Invasive Techniques
We won't talk about these methods but they are additional techniques than may be used in other health care settings.
26 Matching Annotations
- Aug 2025
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govUrinalysis11
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Quality Control and Lab Safety
Important information to consider when administer and reading the test
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Cells
You'll want to pay attention to this section- what cells related to which condition/dx
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Casts
Don't worry about the specific details of this section. You need a general understanding.
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Urinary tract infection
Common condition seen in athletes- this is a big marker for it
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diabetic ketoacidosis
Also known as DKA; This is a medical emergency that we will talk about later in the semester.
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Liver dysfunction
This is what we primarily think about when evaluating bilirubin
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Diabetes mellitus, Cushing syndrome
We'll talk more about both of these later this semester.
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Proteinuria is another critical finding.
In athletes, you can see increase protein in the urine but it does not always mean a big issue. We'll talk about Athlete proteinuria later in the semester.
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Specific Gravity (USG)/Osmolality (O)
This is important when assessing hydration status for weight certifications for wrestlers.
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Results, Reporting, and Critical Findings
You do not need to know all of the associations, but pay attention to what you might see in the physically active.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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The integration of doppler to echocardiography allows clinicians to assess cardiovascular hemodynamics, including blood flow across valves to diagnose valvular stenosis and/or regurgitation.
We'll talk about this with the guest speaker
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An important aspect of anatomy and physiology that is evaluated on echocardiography is the function of cardiac muscle during systole and diastole
This allows us to see the heart functioning in real time rather than a still image or snap shot
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Echocardiography is a low cost, at times minimally invasive, and readily available test that can provide information that can change the treatment course, and in some cases, provide real-time life-saving information.
This is an important consideration
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The most commonly used technique among these is transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). This allows the clinician to obtain real-time sizes, structure, and function of the heart during the cardiac cycle. Another useful and important use of these methods is stress echocardiography. Stress echocardiography is the combination of standard transthoracic echocardiography and either pharmacological or physical stress to the cardiac structures to assess wall motion abnormalities. Physical stresses may include running on a treadmill, and pharmacological stress, including medications.[3] When higher resolution imaging of cardiac structures, including valves, is required, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is considered. TEE is more invasive than standard TTE, as it requires the insertion of a probe into the patient's esophagus to obtain images not hindered by the patient's chest wall, including; muscle, tissue, and bone. When more accurate and even higher-resolution imaging is needed, during intracardiac procedures, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is an option that can be considered.
Different types of Echos
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Echocardiography is the use of ultrasound to evaluate the structural components of the heart in a minimally invasive strategy.
When thinking Echo, think structure; when thinking EKG, think electrical
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The use of echocardiography in asymptomatic patients includes screening patients who have first degree relatives with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), aortic aneurysms or dissections, and those athletes that have electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. These patients may not have any immediate complaints, but their strong family history should give the clinician a high pretest probability to order an Echocardiogram. For example, patients with HCM may have a family history of sudden cardiac death in 1st-degree relatives at a young age.
HCM is an important condition we'll talk about in the cardiac section
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There are, however, contraindications to stress and transesophageal echocardiography. Some of the common contraindications to stress echocardiography include acute myocardial infarction within two days, severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, heart failure exacerbation, acute pericarditis, uncontrolled arrhythmias, hypertension (more than 200/110 mmHg), and unstable angina not stabilized medically.
All tests have indications and contraindications
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When performing transthoracic echocardiography, the patient should be in a left decubitus position. This allows the heart to fall closer to the anterior thoracic wall, making sonography easier. The probe is placed on the skin at multiple positions, including parasternal long axis, parasternal short axis, apical four-chamber, and subxiphoid. The probe is positioned in the intercostal spaces to avoid the scattering effects of bone.
Side lying on their left side
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It is useful in identifying the cause, location, and severity of myocardial ischemia, atrial sizes, ejections fraction (EF), left ventricular hypertrophy, and presence of valvular disease
A quick and non-invasive test that can tell us a lot
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- May 2023
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accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com
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The clinical application of the work of these disciplines is performed to improve and maintain an individual's functional capacities for physical labor, exercise, and sports. Sports medicine also includes the prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries related to exercise and sports.
Ask a question in class
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- Dec 2016
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humankinetics.com humankinetics.com
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Stephanie M. Mazerolle, PhD, ATC; Kelly D. Pagnotta, MA, ATC; Kristin A. Applegate, MA, ATC; Douglas J. Casa, PhD, ATC, FACSM, FNATA; and Carl M. Maresh, PhD, FACSM • University of Connecticut
As you read different scholarly works, take a look at the authors. This will help you become familiar with names of different athletic trainers and their specialty areas. Dr. Casa is one of the leading researchers on heat related illness/death. He works at University of Connecticut.
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Lack of familiarity with the term “athletic trainer” was evident from references to “trainer” that were related a misunderstanding of the full scope of practice of an athletic trainer.
A common problem between health care professionals is lack of understanding of the profession and responsibilities. Health care education is trying to combat that with the increase demand for inter-professional education so students in professional study learn together, interact and learn from other health care professionals in their schooling.
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Discussion
The discussion involves information and conclusions the researchers pulled from their found data and what previous research studies found/show.
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qualitative methods
Qualitative research includes interviews and small group work where the researchers pull out common themes of the information shared. This is different than qualitative research, which is the research you're most familiar with.
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The purpose of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of working relationships between the EMS personnel and athletic trainers. Questions we sought to answer are (a) What are the perceptions of EMS personnel concerning the professional role of the athletic trainer? and (b) How can EMS personnel and the athletic trainer work together to optimize patient care?
This is the hypothesis of the study
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