- Apr 2021
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www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
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lashing out for no good reason, because you were a bearer of good tidings.
Some people are ready to die.
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He was seeing what I saw but couldn’t tell him.
She cannot tell him he will die. But he knows it already.
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the air-conditioner in the trailer would pop on, devouring the sounds:
This gives a feeling of a clandestine meeting
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an excuse to talk about the war,
He wants to talk about his experience
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to touch her knee.
unwanted touch
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she followed the trailer to cut-rate hospitals, assisting whatever doctor had been assigned to it
She is an itinerant nurse (they are in New York?)
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staying out of his mom’s way
Both have challenging relationships with their mothers
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a dirty sliver of parking-lot curb where cigarette butts and litter had blown up
Setting - a run-down trailer (low SES)
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the way they both moved during the breaks
There is a lot of focus on body language (as opposed to dialogue) - the things they are not saying
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The bond
Subtitles lead into the first sentence.
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He had green eyes
direct characterization
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added a little commentary here and there
She's quieter than him
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a serial-killer nurse who had confessed to murdering, somewhere in Pennsylvania, at least a dozen patients.
dark side of nursing; power imbalance
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www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
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The picture of Abrahim’s daughter melted away near a large green hedge with ripe, inedible red berries hanging from it. For many nights afterward, he refused to think about her or her father. There were no rewards in life for such stupidity, and he promised himself never to fall victim to that kind of blind, wishful thinkin
So, what is lost here? His connection to Sudan? His naivete? His hope?
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In Italy he was given asylum and set free. From there he worked his way north and then west across Europe.
He does make it out.
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Contrary to what Abrahim had told him, there was nothing even remotely heavenly about where he was held:
The detention camp is awful, too.
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He arrived in Europe just as Abrahim had promised he would, but an important part of him had died during the journey,
What parts died?
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Soon enough they would grow out of that and concern themselves with the things that were most immediately relevant to their own lives.
Is this inevitable?
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Of the vast extended family that lived around him, his mother was the only one who never mocked him for this, and even though he would have liked to save her image for later in the journey, at a point when he was far off at sea, he let himself think about her now.
Ah. This is heartbreaking.
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He couldn’t read what was written on it
He cannot read Arabic.
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“I’ll be waiting to hear from you soon,” and my father knew that was the last time he would ever hear Abrahim’s voice
So, he will not go through with the agreement?
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a feature that seemed almost predatory.
like a hawk
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He was from one of the Arab tribes in the north. Such men were common in town. They controlled most of its business and politics and had done so for centuries.
Hierarchy (cultural/historic setting)
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I had given my students something to think about, and whether what they heard from me had any relationship to reality hardly mattered; real or not, it was all imaginary for them. That death was involved only made the story more compelling.
So, is he storytelling? Or storycrafting here?
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“Almost none of it,”
Is this true? What do you think?
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Some wondered whether he had also been in Rwanda—or in Darfur, where such things were commonly known to occur.
Africa is lumped together as a single "region" in these accounts.
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When it came to Europe or America, even people supposedly hardened by time and experience were susceptible to almost childish fantasies.
Cultural and historic context/setting.
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When you get to England you’re going to say that she’s your wife. This is how you’re going to repay me. Do you understand?”
Ah! So this is what Abrahim wanted all along!
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When you get to Europe, this is what you are going to do. You are going to be arrested. You will tell them that you want political asylum and they will take you to a jail that looks like Heaven. They will give you food and clothes and even a bed to sleep in. You may never want to leave—that’s how good it will feel. Tell them you were fighting against the Communists and they will love you. They will give you your pick of countries, and you will tell them that you want to go to England. You will tell them that you have left behind your wife in Sudan, and that her life is now in danger and you want her to come as well. You will show them this picture.”
Here Abrahim explains the process of securing asylum status in Europe.
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If Abrahim’s intention was to harm him, then so be it, my father thought. A decent meal and a drink afterward were not the worst way to go
The narrator's father still does not trust Abrahim.
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When the food came, he wanted to cry and was briefly afraid to eat it.
This is a great example of indirect characterization.
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honest exit
This is the title of the piece so pay close attention to how it is used here.
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At night my father often heard gunfire mixed in with the sound of dogs howling. Every day he pleaded with Abrahim to help him find a way out.
It is getting more and more dangerous. The push factors are quite obvious now.
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t was said that in one village all the young boys had been forced to dig graves for their parents and siblings before watching their executions. Afterward they were forced to join the rebellion that still didn’t have a name.
War-torn region.
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Khartoum
This is the capital of Sudan:
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They carry one of two things: food or weapons. We don’t make either in Sudan. You may have noticed this. That doesn’t mean we don’t love them equally.
Cultural setting.
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walk him down to the docks in order to explain to him how the port town really worked. The only lights they saw came from the scattered fires around which groups of men were huddled.
Physical setting described
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hen he’d stuff himself into a box and drift until he reached a foreign shore or died trying.
He is desperate to escape.
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Yosef
The narrator's father's name.
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shortly after evening prayers,
Muslim cultural context (Muslims pray five times a day)
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The Abrahim who came to life in my classroom was a far nobler man than the one I had previously imagined.
This is an interesting point; he is not "crafting" the story of his father and he is aware of his role as a storyteller.
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“Don’t think about it too much. It’s easy to die around here and have no one notice.”
This is a key quote that describes the setting as well.
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djellabahs
A long, loose, hooded garment:
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As a child he had been clumsy
direct characterization
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“We won’t be needing them for now,” I said.My father’s first job at the port was bringing tea to the dockworkers
So this may be the ongoing structure of the piece: the narrator speaking to his students about his father's life.
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They were still in the making, each and every one of them. Somehow I had missed that.
How the narrator feels about his students - they have recognized each other's humanity.
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My father was told that he could find a job there, and that if he was patient and earned enough money he could even buy his way out of the country on one of the boats.
Non-physical cultural setting (worforce/job/economics)
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here were burned-out tanks on the edge of town and dozens of half-destroyed, abandoned houses
Physical setting described.
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Several wars had been fought nearby, the last one in 1970, between a small group of rebels and the government.
This may be a reference to the first Sudanese conflict: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War
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slightly bulbous nose stood in stark contrast to the sunken cheeks and wide eyes that seemed to have been buried deep above them. His clothes fit him poorly. His hands looked larger; the bones were more visible. He thought his fingers were growing.
This is an example of direct characterization.
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Everything was flat, from the land to the horizon, one uninterrupted stream that not even a cloud dared to break. The fields were thick with wild green grass and bursts of yellow flowers.
Description of physical setting
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but after spending several months in prison for attending a political rally banned by the government he was reduced to nothing. He knew that if he returned home he would eventually be arrested again,
cultural setting (government, time period)
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He was born in a small village in northern Ethiopia. He was thirty-two when he left his home for a port town in Sudan in order to come here.
His father's journey.
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I had just finished talking to him,
again, in his mind he "talked" to him on the way to work
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as a monkey trying to teach their language back to them.
This is how he imagines his students and colleagues feel about him.
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I told him.
He's speaking to his father (who has already passed away) so he probably looks as if he's speaking to himself by passersby.
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I had been teaching a course in Early American literature to privileged freshmen.
The narrator's cultural setting (education and class are indicated here)
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warm October morning in New York
Setting (physical)
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Ethiopia, he died in a room in a boarding house in Peoria, Illinois,
Two settings indicated here: Ethiopia and Illinois (already a contrast is being set up)
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- Oct 2020
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earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com
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Germanic influences
From the five Germanic tribes.
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- Jun 2020
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earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com
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assoil
pardon
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That whatsoever he were which ministered unto me, his ill conditions could not hurt my faith, but in spirit I received nevertheless the body and blood of Christ.
One argument that needs some explanation: Catholic theologians maintained that the transubstantiation of the communion wafer and wine into the body and blood of Christ occurred regardless of the state of mind or being of the priest administering the rite. Protestants, on the other hand, believed its efficacy was determined by the "state of grace" (or lack thereof) of the priest and congregant involved. In other words, an evil priest could transform ritual of Communion into the work of the devil.
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- Apr 2020
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earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com
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straight
immediately
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With his free duty recommends you thus
"With his freely given loyalty reports to you thus"
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re-stem
retrace
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after
another
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Ottomites
Ottoman Turks
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wage
risk
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latest
last
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pageant
test
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Signior Angelo
Not mentioned elsewhere in the play, Angelus Sorianus was a Venetian sea captain who received the Venetian ambassador bearing from Constantinople the Turkish ultimatum to surrender Cyprus, shortly before its capture by the turks in 1571.
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preparation
battle-ready fleet
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In fearful sense.
In other words: I am not so reassured by the discrepancies as to dismiss the main concern--the approach of a Turkish fleet.
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Tis oft with difference,)
That is, where reports are estimates, there are often discrepancies among them.
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on a just account
"don't exactly agree"
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disproportion’d
inconsistent
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warrant
prohibited and illegal
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inclining
following
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away
along
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attach
arrest
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disputed on
argued by experts
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motion
natural inclination
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Keep up
Put away
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Marry to
"By Mary" (a mild oath; not as firm as "By Christ" :)
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Have with you
"Let's go!"
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carrack
a large merchant ship:
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sequent
successive
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heat.
urgency
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Janus
The two-faced Roman god.
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soul
i.e., "my clear conscience"
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parts
qualities
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unhoused
unconfined
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unbonneted
Without deference; modestly.
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demerits
deserts
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siege
rank
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Tis yet to know
not publicly known
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signiory
Venetian government
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cable.
scope
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potential
powerful
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the magnifico
This is a reference to Brabantio.
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fast
legitimately
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yerk’d
stabbed
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contriv’d
premeditated
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stuff
essence
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command
demand help
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deserve
reward
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property of youth and maidhood
attribute of virginity
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charms
magic
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despised time
lifetime
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raised search,
awakened searchers
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Sagittary
Perhaps indicating an inn named for the astrological sign Sagittarius, where Othello and Desdemona are staying. It may also suggest Othello himself, because Sagittarius is depicted as a centaur (half man, half horse) and Iago has already likened him to a "Barbary horse".
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stand in act
are taking place
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loud
urgent
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embark’d
committed
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safety cast
dismiss
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check
reprimand
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produc’d
presented as a witness
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not meet
proper
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accident
event
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taper
candle
-
tinder
a light
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That from
In opposition to
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odd-even
late (around midnight)
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answer
account for
-
making the beast with two backs.
copulating
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germans
close relatives
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Barbary horse
A horse from northwest coastal Africa:
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nephews
grandsons
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Zounds
Again, "'Swounds" (see above)
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grange
country house
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place
rank
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start
upset
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malicious bravery
defiance
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snorting
snoring
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tupping
copulating with
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Zounds
Should be "Swounds" (meaning "by Christ's wounds")
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timorous accent
frightening tone
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owe
own
-
peculiar
personal
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not I for
I am not driven by
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trimm’d
outwardly decorated
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Whip me
"To hell with"
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cashier’d.
fired
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provender
animal feed
-
content you.
"be content"
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Moor
The official definition: A Muslim of mixed Berber and Arab origin inhabiting northwest Africa. This term, like the comparison of Othello to a "barbary horse" formerly led to a denial of Othello's blackness. But the passage describing his appearance ("black ram" "black Othello" "black/As mine own face") seem to have greater weight. In the Renaissance, "Moor" often meant sub-Saharan African.
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affin’d
am bound in any just way
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gradation
traditional seniority
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affection
In other words, promotion comes through connections and favoritism.
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God bless the mark
God help us!
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ancient
A variant form of "ensign." Iago is something like a standard-bearer or third-in-command. He clearly ranks below "lieutenant" Cassio, the second-in-command. This reference to "his Moorship" is also the first indication of who Iago has been complaining about this whole time...
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propose
in which the glib senators can debate.
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theoric,
learning
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A fellow almost damn’d in a fair wife
Obscure. Cassio has not yet met Bianca and is unmarried (although in Shakespeare's source he is married). Perhaps Shakespeare's error, a reference to Cassio as a ladies' man, or an oblique anticipation of the main plot.
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arithmetician
This implies that Cassio only knows about war theoretically.
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Tush, never tell me,
Expression of annoyance or disbelief.
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Certes,
Certainly
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Nonsuits
Denies
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epithets of wa
i.e., military jargon
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Off-capp’d
Took off their caps
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’Sblood
By Christ's blood
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Iago
Iago's name may be symbolic as it relates to "Santiago" (and may further be a reference to the patron saint of Spain, Santiago Matamoros or "Saint James the Moor Slayer").
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OTHELLO, THE MOOR OF VENICE
Othello exists in two early texts, both of which have a claim to authority.
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- Nov 2019
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aeon.co aeon.co
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It is presumptively wrong to create new beings that are likely to cause significant harm to others.
Premise 2
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procreation on the grounds of what procreation does to the person who is brought into existence.
Premise 1
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starvation, rape, abuse, assault, serious mental illness, infectious disease, malignancy, paralysis.
all the things that can befall man
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every birth is a death in waiting.
So...even if life is really good...it inevitably lead to death.
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The case against procreation need not rest on the view, for which I have been arguing, that coming into existence is always worse than never existing. It is enough to show that the risk of serious harm is sufficiently high.
Because the risk is sufficiently high - we should still not procreate.
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anti-natalism does not imply either suicide or murder
key caveat
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Asking whether it would be better never to have existed is not the same as asking whether it would be better to die.
There is no interest in coming into existence.
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They argue that although life does contain much that is bad, the bad things are necessary (in some or other way) for the good things
Refutation/rebuttal
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there must be more bad than good
Premise - there must be more bad than good (the worst pains are worse than the best pleasures)
-many desires are never satisfied (further down)
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However, if the quality of life can be underestimated it can also be overestimated.
You cannot have it both ways...
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The suggestion that life is worse than most people think is often met with indignation. How dare I tell you how poor the quality of your life is! Surely the quality of your life is as good as it seems to you?
refutation/rebuttal
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houghtful people should pause and reflect rather than hastily dismiss it
He is referring to potential audience as "thoughtful" (or attempting to appeal to such an audience)
-
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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humans were not built to withstand the weight of celebrity.
Premise: "the weight of celebrity"
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Everything is darker now
...but the context has changed
-
because Yeezy never got old.
He never changed his point of view
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The pain of these policies is not equally distributed.
Coates' rebuttal
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West might plead ignorance
Refutation
-
West, who, however blithely, have chosen collaboration.
Argument: West is a "collaborator" who is "dying to be white".
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-
longreads.com longreads.com
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. We need a revolution in the research and the practice of medicine, and we need it yesterday. We need to train doctors to listen to women, and to recognize that their inability to diagnose a woman may not be because she is lying or being hysterical: the problem may be the gender data gaps in their knowledge. It’s time to stop dismissing women, and start saving them.
Main argument
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Male-dominated funding panels may also explain why we have so few drugs available for uterine failure. E
Funding resources for research is determined largely by men.
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one research round-up found five times as many studies on erectile dysfunction than on PMS.
!
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A particularly troubling side effect of Yentl syndrome is that when it comes to medical issues that mainly or only affect women, you can forget about including women in trials because here the research is often lacking altogether.
No research into women's health.
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the average GP “has no idea that drugs such as paracetamol and morphine work differently in women.”
pain medication works differently in men and women
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So why are more women being treated with antidepressants? Are women simply more “feeble-minded”? Does living in a world in which we don’t quite fit affect our mental health? Or are antidepressants the new (and obviously preferable) lobotomy for women dealing with trauma?
Here she is pointing to deeper misogyny that may be affecting how women are perceived in medical settings (and in society generally).
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We no longer lock women up and cut out parts of their brains. Instead, we give women drugs: women are two and a half times more likely to be on antidepressants than men.
The "conundrum of femininity" is now treated with pharmaceuticals.
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Bitches be crazy, as Plato famously said.
A touch of humor here
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they rated the baby as in more discomfort than when the cry was labelled female.
We pay more attention to male pain than female...even from 3 months.
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the traditional medical interview model may be unsuccessful in getting the information from women that is needed to diagnose them effectively.
Because women "downplay their symptoms" they are less likely to get the care they need.
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The traditional advice of using condoms to avoid HIV infection is simply not practicable for many women who lack the social power to insist on their use.
Not only is female anatomy and physiology not taken into account...neither is socialization which may account for lower rates of diagnosis among girls of ADHD and Austim Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
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When symptoms are listed in order of frequency for all patients rather than separated by sex, female-specific symptoms can be presented as less significant than they are in reality.
key point about misdiagnosis across different conditions
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Assuming a woman gets lucky and has her heart disease diagnosed, she must then navigate the obstacle course of male-biased treatment:
Then...if she doesn't die...she still has to be treated (and the treatments are also biased in favor of men
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The tests
So far there are three reasons why the death rates are higher among women 1) common preventatives don't seem to work in women 2) doctors are less likely to spot the symptoms women present with 3) the tests doctors use (i.e. the physical stress test) are less conclusive in women
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se.”
What is this initial example of "Yentl Syndrome" (the higher risk of heart attack for women) meant to illustrate?
-
-
thecorrespondent.com thecorrespondent.com
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universal basic income
He's opening up yet another of his arguments here...
-
excessive work and pressure are status symbols
true!
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The countries with the biggest disparities in wealth are precisely those with the longest workweeks.
Interesting correlation
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we also have to share them across the generations
Great point!
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