This orientation minimizes overlapping of the opposingcusps onto the occlusal surface and thus improves the probability ofdetecting early occlusal lesions at the dentinoenamel junction.

elongation

the head is tilted back slightly tocompensate for the changed occlusal plane when the mouth is opened.

The

The vertical angulation should be small, nearly parallel with the occlusal plane, to keep thereceptor as nearly parallel with the long axis of the teeth as possible

Place the long dimension of the No. 1 receptor vertically behind the central and lateral incisors

eminence

The use of a long focal spot-to-object distance reduces the apparent size of the focal spot,thus increasing image sharpness, and provides images with minimal magnification.

Wired

convenience

adjusted.

Repetitions caused by exposure errors are less.

Dicom is the standard developed for the collection, archiving, printing andtransmission of medical images. It enables devices produced by differentmanufacturers to work together in harmony.

standard adopted

conventional

The purpose of sharpening and smoothing filters is to improve image quality by removing blur ornoise. Noise represents random intensity variation.

distracting

optimizing brightness

efficiency,

desirable

range

Latitude

Spatial

attainable

At least two columns of pixelsare required to resolve a line pair, one for the dark line and one for the light space.

fine

isplay t

light-excitable

X-ray photons that pass the object are converted into visiblelight with the help of scintillators.

incorporate

drawback

discrete

intestinal

The acute radiation syndrome is a collection ofsigns and symptoms experienced by individualsafter a brief whole-body exposure to radiation.

Leukemias

Removal of teeth after irradiation should be avoided when possible

denture sore

induced

the oral mucosa breaks down with exposure of the underlying bone.

Such exposure may retard or abortroot formation

precedes

dwarfed teeth

retarded

subsides

tender

parenchymal

squamous cell carcinoma

Damage to mature bone occurs due to malnutrition as a result of damage to thealready sparse vascular structure of the periosteum and cortical bone, and thedestruction of osteoblasts also plays a role.

plenty

concrete builds> woodenstructures)

ventilated.

coating

ceiling

The use of dosimeter should not be neglected

The irradiation

the appropriate

ntensifying s

CONDUCTING

precede radiographic examination

horough clinical examination

justification

acuity

atrophic,

Secondary yeast infection

steoradionecrosis

parse

ourish

medulla spinalis.

destruction of sebaceous and sweatglands

Dry desquamation:

flaky.

dermatitis appear.

erythema

Mucosal epithelium is highly sensitive to radiation. The firstchanges are seen in the small intestinal epithelium. First, mitosis stops, edema,degeneration, necrosis of the epithelium and ulcers appear. These changes causesymptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Mucus, pepsin and acidsecretion decreases, absorption is impaired.

Gonads are very sensitive to radiation.

impaired

Spleen, lymph nodes and thymu

Leukemia

Hyperplasia

susceptibility

Hematopoietic System

ambient

hypoxia

Linear energy transfer (LET): It is the energy release that ionizing radiation transfersand loses per unit distance of its path in the matter it passes through. As LETincreases, radiosensitivity increases.

induced

sublethal radiation

hreshold

soil

emitted

Gamma, alpha and beta rays consisting of radioactive substances in the earth'scrust

Types of Wound Healing

scarring

desired

Relationships

Deep

Primary Dentition

filler

PALATIN BONE

MAXILLA

infratemporalis surface

Parietal bone

3

4

5

2

1

beneath

prerequisities

concave

Reciprocating

Strain

foundation

hypoglycemia

somnolence

sedative

The secretion

pituitary

medicaments

Vasomotor

successional

ejected

accelerated resorption is observed.

Rickets

While premolar tooth germs are initially in lingual and palatinal positions,they settle between the roots of primary molars with a sliding movementover time.

Thus

The mesenchymal cells inside this sheath transform into odontoblasts to formroot dentin.ROOT FORMATION

First formed enamel and dentin

Dental Follicle

The stomodeum

In the two-stage caries removal method

Growth factors

Malassez

Cementoblasts

Malaligned

trinsic fibers & cell

stratified

intrinsic fibers & cells

xtrinsic (Sharpey)

Due to functional stresses - some changes takeplace in the structural arrangement of periodontalligament - which occurs throughout out the life.

The flow is iron the ligament toward and into theadjacent alveolar bone

Where ever their cytoplasm comes into contactwith bone - hollows or grooves called 'Howship'sLacunae' are formed.

When examined underlight microscope thefibers appear to bejoined in the mid regionof the periodontalspace giving rise to azone of distinctappearance, so called"Inter Mediate Plexus"– believed to be site forrapid remodeling offibers.

connective tissue of Gingiva

attachment apparatus

Extracellular substance

Inter Mediate Plexus

surface.

Supraperiosteal arterioles along the facial and lingual surfaces of the alveolar bone

maintenance,

preponderant

The gingiva (G) seen coronal to the mucogingival junction (MGJ)con- tains no elastic fibers except in association with the blood vessels

scarce in the gingiva

loose

consists of papillaryprojections between the epithelial rete pegs

contiguous

The oral epithelium undergoes continuous renewal.

thekeratohyalin granules are dispersed rather than giving rise to a stratum granulosum.

Keratinocytes are interconnected by structures on the cell periphery

less frequently in the suprabasal layers

Principal

beneath

the attached gingivaterminates at the junction of the lingual alveolar mucosa

blends imperceptibly

barely permits the entrance of a periodontalprobe

1 mm wide

orange peel

scalloped outline

collar

demarcated

The phase changes occur in the ethanol or acetone based resins.

Presence of water droplets dilute resin primer

it should be applied in multiple coats

Priming of Dentin

As dentin ages, there is an increase in mineralization,the ratio of peritubular/intertubular dentin and a decrease in the number of dentinaltubules which overall affects the adhesion quality of dentin.

impurities

Perform oral prophylaxis procedure using nonfluoridated and oil less prophylaxis pastes

precipitated

satisfactory

Adhesion

Adhesives

microleakage

Adhesion of composite resin restorations to enamel and dentin

To correct unaesthetic contours, positions, dimensions, or shades of teeth

To treat carious and fractured tooth structure

Thighs are parallel to the floor

Operating Stool

Operator should keep changing position if procedure is of long duration to decrease themuscle strain and fatigue.

Dentist should not use patient’s chest as an instrument trolley

relieve stress on operator’s leg and support the operator’sback.

Growth sites and centres

Growth

Growth

Growth fields

esorption amd deposition

tissues

Hypertrophy- increase in size of cell• Hyperplasia- increase in number of cells

Variability

Prepubertal/adolescent growth spurt 11-12 yrs 14-15 yrs

Single dose 30-60 minutes before the intervention

Heart Abnormalities That Predispose to IE