montiroing is collecting the data from different resource and in real time and checking if it working fine or not it can be network,hardware software anything. Alerting is if something goes wrong in the environment notifing the correct person about the issue it can be done in serveral ways through email,slack,teams,sms,on call engineer

Tracing is the process continuous recording of operational signal whether it may be latency,logs etc and sending to storage resoure

metrics monitoring is used to alert users for availability and performance of the system

These systems collect, aggregate, store, analyze, and display various metrics in real-time or near real-time. If any system behave abnormally this systems will send an alert