- Dec 2019
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whokilledzebedee.wordpress.com whokilledzebedee.wordpress.comPRIMARY TEXT147
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It causes me sincere regret, sir,
In LN, the framework is entirely different. It instead follows the narrator's deathbed confession to a Catholic priest, who dictates
To read the LN framework, go to the blog post here.
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You told us last night, sir, that you were engaged to marry a young lady, whom you had only known for a fortnight; and I offended you by quoting the old proverb, “Marry in haste, and repent at leisure.” Now you know what I was thinking of!
In LN: As in the beginning, the concluding text of the short story is radically different. In LN, the story concludes with the narrator stating he doesn't know if Priscilla is still alive and that though some may feel he ought to be hanged, he will die "a penitent sinner."
To read the LN framework, go to the blog post here.
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THE END.
In LN: text not present
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A LAST WORD.
In LN: text not present
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—
In LN: another dash is added
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closing
In LN: "last"
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(she wrote)
In LN: text not present
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“The devil entered into me
In LN: Priscilla's letter begins a new paragraph
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She died a miserable death, leaving a sealed letter for me. I burnt the letter, as I had burnt the inscription.
In LN: In accordance with the altered framework, "The letter has been long since burnt. I wish I could have forgotten it as well. It sticks to my memory. If I die with my senses about me, Priscilla’s letter will be my last recollection on earth."
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some years
In LN: "a few days"
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married
In LN: a comma after "married"
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;
In LN: a dash
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Sir,
In LN: "SIR"
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too
In LN: "next"
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after she had snatched it out of the engraver’s hands and used by the thief to commit the murder.
In LN: "supposing she was the person who had snatched it out of the engraver’s hands, and might have been afterward used by the thief to commit the murder."
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What little money I had about me I offered to the engraver.
In LN: "I told him I was a policeman, and summoned him to assist me in the discovery of a crime. I even offered him money."
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Throughout this statement—excepting changes of names and places—I have told the truth. I still tell the truth, when
In LN: text not present
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And, oh Lord,
In LN: A sentence prior to this phrase: "'It all comes back to me, sir.'" Further changes include the absence of "'And, oh Lord,'" and instead states, "'A person in a state of frenzy'"
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cadaverous
In LN: "dismal"
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animation
In LN: "flash of life"
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I think I can tell you.
In LN: text not present
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,
In LN: a semi-colon
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bad
In LN: "'not so good as it was,’"
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and rest
In LN: "and a little rest,"
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,
In LN: a dash
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I abstain from reading in the interests of my occupation?”
In LN: "'I abstain from reading, in the interests of my occupation.’" Final question mark in The York Herald likely a mistake.
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,
In LN: comma not present
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,
In LN: comma not present
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dull
In LN: text not present
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At the top of the house
In LN: Prior to this paragraph are two others with the following text:
"I put my lips to the old fellow’s ear-trumpet, and asked who Mr. Scorrier was.
‘Brother-in-law to Mr. Wycomb. Mr. Wycomb’s dead. If you want to buy the business apply to Mr. Scorrier.’"
This sentence is further changed thus: "Receiving that reply, I went upstairs, and found Mr. Scorrier engaged in engraving a brass door-plate."
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said
In LN: a colon after "said"
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For the first time it occurred to me, that in distributing our photographs of the knife, we had had none of us remembered that a certain proportion of cutlers might be placed, by circumstances, out of our reach
In LN: "For the first time, it occurred to me that we had forgotten an obstacle in our way, when we distributed our photographs of the knife. We had none of us remembered that a certain proportion of cutlers might be placed, by circumstances, out of our reach"
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JAMES WYCOMB, CUTLER &C.
In LN: James Wycomb, Culter, etc.
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I telegraphed to Higham, asking Priscilla either to wait for me, or to leave me instructions for following her to the village, when I arrived by the next train.
In LN: "I looked at the time-table."
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put
In LN: "pour"
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Priscilla had been at work late in the night
In LN: Included prior to this phrase is the following text: "Supporting herself by her needle, while she was still unprovided with a situation,"
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at Gravesend
In LN: "at the big town of Waterbank." "Gravesend" is consistently replaced with "Waterbank."
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Higham
In LN: "Higham" is consistently replaced with "Yateland"
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Kent
In LN: text not present
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It was time stolen from my inquiries—but, as I thought, the occasion justified it.
In LN: text not present
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night duty
In LN: "night-duty"
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This encouraged her to look to the future almost as hopefully as I looked.
In LN: text not present
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You will now perhaps understand why I devote some space in my narrative to a person who had only been a servant in a lodging-house. But for Priscilla, I should have never discovered who killed Zebedee.
In LN: text not present
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but I steadily advanced towards the end I had in view.
In LN: "but with Priscilla's help, I steadily advanced toward the end I had in view."
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I interrupted the rest,
In LN: text not present
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This copy I made at Priscilla’s own request. It arose out of my telling her that I was resolved to devote every hour of my spare time to tracing the murderer. “It is my notion,” I said, “that the proceedings of the persons in Mrs. Crosscapel’s house have not been closely enough inquired into yet. I believe Mr. Deluc committed the murder; and I want to find out if any of the lodgers were in his confidence, or had any relations with him in past times.” She said, “I think your plan is a good one. If you begin by satisfying yourself about the servants, let me off you the means of looking into my past life.” With that, she placed the clergyman’s certificate in my hand. I thought she was joking. She was perfectly in earnest; and she made me copy the certificate. This naturally set me on speaking of the other servant. I asked her if she could tell me anything which associated the housemaid with Mr. Deluc. She was unwilling to answer. “I may be casting suspicion on an innocent person,” she said. “Besides, I was for so short a time the housemaid’s fellow-servant—”
In LN: This section is quite different. The text is as follows:
"After reading those words, I could safely ask Priscilla to help me in reopening the mysterious murder case to some good purpose.
My notion was that the proceedings of the persons in Mrs. Crosscapel’s house, had not been closely enough inquired into yet. By way of continuing the investigation, I asked Priscilla if she could tell me anything which associated the housemaid with Mr. Deluc. She was unwilling to answer. ‘I may be casting suspicion on an innocent person,’ she said. ‘Besides, I was for so short a time the housemaid’s fellow servant——’"
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“HENRY DERRINGTON, Rector of Roth.”
In LN: A paragraph break after "(Signed)"
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to
In LN: "on"
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Priscilla Varley was just as willing, and far better able, to help me, on her side. As it happened, she was mistress of her own movements.
In LN: This paragraph is replace with two. See text below:
"With the best intentions, Miss Mybus found no opportunity of helping me. Of the two, Priscilla Thurlby seemed more likely to be of use.
In the first place, she was sharp and active, and (not having succeeded in getting another situation as yet) was mistress of her own movements."
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Her fellow-servant, the housemaid, was London girl. After leaving Mrs. Crosscapel, she got another place in the district of Bloomsbury. Priscilla was not so successful. She had a natural aversion to lodging-houses, and she did not possess experience enough to take a cook’s place in the service of gentlefolks. Having a rather quick temper, she doubted her own endurance, if she accepted the only alternative, and served as kitchen-maid under the orders of a stranger. It ended, for the time being, in her hiring a room in a respectable house, and supporting herself by her needle. In this case good employment was easily obtained. Though she disliked the occupation, Priscilla was a good workwoman; and she had a written recommendation from the clergyman of the parish, which I copy here. It tells her simple story, before she came to London, in the plainest and fewest words.
In LN: These paragraphs are rewritten, absent, or edited and place elsewhere in the text. In LN, the following text is present prior to the recommendation:
"In the second place, she was a woman I could trust. Before she left home to try domestic service in London, the parson of her native parish gave her a written testimonial, of which I append a copy. Thus it ran:"
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There was an old woman’s skeleton found in the cellar of a house in Euston-square—and the wretch who hid her body there is still at large. Another murdered old woman was found, in another cellar, in Harley-street. And there, again, the guilty person has never been traced.
In LN: Replaced with the following text: "'I can call to mind two cases of persons found murdered in London—and the assassins have never been traced.'"
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an old woman
In LN: "'a person'"
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“Just look back, here in London, for a year or two only.
In LN: "‘Just look back for a year or two.'"
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to me
In LN: text not present
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old
In LN: text not present
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Miss Mybus
In LN: Prior to "Miss Mybus" the following text is present: "Mentioning the lady first,"
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written
In LN: "told my story"
This variant is in accordance with the changes in the narrative frame.
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police force
In LN: "police-force"
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on the understanding that she was to appear again if called upon.
In LN: "on entering into her own recognisance to appear again if called upon."
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and its interrupted inscription
In LN: "and to explain its interrupted inscription"
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,
In LN: no comma present
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inspector
In LN: "Inspector"
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will
In LN: "may"
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—
In LN: dash not present
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Did she lock the door herself, before she fell asleep in her chair?
In LN: "Did she afterward lock the door herself?"
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—
In LN: dash not present
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rev.
In LN: "reverend"
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where she had been last in service
In LN: commas around this phrase
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The police, again, knew nothing that supported her frantic accusation of herself.
In LN: "The police made no discoveries that supported her first frantic accusation of herself."
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The unfortunate creature fainted at the bare remembrance of that dreadful sight—her husband stretched dead on the bed, with the knife in his heart.
In LN: This sentence is absent and instead includes the following text: "She had seen the dead body of her husband, murdered while she was unconsciously at his side—and she fainted, poor creature, at the bare remembrance of it."
The following sentence ("The proceedings...") occurs after a paragraph break.
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was dark
In LN: "was pitch dark"
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fire-side
In LN: "fireside"
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his wife
In LN: "his own wife"
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, indeed,
In LN: no commas present
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inclined
In LN: a comma after "inclined"
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,’ and
In LN: no comma; a dash after the quotation mark
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—
In LN: dash not present
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hearts’
In LN: "heart's"
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embarcation
In LN: "embarkation"
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as
In LN: "as a"
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lady’s maid
In LN: "lady's-maid"
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;
In LN: a dash
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inspector
In LN: "Inspector"
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and the key was left in my charge.
In LN: "they keys in both cases being left in my charge."
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unfortunate
In LN: "poor"
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city
In LN: "City"
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The doctor called in, had found it left in the body
In LN: "The Doctor had found it left in the body"
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As
In LN: "While"
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guilty; and I
In LN: "guilty" is the end of the sentence. And "and" is struck, thus making it: "she was guilty. I even said"
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He lay in bed on his back; the bedclothes being turned down to below his chest.
In LN: "HE lay in bed on his back as the Doctor had described him."
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mind
In LN: a comma after "mind"
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there! you heard what the doctor said, and know what we saw.
In LN: "'don't ask me what we saw; the Doctor has told you about it already.'"
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these
In LN: "those"
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hisdoor
In LN: a space present between "his" and "door." Likely a mistake by The York Herald.
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morning,
In LN: A quotation mark after the comma. Likely a mistake by The York Herald.
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Before we went in,
In LN: text not present
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down stairs to her fellow servant
In LN: "downstairs to her fellow-servant"
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,
In LN: no comma present
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!
In LN: a period
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; on
In LN: a semicolon connects the sentences. "On" thus becomes "on"
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rolled up in
In LN: "rolled up perpendicularly in the bed"
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,
In LN: a colon
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opened the door for him
In LN: "joined us while we were talking."
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It
In LN: "The staton"
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“The man is dead, and there is a knife wound through his heart.”
In LN: "'I found the man lying on his back, in bed, dead—with the knife that had killed him left sticking in the wound.'"
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doctor
LN: "Doctor"
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,
In LN: no comma present
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,
In LN: a dash
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,
In LN: a dash
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miss!
In LN: "Miss"
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!
In LN: a period
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Lefroy-street
In LN: "Lehigh Street"
All instances of Lefroy-street are changed to "Leigh Street" in LN.
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you
In LN: "You"
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him that
In LN: "him (as I supposed) that"
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Varley
In LN: "Varley" is consistently changed to "Thurlby."
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?
In LN: an exclamation mark. Likely a mistake in The York Herald.
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,
LN: no comma
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see
In LN: "see."[italicized]
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“Is this the station-house?”
LN employs single quotation marks for dialogue. I will not annotate each instance; the variance is consistent throughout.
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swinging door
In LN: "swinging-door"
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When
In LN: "WHEN"
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A FIRST WORD.
In LN: A FIRST WORD FOR MYSELF.
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WHO KILLED ZEBEDEE?
In the Chatto & Windus edition of Little Novels (1887), in which this story is included, the title is "Mr. Policeman and the Cook."
All further textual annotations will abbreviate this edition to LN.
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I could hang you by a word.
While capital punishment in Britain did not cease until the 20th century, the last woman hanged was Frances Kidder in 1868. The same year saw the last public hanging in Britain.
Published in 1880, this story likely takes place decades prior, given the indication of the narrative format, making it possible that Priscilla could have indeed been subject to hanging.
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I preferred leaving the police force.
From The Law and the Lady to The Woman in White, Collins’s career-long engagements with British law in his fiction conveys a complex ethical code. Heroes commit crimes as often as the villains. For more discussion on British law in Collins and its social and biographical context, see Pykett.
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banns
Bann: (n.) 1. An authoritative proclamation 2. A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation.
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I had delicious kisses, thanks to Priscilla.
This story hints as Collins’s contemporary liberal views of sexuality and marriage. Suggestive of an illicit liaison (at least in terms of an officer engaging with a investigative subject), Collins reifies Victorian morality by engaging the two to be married but then disrupts that again by the revelation that Priscilla murdered Zebedee. The narrator’s love for the criminal Priscilla, however, may suggest a movement beyond Victorian social conventions. Collins’s work, as always, is morally complex. For more information on Collins’s own affairs, see the Peters biography in the further reading tab.
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I heard from her certain particulars, which threw a new light on Mr. Deluc, and on the case generally
Collins’s innovations in detective fiction, a mode of literature to which he contributed significantly, crucially includes his use of the amateur female sleuth. While Marian Halcombe of The Woman in White is credited as the prototypical female detective, characters like Priscilla and Anne Rodway (“The Diary of Anne Rodway”) illustrate Collins’s interest in these figures. Given more agency than their traditional female counterparts, Collins’s sleuths straddle the line between criminality and justice. See Kestner in the further reading tab for more discussion of Collins and female detectives in the nineteenth century.
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Who Killed Zebedee?
Now commonly published as “Who Killed Zebedee?” this short story is also reprinted and was published with syndication-upon-release as “Mr. Policeman and the Cook.”
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copies to every police station
British police began employing photography in their investigations and organization in the mid-nineteenth century. Photography itself was invented in the 1820s, though wasn’t available to the public until several decades later.
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to make love to her
To make love: (v.) to pay amorous attention to; to court, woo.
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caught her alone on the stairs
Gothic and sensational literature presents gendered abuse variety of manners, but Collins’s work often frames unwanted sexual advances and sexual assault as villainous. There is a myriad of scholarship on Collins’s engagement with gender and sexuality, including works by Haefele-Thomas, Heller, O’Neill, and Pykett. See citations in the further reading tab.
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chimney-piece
Chimney-piece: 1. (n.) a picture, piece of sculpture, or of tapestry, placed as an ornament over a fireplace. 2. (n.) an ornamental structure, usually of stone or marble, with moulding, carving, etc. over and around the open recess of a fireplace.
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sheep-farming in Australia
Britain began its colonial conquest of Australia in 1788. Its early history functioned as a pseudo penal colony, but by the mid-late nineteenth century, its colonial expansion during the gold rush in the 1850s influenced its development into a settler colony.
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footman
Footman: (n.) an attendant or foot servant; spec. one employed to run ahead or alongside a coach, carriage, or (in early use) a rider of rank.
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surgeon
Surgeon: (n.) in this sense, a general practitioner.
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Mrs. Zebedee being in no condition to understand the proceedings in either case
Medicine and its abuse features in several of Collins’ works, as well as throughout sensational and Gothic literature. As in the case here, it often carries a gendered connotation. See Talairach for more discussion on medicine in Collins in the further reading tab.
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goggle
Goggle: (adj.), of the eye: protuberant, prominent, full and rolling
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yellow
A yellow complexion, while certainly a racialization, does not denote a specific race. Collins also uses yellow to describe the Italian Count Fosco in The Woman in White. More likely, it is a signifier of foreignness, perhaps from a warm climate.
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I did it in my sleep!
Anxieties and interest in mesmerism (also known as animal magnetism) and hypnotism compounded in the nineteenth century, featuring in sensational novels and occult media. Here, as in many cultural instances, a woman is (or believes she is) subject to its influence. While Mrs. Zebedee has a history of sleepwalking, her book “The World of Sleep” suggests an ambiguous influence suspiciously similar to mesmerism. For further discussion of Collins and gender and mesmerism, see Pearl in the further reading tab.
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Martinique
Martinique, an island in the West Indies, was colonized in the 17th century and remains a French region today.
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Creole
Linguistic. Creole: 1. (n.) a descendant of white European settlers (esp. Spanish or French) who is born in a colonized country 2. (n.) Any person of mixed ancestry born in a country previously colonized by white Europeans.
Interpretive Deluc could be a white Creole or mixed race, according to 19th century racial conventions.
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cigar agent
The tobacco industry in the nineteenth century was a major part of international trade and imperial capitalism. Cigars, at this point in history, were more widely smoked than cigarettes.
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I’ve known them to be mad
Madness (or the lack thereof) is a crucial component to many of Collins’s sensational works both as characterization and plot device, perhaps most prominently in The Woman in White. For further discussion on mental illness and gender in Collins, see Heller in the further reading tab.
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she did it in her sleep
Sleepwalking also features heavily in The Moonstone (1868) during the climatic revelation of the moonstone’s thief. For further discussion on somnambulism in Collins, see Ayoub in the further reading tab.
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smelling her breath
Though Priscilla is deemed sober, the influence of drugs and alcohol are prevalent throughout Collins’s oeuvre. Collins himself suffered from opium addiction. Addiction is showcased in Armadale (1866) and The Moonstone (1868). See Peters for biographical information on Collins’s addiction.
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London police force
The London Police formed in 1839 in the City of London.
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