his is evident for standing on two feet and one foot
do you mean that balance improves from 2 to 14 years because you can be bipedal and eventually learn to balance on 1 foot? Not clear in your sentence what you are trying to get at.
his is evident for standing on two feet and one foot
do you mean that balance improves from 2 to 14 years because you can be bipedal and eventually learn to balance on 1 foot? Not clear in your sentence what you are trying to get at.
which is defined as the ability to maintain an upright posture and to keep the centre of gravity within the limits of support
is this different from maintaining a weight bearing posture?
we see that it is referred to
wordiness
n those affected.
implied, right? We are not talking about anything else than dcd here.
Children with DCD are clumsy, and without intervention, they will not improve. Many studies were conducted, in which the children’s disabilities were tested at a younger age compared to a few years later, wherein their disability had progressed or remained the same (Losse et al., 2008).
I think you can improve this sentence.
In terms of Criteria A for diagnosis
Perhaps you should frame it to tell us about most important and then co-existing? It could shorten this paragraph and really just provide us with what we need to know?
criterions
1 criterion, multiple criteria
cranial nerves, motor and sensory systems
That is specifically the neurologist, right?
Different professionals are involved in the diagnostic process of DCD, most notably child neurologists, psychiatrists or pediatricians
You can integrate this sentence somewhere else.
ages of five and seven
Before you were talking about dcd in kids 6-12. Can you address this discrepancy?
Therefore
Is there a reason why the font changes here?
impulsivity
Perhaps explaining the 6 domains shown in the figure and provide examples as needed would be easier to follow? You can link text to specific items in your figure. It's confusing because you do not use all your figure.
hange from day to day or from one scenario to another
Not sure I understand what you mean here. This figure is quite complex and it is not obvious to me how I can see what you wrote here in the figure.
depicted on the left
Lovely! It is clear and easy to read.
decreased nerve cells
I find your text much better, easier to read.
I must say that this "decreased nerve cells connections" is unspecific and that you could spiff this up.
ement (Banhart et al., 2003). It is said to be a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both fine and gross motor
Good but could you make these 2 sentences flow together better?
And the following sentence.
found
you mean diagnosed at that age? It's a lifelong disorder, right?
D) is
missing a comma
Instability
Nice. I like your original title.
learning
This paragraph could apply to almost anything. You could be describing leg movements here and it would work!
invasive
Not sure what you mean by invasive here.
You have a lot of different therapies. Need to clarify.
(Hatem et al., 2016).
You just present this specific view of motor learning? Similar problem as with the other sections.
Motor learning (ML) uses the concepts of Motor observation and Motor imitation (Hatem et al., 2016).
Is this a different concept than what we saw in class?
This will allow to regain motion through retrained neural pathways (Hatem et al., 2016).
Again, not so sure what we are supposed to understand from this. It's very short and not well put in context.
Mental Practice
Link with previous and next sections weak. How does it relate to stroke?
integration
I would reconsider the purpose of this section. What do you want to mention here?
bedside assessments
Are we in chronic, subacute or acute stroke here?
movement
I find this section limited. These problems can emerge from more than just premotor cortex.
Varona et al. (2014
What is the sample size here? What were the inclusion/exclusion criteria? Did they exclude more sever strokes? How representative of the global stroke population is this?
of CT scans.
You could tell us where the stroke is and what type it is (embolism? on B and I don't see it on A). I wonder to what extent you need an image or a long description such as this one.
foundation's
Interesting but probably not the most relevant video for prognosis of PPS.
injections of botulinum toxin
What will you present with this? I do not understand your point.
oral anticholinergic or dopaminergic medications
Not in the Kinesiology turf.
Therefore, this technique in the current research seems to be able to manage the symptoms of this disease and looks promising.
You propose to do this as kinesiologists?
urrent research is looking into the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or deep brain stimulation (DBS).
current research does not mean current treatment. Here you are expected to present the current treatments for dystonia.
As FHD may arise from maladaptive brain plasticity and result in a disproportionately large cortical representation of the dystonic limb’s small hand muscles
This has not been mentioned when presenting the pathology.
FHD
what is the specific aspect of FHD that you are targeting (ie, your motor impairment)?
are many types of dystonia, such as general dystonia, focal hand dystonia, cervical dystonia, etc. (Quartarone et al., 2018)
Should expand on this a bit and then focus on focal hand dystonia.
Missing a period after the citation.
Pablo-Fernandez, 2017). These movements typically seem twisting and patterned (DE Pablo-Fernandez, 2017
could integrate your references more efficiently.
Pharmacotherapy
Focus on what a kin can do.
training into 5 major exercises: orientation, memory, attention and executive function training. Executive function training is especially very important as it is considered to be independently correlated with reduced instances of falls (Lipardo et al., 2018). It governs all cognitive skills including inhibition, planning, organization and memory (What Is Executive Functioning?, n.d.) and it is damaged in most elderly population with Alzheimer’s disease (Lipardo et al., 2018). “Perceptual-motor integration problem” is prevalent among those with Alzheimer’s disease and can contribute to an increased rate of falls as one fails to orient oneself within the environment (Lipardo et al., 2018). Orientation training included determining the time, finding locations and giving names and memory training consisted of card-m
Remember that it has to relate to your motor impairment.
You have to lay the table for this in the previous sections.
CBT
how does this work?
2018
Not the appropriate way to cite a study.
react to falling in a positive way
Psychologically??
n a study performed by Okubo et.al, reactive balance training was used in order to reduce falls that occurred due to participant perturbation, it was found that training reduced these falls by 60%
Do older adults present with reactive balance problems?
,
no need for a comma here.
Muscle loss also results in a reduction of postural reaction
Is this the major factor for loss of balance reactions?
gray and white matter
I am an CNS champion but you need to present a broader view of the deficits that present with aging and those that might lead to a loss of balance that would then result in a fall.
Other general prevention techniques include using assistive devices, wearing practical shoes, getting rid of obstacles at home, brightening up the living space (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2019). These prevention methods can immensely help in preventing geriatric falls by making the environment less hazardous (non-slippery floor, well-lit rooms) and compensating the motor deficits with aids (handrails, grab bars in shower) (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2019).
You could present the factors that lead to falls and relate to the balance component associated with it. Then you pick one and focus on that.
Osteofit Program in Vancouver, BC
Does this image really help your text?
Need to refer to figures / videos in your text!
Figure X highlights the relationship between....
flexibility, strength, balance and coordination,” using “balance training and strengthening exercises.” (American Senior Communities, 2015)
This is very broad.
(World Health Organization, 2008). The World Health Organization, 2008,
Need to be much more efficient in your writing.
Where does your booklet start??
by Duy Phung Contents of this path: 1 2019-10-13T13:03:40-07:00 Duy Phung 91cc288d0b4f43edc0b6189ffef294e51c5e7e2a Introduction 19 Peripheral neuropathy is commonly defined as damage to the nerves located outside of the central nervous system image_header 2019-10-15T09:44:56-07:00 Duy Phung 91cc288d0b4f43edc0b6189ffef294e51c5e7e2a
et al?
excessive head movements during ambulation
really?
disorders
What is the purpose of all these tests?
This is just a shopping list without any background or rationale or purpose!
are
the image on the right is not of a rotation test!!!
balance organs
?
Many different tests are used to help diagnose this condition, however, due to its broad nature it can be difficult to fully assess (Hatton, 2015):
Do you really need a citation for this?
vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR
What is the VOR?
Is it important in UVL?
Used for diagnosis purposes only?
acute UVL were previously listed
It was not clear that we were reading about acute UVL!
What is the difference between acute and chronic? What is considered acute and what is considered chronic?
CUVL
what is CUVL?
What is the Vestibular System
Shouldn't this be presented at the beginning of your paper?
stibular system.
references for your figures.
What are we supposed to take from these figures?
integration of that sensory input; and motor output to the eye and body muscles
what does that mean?
vestibular system (motion, equilibrium, spatial orientation)
Is this a sufficient explanation of what the vestibular system is/does in the context of your paper?
vision (sight), proprioception (touch)
do you really have to specify that vision is sight?????
proprioception is touch?????
fear of falling
Is this a common problem for UVL?
supported
?
Poor balance
What is poor balance?
Pollock, Durward, Rowe & Paul, 2000)S
The idea is not to summarize studies but to synthesize information. You are expected to consult multiple sources and explain concepts, citing studies.
Loss of balance was previously mentioned as a symptom of UVL. Having good balance is an integral part of life, and its loss can result in motor impairment, which in turn affects quality of life.
Not a very informative paragraph.
Sense of Disequilibrium, Imbalance and Dizziness (Herdman, 2014)
you do not define these symptoms. What is the difference between disequilibrium and imbalance?
Other than an orphan figure on dizziness, there is no description of it.
Is there a difference between vertigo and dizziness or are they the same?
Herdman, 2014
Can you vary your sources?
visual acuity during head movements
How is this different from oscillopsia?
inferior and superior vestibular nerve function
what does that mean?
UVL can result in many different symptom
why/how?
Some antibiotics are specifically taken up by vestibular hair cells, thus resulting in a loss of vestibular function over time
Ototoxycity???
This section is hard to follow. What is unilateral vestibular lesion? You describe causes but have not explained what it is.
vestibular vertigo
Is this UVL?
can’t
cannot
injury
such as?
neurofibromatosis
Explain the terms that are not necessarily familiar to kinesiologists.
larger APA magnitudes during backward perturbations
These are not APAs, right?
lack
deficit?
disturbances
I think you can better synthesize this paragraph to make it clearer.
MS patients
People with MS not MS patients. You do not want to qualify people by their disease.
than their healthy counterparts
It's implied, no?
on average
add commas
Latency in their spinal somatosensory conduction
Clarify?
How do your APA and latency relate to the previous paragraph? A better introduction would be helpful.
relapse-remittance phase
Should the various phases be better described?
T cells, B cells, macrophages and activated microglia
What are those? What is activated microglia?
diseases
no s, right?
Diagnosis
This image is great!
executed
can you integrate this into a program?
possible
how would it be beneficial? what is the advantage?
reinforcement of neural pathways that contribute to gait (
what pathway? You have learned more than that during class and should be able to address this better!
few successful AD studies
are we in suggested therapies?
.
you mention the outcome measures but not the training!
phase
How is this done? They really do this in clinics?
AD
I think you missed your audience with this video.
2012
Use more images and videos to show what you are describing.
mental
cognitive?
we
avoid the we form here.
to the brain
you can delete this
patient may need lots of social and
you never explain why you have caregivers in your program.
gait and balance
gait and balance is way to broad. You need to narrow down to something more specific and detailed.
biomechanical constraints
So is balance your impairment? Biomechanical constraints could be addressed but should not be the main focus of your impairment.
wise
make sure that everyone on the team reads the paper!
passive guidance
passive guidance should be AVOIDED as much as possible.
So will you only focus on static balance and multisensory reweighting? This is the problem with HD? They rely more on somatosensory information and have a hard time using visual and vestibular?
I see no information provided on that in your paper.
Mini-Best test is an outcome measure that can provide information on the aspects of balance that are lacking or problematic. It's not a way to train participants.
external feedback
Why this type of external feedback? How much will you provide. For how long? What is the disadvantage of providing feedback (ie too much or too little)?
for a certain distance
You will vary the typical distance of TUG? What is the rationale behind this?
sit-to-stand and then walking
This is called the timed-up-and-go test (ie TUG).
It is an assessment to measure balance. You will train participants on an outcome measure? Why?
progresses
If this is the gait training that you are including in the table in the previous section, you need to add more details. How are you going to ask them to walk? How will you set the metronome? Slower or faster? which is harder for walking? Will you vary the rhythm? What are you trying to improve with respect to their impairment/pathology? Will you create a dependence with your metronome? Will they need to walk with their phones set at a given beat?
passively helps them match their gait pattern with the rhythm
passive guidance is probably not the way to go. What are participants recruiting during passive guidance? What is the goal here? Safety? What do you want them to improve? Is passive guidance really going to help anything in that regard?
Duration
I am missing the rationale for all of this!
Need the detail for Gait exercises and Balance training. Provide a strong rationale fo rwhy you do resistance exercises and why you target those specific muscles? Why stretching? Need to provide a rationale for everything.
HD patients
The proper way to refer to this would be "people with HD". The other way around you define them has being HD which you do not want to do.
Arai
your figure on the left is not proportional, it is stretched vertically. Never change image proportions that way.
he speed of cognition is slowed,
does this go with subcortical dementia?
Summary
Refer to it in your text. What does it support in what you are writing?
2002
Please organize your paper so that you present information rather than cite papers. What is the take home message of this section?
2002
Is it really needed to discuss that study specifically? Why? Are several studies supporting this? Is it because there is little research or little is known?
anticipatory
What is this? APAs or something else?
swinging room
?
skills
source of your image. Again, why are you presenting this figure? What should we take from this figure?
Contents
Your video is nice but you should consider cropping it. It covers much more than just the overview.
resolution
spatial resolution
ideo explai
It is a very long video discussing risk factors for stroke. I wonder to what extent this is really relevant for your booklet.
articulation
dysarthria?
movements
You might want to use some of this to better explain transitive intrasitive movements in the previous section.
improvement can remain consistent
do you mean if improvements are maintained? Consistent and maintained does not mean the same thing, right? Consistent would relate more to variability than to maintained improvements.
s best described in Wheaton, 2007 as a basic motor coordination deficit focused around issues in precision limb movements not explained by more elementary motor deficits. It was noted that how limb-kinetic differs from ideomotor is primarily due to the lack of voluntary
Can you explain concepts in your own words? As is, you seem to just plug citations from authors to explain these impairments in your paper. It makes it very difficult to read. You want to explain in your own words and add references when needed (not the other way around as you are doing throughout your bookelt).