that allow their products to mean what they want it to mean
I think we've seen a bit of this in terms of the subtle shift of definition of alignment.
that allow their products to mean what they want it to mean
I think we've seen a bit of this in terms of the subtle shift of definition of alignment.
why limit it to fictional examples
Sure, but I don't think it is
working of these developments is fanciful.
Strong disagree: I think the relevant details of AI are quite straightforward
still relies on fictional examples
I don't think this is particularly true.
I think a lot of the debate about AI is infused with sociological concepts that identify AI with "capitalism" or other social groups or forces.
Rather than understanding the core or definition of these tools, we trade examples.
The core definition may well be irrelevant from a social level and then comparisons to sociological concepts (e.g. secretary) might be more helpful
are judged and seen
Don't disagree
inevitable and progress
What about terminator... also cuberpunk... also a whole bunch of science fiction.
metaphors
Nothing but metaphors
powerful corporations.
Also other people
n our grounding enhancement pr
Would it do a better job if it learned in an RL environment?
While
When do we start wanting to forget things and when should we forget things.
improve
Why doesn't the model get things right the first time.
where we prompt LLMs to find problems
Obvious layers of meta:
Reflexion:
Input -> output Think about process Feed output back in
Could we use this as training to feed back into the model
surpasses supervised learning (SL) and reinforcement learning (RL)
Bold claim
ReAct
What exact is react.
LLM
The role of the LLM to collect knowledge is almost being removed.
Ablation Study
Interesting - remove modules rather layers of a model
A main limitation of this work is that interac-tive feedback with a computationally expensivemodel such as ChatGPT can significantly slowdown the user experience
Might be a concern for us
factuality
What's this
Utility
Rebirth of multiple model set ups
ootstrapping from a rule-based policy
How is this turned into something model understands
calling the LLM to generatea candidate response
Does thiis state feed back into the knowledge collector
acquiring evidence e for q from exter-nal knowledg
This supports multiop
ChatGPT by 32.3% inUsefulness (measuring the groundedness or hal-lucination of model responses) and 12.9% in Hu-manness (measuring the fluency and informative-ness of model responses
This is something we could do potentially with a knowledge base
LLM-AUGMENTER then verifies thecandidate response e.g., by checking whether ithallucinates evidence. If so, LLM-AUGMENTERgenerates a feedback message
Interesting - limiting the model to pure reason
and performing reasoning to form evidence chains
evidence chain = logic
PnP
very microsoft
proposed methods requirefinetuning the parameters of a LLM, which can beprohibitively expensive as the size of LLMs growsexponentially
Moving stuf into prompt
Our models generalize to the preferences of "held-out" labelers that did not produce any train-ing data.
It works
nfer its beliefs
i've seen people prompting a model to "try to be truthful"
FLAN
Transnfer learning on innstructions
Reinforcement learning (RL).
The "action" is the output from the model.
The point of the reinforcement learning is that we add scores (from out model) to the outtput.
i wonder if this is similar to some of the "beauty" metrics in gpt-3
eward modeling (RM)
i seem to remember this is similar to cicero that trains "human like moves"
reward model
interesting two stage process
Our models generalize to the preferences of “held-out” labelers that did not produce any train-ing data
we ran a test
RLHF
this intrigues me
alignment tax”
still getting triggered by people calling sanitizing the model "alignment".
Though, given what happened to galactica versus chatgpt, which were prettty similar efforts, perhaps sanitising for groups that moan is necessary.
DROP
NLU on paragraphg
InstructGPT models show improvements in truthfulness over GPT-3.
That is interesting... is there some sort of "hallucinate" feature
harmless
This is impossible
not being biased, toxic, or otherwise harmful.
These are frequently not the users intention, but rather than the intention of certain groups within society, society as a whole, governments, or the providers of models.
misaligned
feels a bit like appropriation of terminology
truthfulness
"I can't do that Dave" is perhaps not truthful...
fine-tune GPT-3 using supervisedlearning
fine tuning on top of GPT-3
user intent
individual user intent is meaningful.
aligned with their users
There is alignment between users as well (or disalignmet)
toxic
I suspect toxicness, truthfulness and helpfulness pull in different directions.
I'm not sure the word toxic should end up in this page.
If it is deterministic,then it is zero.
That's an interesting idea - entropy measures the different between randomness and determinism.
“contractanalysis
This sort of represents producing a high level summary of a contract
he lowest level of work in reviewing a contractis to find “needles in a haystack.”
High recall low precsion. Phil was talking about this idea
BERT model from 2018 attains 8.2% while a DeBERTa model from 2021 attains 44.0%
We might like to make sure we are using the most up to date models. Also see: https://anubhav20057.medium.com/step-by-step-guide-abstractive-text-summarization-using-roberta-e93978234a90
$500
lol
13,000
26 clauses per contract on average
a small number of important clauses
key terms
You must usually pay the fine within 14 days
No. The offer to dispense with liability is time bounded, and you must accept of decline within a period of time.
, you might be able to appeal against (‘challenge’) paying the fine
No, you don't challenge the fixed penalty notice. You decline to accept the issuers officer to dispense liability.
fine
A fixed penalty notice is not a fine.
It is an opportunity to discharge any liability.
after you committed the offence
You have not committed an offence.
committed
You are accused of an offence, you have only commited a crime once you are prosecuted. Agreeing to paying a FPN if effectively buying immunity to prosecution of an offence.
All of us benefit as men from the ways in which violence helps to sustain male dominance in society as well as in the interpersonal contexts in which it is enacted
No
It is often said that one of the few emotions society permits men to express is anger.
No, it specifically doesn't give men the permission to express anger.
They tell a story of attempts to assert, or reclaim, masculine power and control – be that against women, other men, children, animals, the environment…even against ourselves, in terms of the range of self-destructive behaviours that our inability to meet unattainable standards of masculinity can feed into.
:( that's a fairly densely packed set of assertions.
way that masculinity has been constituted in profit-obsessed
Really. The definition of masculinity is the cause of male suicide.
They see rights as a zero-sum game
Evidence please.
overlapping with white supremacists, incels and the far right, and embodied in the person of Jordan Peterson.
"lol". Sorry annottions should have factual content.
feminism overlaps with "radical anarchism" and communism and misandry.
This is a lazy and unfactual attempt to correlate a lot of thigns together.
rabid
"rabid"
90% of the population in 75 countries is biased against women
Biased in favour you mean (see the women are wonderful effect).
But fine, I'll accept that there are some gender stereotypes that negatively effect women.
women’s rights
Women's rights or women's issues?
I write this within 24 hours of two of our colleagues in the profession being seriously assaulted in their consulting rooms
Rude behaviour is not the same as assaul.t
You don’t swear at us, and you don’t speak to us or our staff in an aggressive way.
You don't get to decide how other pepole behave
Some involved general anger or rudeness
That's not abuse.
I’m not going to help you if you speak to me like that. It’s not acceptable
This makes me so angry. We patients are given constant excuses as to why it isn’t happening. But we know we would get the right treatment if we were younger. Fifty years on from when I lay in that ghastly ward watching old women lie untreated until they died, I see the same prejudice and ageism in the health system today.
So it seems quite straightforward that better practice might be involved for this disease. I'm unclear it is prejudice.
Few places in the UK have a fast-track system to hospital, so even if the GP diagnoses it, people can wait weeks to get to hospital and proper treatment.
A and E!
It’s at least three times more common in women than men
This citation I found disagreed with this. This find it is about twice as common in women as men: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11838850
You had to shout if you wanted a nurse; the nurses came intermittently and, when they did, regularly complained that the women were disturbing them.
Pretty much still the same !
It was the sort of place you would never wish to end up.
At least you get to leave.
I have experienced it myself as part of what should be a national scandal
Evidence please
The vast majority of patients and callers treat our staff with the utmost respect, but a small minority do not
It is not the public responsibility to treat you with respect. It is there responsibilty to act within the law, and do what they think is moral
Today marks the first ever ‘Awesome Movement Day’ to thank emergency service staff for the job they do and encourage others to show their appreciation in simple ways
This is unrelated to the question of abuse.
that emergency services staff deserve to be treated with respect.
It depends what you mean by respect.
Every time a crew is attacked, they have to come off the streets either for treatment or to provide statements to police
You wrap yourself in the suffering of others and use it to make people give you things.
other personal attacks each year
See "other personal attack" is very different from a violent threat.
Physical and verbal assaults
"Verbal assault" is not very different from physical staff.
making up excuses, being lazy and blaming others.
Go fuck yourself. If I was standing next to you I would smash your face into a table.
tasks
I would agree with that
ability to concentrate in order to study
I would agree with that
told
"told" How exactly do you know these things are ture.
What really are the benefits of studying Mathematics?
Screw you with your noselect opion.
Rather than requiring the removal of specific pieces of legal content,
This doesn't necessarily make things better. It just makes the censorship diffuse and difficult to define.
state what content and behaviour is acceptable on their sites and then for platforms to enforce this consistently.
Pseudolaw
nor require companies to remove specific pieces of legal content
But you will require companies to prevent the posting / remove categories of content.
These figures are higher than corresponding statistics for ‘offline’ bullying, indicating the increased potential for harm.
Those who are exposed to cyberbullying may be predisposed to depression.
Two thirds of adults in the UK are concerned about content online, and close to half say that they have seen hateful content in the past year
Claim to democratic authority.
Terrorist propaganda and vile online child sexual abuse destroy lives and tear families and communities apart
Why are these being addressed at the same time?
where pluralism and freedom of expression are protected.
Freedom of expresion is valued - this is an important point.
technology are shared widely across communities
redistribution capitalism
fair and efficient markets
Free market economic framing
we must confront the online threats and harms it can propagate, and protect those who are vulnerable to them.
This is certainly true, but it should be noted that preventing harms oiuld also prevent harnessing of the internet's advantages.
This is an exciting and unprecedented age of digital opportunity, and this government is committed to unleashing the full power of this country’s first-class technology and boosting our standing in the world.
Values define action. Here we define a value of technology boosting "standing in the world"
The fact that "country in the world" and "go online" are in some sense mutual exclusive might require some comment in this speech.
One additional woman on a local council resulted in a 40% expansion of public childcare in their district
Is that a good thing? Your statement is that women advocate for their own needs.
but it’s a fact they only account for 23% of parliamentarians worldwide.
Global statistics aren't necessarily relevant for the UK
Abuse is any action that violates a person’s human or civil rights.
:eye roll:
distributed monolith
Distributed monolity :)
If they only blame others for the problem and never admit their own faults, you have a red flag that they might do this at your company later on.
A bunch of lazy idiots who thing they understand anything express random prejudice to decide who is toxic or not. Repeating self-help drivel.
Did you know there can be such a thing as too much agency?
However, not all entrepreneurs are experienced enough to identify every potential issue during the job interview itself
Eye roll.
negative energy
I mean... some negativity isn't necessarily a bad thing. I guess lack of agency is perhaps a bad thing, but I think fear of bad things is potentially a good thing.
Aggregates
This is a nice concept. We define groups where we have to be aware of the group as a whole, and then this gives us ordering constraints.
Choose modules that tell the story of the system and contain a cohesive set of concepts.
Okay. This is what the other person was getting at. Your services and modules can be defined within a high level domain language.
Modules
Ugh. This stuff is getting odd. The idea is that we pull concepts from programming and systems design up into our modelliong language. But this is done at a high level, this then influences how the model itself is designed so that it more programmable.
13Domain Events
A metamodel of models :/
at the value object as immutable.
Okay... that is a weird idea.
One is partitioning objects into those that persist for a period of time (identity) and those that can change (value objects) and demanding that those things that can change be immutable.
attaching identity
I don't know what identity means here... persists for a long time.
The model must define what it means to be the same thing.
Quine :). No entity without identity.
e domain objects, free of the responsibility of displaying themselves, storing themselves, managing application tasks, and so forth, can be focused on expressing the domain model. T
This is language driven development - a concept that comes up in lisp.
I think it also there is rubi metaprogaraming.
When the domain-‐related code is diffused through such a large amount of other code, it becomes extremely difficult to see and to reason about.
Hmm.... language indicates models, indicates common functionality.
Can you actually apply this in practice without your head exploding. I guess it can influence what yuo are thinking and be part of your role.
Continuous Integration
I think you might need to embed this into the social structure of your organization.
hen refactor the code, renaming classes, methods, and modules to conform to the new model.
That is pretty extreme...
"Rewrite all literature and papers in line with new language". I guess that does happen in the form of textbooks.
Commit theteam to exercising that language relentlessly in all communication within the team and in the code.
:S :( :/ "think this way".
I mean... I have no issue with prcise language and an attempt ot use precise language. And constructing glossaries can be useful.
e dialects can be a common language because none serves all needs.
Well you can build a bigger taxonomy... but there are advantages to have a samll model.
Translation blunts communication and makes knowledge crunching anemic.
:/ translation tests your model, maps it and exposes its limits.
And even the same person uses different language in speech and in writing,
Sure. I would note that people also use difference languages when writing.
The terminology of day-‐to-‐day discussions is disconnected from the terminology embedded in the code
This is not just about terminology - it is about the logic and metaphors that come along with this terminology, whether these metaphors are accurate, what they imply.
Multiple models are inevitable, yet when code based on distinct models is combined, software becomes buggy, unreliable, and difficult to understand.
Evidence needed.
different ways through lack of communication.
Whether this bad or not rather depends on the cost involved and the size of your organization.
Explore modelsin a creative collaboration of domain practitioners and software practitioners
it is important that programmers programming reflects the real world - so the input of domain practictioners is important.
context
Okay... this is weird. Why is theory of language getting into this model.
ubiquitous language
Interesting we can identify domains y language.
domain
It feels like this definition of domain does not correspond well with architecture.
ctivity.
Activity is the main idea.
A sphere of knowledge,
knowledge is irrelevant from a design perspective. Unless it creates expectations of how thhings should be organized or what things mean in the mind the the user or the programmer.
Programming is not a sociological act, and shouldn't necessarily be influenced by sociological ideas - unless these exist in the people who interact wit the code
abuse
Care should be taken in defining abuse. Factors that might be involved:
I muttered something under my breath about contempt in the face of the court,
That is potentially the wrong legal device to use, how about attempted murder? Or assault?
Traditionally, Parliament made the law and judges applied it
No traditional judges made the law and applied it.
pronouncing on what the law ought to be and supplanting Parliament.
In a limited way, through the legislation and the interpretation of precedent.
not fair
So, let's suppose someone has killed your mother and left you parallized and avoids prosecution by lying, and everyone at the trial feels sympathy for them.
Are you meant to not think things are fnot unfair?
You can control your anger, and you have a responsibility to do so
Indeed. It should be noted that excessive "control" of anger can be counterproductive however. And the focus solely on control here is therefore problematic.
However, it can be a problem if you find it difficult to keep it under control.
It can also be a sign that you are too angry due to underlying issues such as abuse by organization, individuals, lack of assertiveness, ideological issues etc.
art of the fight or flight
That is misleading. Anger can trigger the fight or flight system.
Braverman has also sparked controversy in legal circles. She has called for the UK to “take back control, not just from the EU but from the judiciary”, challenged the Human Rights Act, and complained that “judicial review has exploded since the 1960s”.
Hmm... what is this article for? It does seem rather odd to include this detail in an article.
one of Buddhism’s largest sects,
And this is what makes the story boring.
It is also a formidable challenge, since Sir David's scholarly reputation is so high as to discourage comparison.
Self congratualtory bullshit
gure 1: Live male births per 100 live female births, England, Wales and Scotland
linked
premised on unremitting male disadvantage
A single issue party raising examples of disadvtange
It was not the first time Davies has intervened in parliamentary proceedings with the clear purpose of derailing measures intended to tackle violence against women and girls
I do not believet hisis true.
the Female Offender Strategy
What does this mean?
Good thing they aren't - only the criminals
Smile
Creepy. Just leave women alone.
Fifth, we must focus on responsibility, not blame
Norp
I have greatly benefitted from privilege throughout my life.
I have not suffered from discrimination for much of my life.
sex and health
They also focus on the responsibility of men for women.
When I looked the first page on their ethics page was:
" Acknowledging (White Heterosexual Able-Bodied Male) Privilege Maybe it’s not your fault, but it is your responsibility."
But under no circumstances should men have any legal rights over women’s pregnancies.
Well... the right that people talk about is the right to have no responsibility for the resultant child. I'm not sure I approve of this.
just shut up
No, you shut up! Quality arguments.
Men have the right to avoid conceiving unplanned pregnancies either by choosing not to have sex or to use condom
It should be noted this is less than the corresponding rights that women have: women can have abortions.
last year’s 11% fall in the number of male victims is hugely welcome
Hurrah! Also maybe the drop in the over all number of victims.
241
About half the 429 victims... I guess that's where the focus should lie right?
, is contrary to the genius of the law of England
:)
No-one is going to turn down an offer to Cambridge because of which college they get pooled to.
Newnham college for you :p
this
The Act has been twisted, with ‘rights’ increasingly derided as foreign impositions, serving only criminals and terrorists.
I suspect the issue might be that the law gets interpreted in another country.
and how the Common Law System came about from around the 11th century.
Boring :p
The court must first decide whether the case falls under the ‘careless’ category or whether it is serious enough to be considered ‘dangerous
This might be decided by the CPS rather than the court.
Remind the employee of their contractual obligations.
Threatening people can be a bad way of making people do things.
You may well be asking someone to write you a bad review by doing this.
software change management
Whenever I read this I feel as if I have to fight against a swell of hatred for instrumentalism to interest with the piece.
And I thought that it was merely a term used for memes.
Sigh. Why are you writing about someting you don't know about.
signs of a man child.
Signs of people you don't like. Why are these signs so important?
Are you just telling people not to do things. Perhaps you are just thinking about something you don't like.
Do you have alternative behaviour? Are you defining a continuum.
better
"better" I guess better.
Code satifies more constraints etc.
professional
"professional". It ensures readability.
perfectly
The reviewer does not necessarily know this perfectly.
Why It Is So Important
It is industry best practice, and it serves a number of functions, could these be served in another way. E.g. pair programming?
WE’VE BEEN TRAINED TO CREATE GOALS
Interesting... I'm not sure I have.
One of the most important aspects of alignment is that everyone knows their place within their team, and that teams know their place within the whole organisation.
This is negotiated.
Rewarding tasks that have a clear impact on organisational goals is a great way to reinforce the message that your employees are contributing to the success of the whole business
"Here have a lolly"
there's no way you can align anyone's tasks to it.
Almost certainly not true.
how they contribute to its broader aims.
How about how the company contributes to the aims of the individuals?
At its most basic level, an aligned organisation is one where everyone is on the same page
But everyone isn't on the same page, and can't be on the same page. I mean... they can understand what everything is for etc.
Aligned incentives
This.
Then reward the team for achieving the goal with an afternoon off, a party, etc.
"reward"
And learning to code, no matter how good they get at it, won’t gain them entrance to a club run by people who don’t look like them.
I don't believe it. Look at medicine, look at dentisry look, look at law.
gatekeeping starts
You are assuming that gatekeeping only serves a bad purpose. It also guarantees quality. Coding has one of the loosest gate keeping.
If boot camp graduates succeed, they’ll flood the market, devaluing the entire profession.
Industry growht.
The pipeline is not the problem
So.... my experience from one company is that there just aren't that many female candidates.
Front-end developing is a feminizing subfield rather than a masculinizing one.
So... why don't I care about front-end development. I guess I think of it as easy, and boring, and churny, and filled with opinion, and less truth, and ancilliary, and not core etc etc.
And it emerged in order to push women out of programming as men moved into what had originally been female jobs.
Come one. Is that actually what happened? Or was there growth with most of the growht being male
nothing on a computer is any more or less logical than anything else
That is wrong.
It depends what you mean by logical. Parts of logic:
professionalized
:S not necessarily a good think
the technology industry enforces a distinct gender hierarchy between front-end and back-end development
"enforces" who is the technology industry, who is doing the enforcing.
But in practice, when more women enter a role, its value seems to go down more.
Supply and demand, willingness to change job, competitveness.
the women who are so assiduously learning to code seem to be devaluing certain tech roles simply by occupying them.
Interesting...
Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men.
That is an interesting statistics.
Twitter use 66% male: https://www.statista.com/statistics/828092/distribution-of-users-on-twitter-worldwide-gender/
Reddit use: 66% male https://www.statista.com/statistics/261765/share-of-us-internet-users-who-use-reddit-by-gender/
This is probably the most informative paper:
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/09/12/its-iia-womans-social-media-world/
There is an important distinction between using something andd how much you use it.
proper
"proper"
For security reasons
Garbage... there is probably a better way of saying that but "security" when no actual reason is given.
Trauma assails brown and black women from all directions.
Hmmm
In other words, the woman saw a personal attack where there wasn’t one and decided to remind the panellists that as a member of the white majority she ultimately has their fate in her hands.
Seems accurate. Of course... there the subtly here comes down to the degree to which you see "white people" as a homogenous group that has power and agency.
self-identified white woman
:/ I'm not sure you get to "self-identify" as white... or rather your self-identification makes little difference.
dominant white culture
The dominant culture is not necessaril "white" as such. Also perhaps "common" is better than dominant.
Under this scenario, the wife has some non-zero likelihood of punishment under a future regime,
Expanding the realm of consideration.
final
This is the issue.
rule-scepticism,
There are different forms of scepticism.