Agents with significant MSA include propranolol, acebutolol, betaxolol, and oxprenolol.

triad

Differentiating PGD from MDD

Multiple factors appear to increase the risk of PGD, including depression, anxiety disorders, current substance use/abuse, multiple losses, particularly stressful circumstances surrounding the death, lack of social supports, uncertainty about the death, and the unavailability of usual mourning rituals.

lasts well beyond the period expected by social and cultural norms (6 months in ICD-11 and 1 year in DSM-5-TR)

response to bereavement

the situation

They defined a Polarity Index value greater than 1.0 as having a relative greater antimanic prophylactic efficacy, whereas a value less than 1.0 would have a relative greater antidepressive efficacy.

consider acamprosate in patients with abstinence at treatment initiation and are motivated to maintain abstinence liver disease current treatment with opioids for pain (contraindication to naltrexone) or opioid addiction polypharmacy or multiple comorbid medical issues, because acamprosate has no significant interactions with other drugs