REF to hydrology in The Netherlands chapter

Numbers based on .

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Fig. 2.9 Operation of a reservoir monitored using summation curves.#

Fig. 2.8 Summation curve of inflow, also known as the Rippl diagram.#

Fig. 2.5 Characteristics of a reservoir with a dam.#

Fig. 2.3 Fluxes and storages of the water balance between different subareas. Fluxes are given as circles, storage components as boxes.#

Fig. 2.2 Size and distribution of annual average precipitation and evaporation (worldwide).

Schematization of the hydrological cycle on the land surface.#

For drinking water and industrial water supply, about 1,100 million m³/year of groundwater is extracted. However, such extraction has consequences. Groundwater levels can drop, and the direction of groundwater flow can change. Since groundwater plays a significant ecological role, these effects are unwanted. Hydrological research, however, has shown that only about 25% of these drying-out issues can be attributed to withdrawals for drinking water supply. The majority of the problems are caused by drainage for agriculture, polder water management, and lowering due to urbanization