- May 2024
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The place where you are, where you make your homes, where you build a fort, whereyou now want to enthrone yourself, this land belongs to me.
This shows the importance and deep connection to the land as being more than property, but a place that holds history and is home to Mi'kmaq people. The use of God again also shows the attempt to appeal to the Christian nations, showing how conversion was seen as essential in communication many times.
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They have determined to continue in peace, and to commit no act of hostility against thesubjects of Great Britain, until the reply which you, Sir, and council are to give them on what theypropose to you in writing, shall reach them
This shows the Mi'kmaq commitment to peace and their tireless attempts to have their territorial claims respected so a peaceful coexistence can be met
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And thou art telling me something which my grand-fathersand fathers never told me. That they had sold my entire land
This goes against the common bias that Mi'kmaq and other Indigenous groups traveled and never had settlements or communities they called home. This helps combat that misconception by showing how ancestors and therefore descendants have claim to certain areas, which is similar to what the European nations were familiar with
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We believe that this land that God has given us
The use of "God" reflects the need to appeal to the readers through Christian imagery, even if the authors were not Christian.
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your kindness, which I have for a longtime often felt
I wonder if this was something the French interpreter added because it was actually the Mi'kmaq who were kind to the French settlers by helping them learn how to survive the winters. This reinforces the ideas stated earlier which attempt to make the Mi'kmaq people look lower than the settlers
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where for a long time they continued their baleful songs
Describing this event in so much detail reflects how people wanted to view the Mi'kmaq people as "savages" who needed to be "saved" by Christianity. This reflects how many missionaries saw all aspects of Mi'kmaq culture as sinful and the opposite of Christianity. This was seen through Richard calling the Mi'kmaq songs menacing and seeing the act of singing these songs as a deviation from Christianity. This view disregards all the beauty of Mi'kmaq culture and would have caused converted Christians to feel they should hide their identities and cannot be both Mi'kmaq and Christian.
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Cape Sable and St. John'sIndians, who have join'd with the French
The specified location demonstrates there was likely a dense population of Mi'kmaq people from these areas, however both the British and French maps failed to acknowledge it. Therefore, this alliance between the French and Mi'kmaq should not be seen as a respectful partnership, but an alliance against a common enemy.
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We have never heard them use unseemly words, nor seen any actions too free, although wehave lived on familiar terms with them inside and outside their cabins. You would say theyare trying to practice in advance that beautiful motto of the Apostle, which commandsChristians not even to have, if they can help it, upon their lips a word which signifiesindecency.
It is evident that Perrault has a more positive view of the Mi'kmaq people than Biard, because Perrault writes about how virtuous the Mi'kmaq people are and how this should enable an easy conversion. This document shows that there was some respect for the Mi'kmaq communities (through his descriptions of the women and their modesty), but he still writes as if the settlers are providing a gift by sharing Christianity. However, he fails to explain how the settlers are actually benefiting from the Mi'kmaq people who helped them learn how to survive brutal winters which he describes as "Extreme". This demonstrates the failure to recognize how settlers are benefiting from the Mi'kmaq, not the other way around.
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For we who aresurrounded by the Religious, and are under the care of so many Pastors, and have such anabundance of good books, examples, laws and polity
This demonstrates the Eurocentric views that were held by this missionary and many others, who believed the French were "Surrounded by the religious" while the Indigenous people were believed to not be guided by beliefs and morals. He also provides contrast by saying the French had an "Abundance of good books", which served as the key to knowledge. This overlooks the abundance of oral history and storytelling present in Indigenous communities, which is just as effective in sharing ideas and history between people. These Eurocentric biases about what religion "should" look like would have played a significant role in the attempts of converting people. Despite this comparison between European and Indigenous practices, it is important to recognize how the author is aware of the persistent flaws of religious groups. This is demonstrated when writes that even with these resources people can "Scarcely do it ourselves". This awareness of their own flaws is important and can be seen later in the letter when he writes about how Membertou would be better suited to share the message because of his understanding of the people. This demonstrates the missionary's willingness to admit they don't always know the answer.
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