mission Challenger de la NASA (Franck Frommer, <cite>La pensée PowerPoint</cite>, 2010, p. 7-8), opérations militaires par l’armée américaine).

Knew it wasn't "my line". Well, I've been using it since before this was published, especially about some SCORM packages.

Sorry, I forgot the link: HERE it is

This website provides technology teaching resources as part of the Southern Methodist University (SMU) Center for Teaching Excellence. Users can find informational links to various technology tools that can be used for enhancing teaching and learning in online, hybrid, or face-to-face courses. On the right of the page under "Technology," users can click on the tech tools for additional resources/research on their implementation. Examples of these technologies include Blackboard LMS, PowerPoint presentation software, Google Suite products, blogs, and social media sites. Rating 8/10

This a great, little tutorial that is perfect for the Windows-using faculty who want to quickly do a narrated presentation.