The National Research Council (NRC) committee has relayed information suggesting that areas of concentrated incarceration typically lie in minority districts and are “among the most economically and socially disadvantaged sections of U.S. cities” (Crutchfield).

(Walsh).

Now, clearly the evidence shows how openly and excessively people of color are imprisoned today.

These assumptions come from the following findings: in their research, 13% of drug users and sellers are African American, 17% are Latino, and 65% are white. Yet, 50% of those imprisoned for drug crimes are people of color. For non-violent, minor crimes, minority peoples are more commonly imprisoned than white people in America.

This research, collected by Robert Crutchfield, a sociology professor at the University of Washington, and Gregory Weeks, a retired judge of the Superior Court of North Carolina,

Returning to this argument

A study published by The Sentencing Project, an advocacy group aimed at prison reform, based upon U.S. Census and Bureau of Justice Statistics, clearly depicts the imbalance of white, African American, and Latino detainees: according to its findings, African Americans are incarcerated 5.1 times the rate of white people and Latinos are incarcerated 1.4 times the rate of white people (Nellis 3).

Police officers and their internalized bias, skewed policy such as the anti-drug act, there are countless issues within American society today responsible for racial disparity

There is an overrepresentation of minority people in state prisons for many, many structural reasons within the system.

renowned

Walsh

This became the turning point for mass incarceration to come and also exemplified the level of discriminatory policy consistent with the U.S. criminal justice system.

If presented with clear evidence, offenders were sentenced based upon a standardized, national model

This absolutist vision that the court systems in America typically maintain likely stems from history

The United States, possessing one of the most harsh, restrictive sentencing systems in the world views minor, non-violent crimes as worthy of years in prison, whereas other countries never ignore extenuating circumstances such as mental illness or addiction when issuing jail time.

Yet, after one serves their time, it soon becomes clear how difficult for incarcerated individuals it is to advance either socially or financially in society

especially minority groups

owing to a lack of opportunity following time in prison

marginalizes everyone

In today’s state prisons, there are drastically unwarranted racial disparities that can only be the cause of a deep structural racism in both policy and action.

guilty of little more than minor crimes.

Internalized prejudice towards African Americans, Latinos, and other peoples of color have resulted in mass incarceration of minorities,

prominent political protest

his sort of blatant monetary influence in the justice system removes agency from people like Kalief Browder on a class scale, undermining the very principles of life liberty and equality provided for in the constitution.

New Jersey

However, not having enough money to pay for bail should not be the “particular circumstances,” under which society commits the accused to an unhealthy system that threatens their livelihood.

The deleterious effects of pretrial detention, consistently encourage many defendants to simply plead guilty.

The increased rates of self harm and suicidal acts prove Browder’s case to be anything but anomalous

Endemic misbehavior in jails leads to an increasing institutional dependence on solitary confinement as a disciplinary measure.

difficult

While data is limited, studies suggest

nmates are often

agency

backlogged

according a 2012

Of the approximately thirteen thousand people awaiting trial in New Jersey Jails in 2013, five thousand were there “solely due to their inability to meet the terms of bail

While many take bail for granted

likely to lose

Kalief suffered beatings and solitary confinement

jail

those who cannot afford to pay it can lose their jobs, their future, and, in the case of Kalief Browder, their lives

In May of 2010, police officers responding to a 911 call about a stolen backpack stopped and arrested Kalief Browder and his friend.