This source discusses one of the earliest moments of trolling. The BBC broadcast an April Fool's video showing spaghetti growing on trees. This surprisingly worked because the people of Britain were not yet familiar with spaghetti, convincing many that spaghetti actually grew on trees. This is considered one of the most significant instances of trolling by an official broadcasting network. However, this being such a big event, it is still considered harmless, especially in comparison to the trolling that goes on today.

I really appreciated the inclusion of Whitney Phillips’s “Internet Troll Sub-Culture’s Savage Spoofing of Mainstream Media” (Scientific American, 2015) — it gives a grounded, cultural perspective on trolling that complements the ethical discussions nicely. I wonder whether there are more recent studies that explore how trolling has shifted into coordinated “political influence” efforts that would update or extend Phillips’s observations.

Link leads to a website where people can disscuss, review, and rate video-games. They can also read about the lastest news, developments, and updates on current or future games they are interested in

Regarding the FBI–King suicide letter incident, I believe this is a classic case of government interference in citizens' rights. For every ordinary person, we should ensure our rights are not violated and courageously protect ourselves.

This was a prank done in 1957 however, I have heard about it in recent years. Basically, the BBC pranked British people into believing that spaghetti grew from trees. They were able to fool so many people since not many people in Britain knew about the origins of pasta, but this form of trolling is rather light compared to what's going on nowadays.

This article talks about how Jaboukie Young-White, a comedian who impersonated the FBI account on twitter by changing his profile picture and user name handle. Whom then proceeded to post an insulting "joke" about Martin Luther King Jr. assassination on MLK day. In attempts of some morbid humor he posted the tweet which immediately had twitter take down the tweet and his account --- leading to his suspension. This controversial tweet had some people questioning the boundaries of jokes/comedy with inappropriate insulting behavior. As his attempts were intentionally supposed to be funny but truly just came off offensive and disrespectful.

I found this article very interesting. I wouldn't have thought that someone would dedicate their study to trolls, but I guess there is an expert on everything out there somewhere. I would like to hear more about the in person interactions with trolls because it said that she met and conversed with 30. I want to know how these conversations go, does she pretend that she is also really into trolling and then at the end tell them that she is investigating them and almost troll them herself. I would watch a show that was along the lines of that.

[g32] argues that ignoring rarely stops harassment; abusers escalate to force a reaction. The piece advocates platform-level moderation and removals, shifting responsibility from victims to systems. This directly reinforces §7.4’s critique of “don’t feed the trolls” and grounds the chapter’s recommendation in reported cases rather than abstract principle.

Knowing how the fight was already difficult to change the vote itself but it took overturning the entire system for female inequality. Suffrage being a direct challenge towards a woman's legal status as dependents and a way to improve the progressive Era Reform movement.

Pero Sócrates tuvo razón en algo: la escritura sí atrofió nuestra memoria. No la de todos, por supuesto, pero sin duda relegó el acto de recordar a un segundo plano, tanto individual como colectivamente.

Me parece significativa esta frase porque hace una clara referencia a cómo la IA, hasta cierto punto, nos vuelve esclavos y perezosos. Con esto no me refiero a que la IA sea mala (como se menciona en el texto), sino que me llama la atención la manera en que, tanto ahora como antes, las personas prefieren un método más sencillo que uno complicado para lograr el objetivo que tienen en mente. Antes se trataba de recordar, lo cual se facilitó con la escritura; ahora, en cambio, hablamos de tareas más cotidianas: escribir, buscar la solución a un problema, pedir consejos, tomar decisiones, etc.

Como se menciona en la frase, no es una cuestión de bueno o malo, sino de que, como seres humanos, solemos buscar la facilidad en nuestras vidas. Inevitablemente, esto ha ocurrido, ocurre y seguirá ocurriendo a medida que sigamos evolucionando como sociedad.

Pero, a cambio, la escritura nos abrió la posibilidad de conocer mucho más allá de lo que puede guardar una memoria humana individual.

Esta frase es otra que me llamó mucho la atención debido a que refleja bien la realidad que tenemos en este momento con la IA. Si, es criticada por muchos, pero al mismo tiempo nos abrió puertas y caminos que antes no éramos capaces de visualizar.

La IA es una herramienta que debe usarse con responsabilidad y cabeza para no volvernos dependientes, pero reitero, no es que sea algo malo, solo debe tomarse como lo que es: una herramienta en la que uno puede apoyarse.

Pienso que esta frase en particular tiene un sentido crítico y muestra el riesgo de volvernos cómodos. Si dejamos que las inteligencias artificiales hagan todo, dejamos a un lado habilidades que teníamos y omitiendo hacer esas cosas por nuestra cuenta. Es como si por usar una calculadora dejáramos de saber hacer cuentas rápido. Lo que empezó como una ayuda, termina convirtiéndose en un contraste entre libertad y dependencia.

En esta parte del texto el autor dice algo que me parece muy interesante. Es verdad que la inteligencia artificial es una herramienta bastante útil, pero también ha hecho que muchas personas piensen menos o se reten menos a sí mismas. Aun así, no estoy del todo de acuerdo con la idea de que usarla todos los días nos haría perder nuestras habilidades. Para mí, saber usar bien la inteligencia artificial también es una habilidad importante. Si se utiliza como apoyo y no como sustituto, puede ayudarnos a trabajar con más eficiencia y a cometer menos errores, sobre todo en el ámbito laboral. Creo que, más que quitarnos capacidades, podría potenciarlas si aprendemos a usarla de la manera correcta

Esto lo interpreto como una reflexión del autor sobre el doble efecto que puede tener la inteligencia artificial en nuestra forma de pensar y aprender. Así como la escritura debilitó la memoria, la IA podría hacer que dependamos menos de nuestras propias habilidades cognitivas; sin embargo, también nos brinda la oportunidad de acceder a una cantidad de información y conocimiento mucho mayor de la que podríamos alcanzar por nosotros mismos. El autor parece querer mostrar que toda herramienta tecnológica implica una pérdida, pero también una ganancia, y que lo importante es encontrar un equilibrio entre aprovechar sus beneficios sin dejar de ejercitar nuestras capacidades humanas

Esto lo interpreto como una advertencia del autor, ya que al volvernos dependientes de la inteligencia artificial podríamos perder nuestra capacidad crítica y de aprendizaje, de la misma forma en que Sócrates pensaba que la escritura debilitaba la memoria.

La escritura debe seguir siendo una forma de arte, incluso en tiempos de inteligencia artificial. Aunque la IA pueda generar textos o ideas, carece de emociones, vivencias y conciencia, elementos esenciales para crear arte verdadero. Escribir no es solo comunicar, sino expresar lo que sentimos y pensamos, transformar nuestras experiencias en palabras con sentido humano. Por eso, debemos aprender a usar la tecnología como una herramienta de apoyo, sin dejar que sustituya nuestra voz ni nuestra creatividad. El equilibrio está en aprovechar lo que ofrece la IA, pero siempre aportando nuestro toque personal, crítico y sensible, porque solo así la escritura mantiene su esencia artística.

Claro que si, decir que Aristóteles fue de los últimos en “saberlo todo” tiene sentido si entendemos que ese “todo” era el conocimiento accesible en su mundo: en Atenas y el entorno helénico podía reunir y ordenar mucha información, pero fuera de ese horizonte había saberes (por ejemplo de China o América) que ni siquiera se imaginaban. Eso no le quita mérito; más bien nos recuerda que la amplitud del conocimiento siempre está limitada por las herramientas y las redes de su época, y que conviene admirar su logro sin olvidar la modestia intelectual.

La inteligencia artificial representa una nueva revolución tecnológica que, al igual que las anteriores, exige de nosotros una capacidad de adaptación inteligente y crítica. A lo largo de la historia, cada avance (desde la máquina de vapor hasta la era digital) generó miedo y resistencia, pero también impulsó transformaciones positivas cuando aprendimos a integrarlo sin perder nuestras capacidades humanas. La IA no debería verse como un reemplazo del pensamiento, sino como una extensión de nuestras posibilidades. El verdadero reto está en mantener el equilibrio: usar la tecnología para potenciar la creatividad y quizás la productividad, sin caer en la pasividad ni en la dependencia absoluta. Adaptarnos no significa rendirnos ante la máquina, sino aprender a convivir con ella, usándola con conciencia y criterio para seguir siendo los protagonistas de nuestro propio desarrollo.

Esa parte donde dice que "la escritura nos abrió la posibilidad de conocer mucho más allá de lo que puede guardar una memoria humana" me parece clave. Es el mejor ejemplo de que toda tecnología tiene un trade-off. Perdimos algo de memoria, pero ganamos el conocimiento colectivo de la humanidad. Con la IA pasa igual: el reto no es evitarla, sino usarla para expandir nuestra inteligencia sin dejar de ejercitar nuestro pensamiento crítico. Es encontrar ese punto medio entre la herramienta y nuestra autonomía.

Este fragmento me llamó mucho la atención porque refleja una idea fundamental sobre el papel de la inteligencia artificial en nuestra vida: la importancia de seguir desarrollando nuestras propias habilidades humanas. En una época en la que cada vez más tareas pueden automatizarse, este pensamiento nos invita a no perder de vista el valor del aprendizaje, la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico.

Me parece interesante que el texto no solo critique la dependencia tecnológica, sino que también resalte la necesidad de equilibrio. Aprender a usar la IA es importante, pero más importante aún es no dejar que reemplace nuestra capacidad de pensar y crear. Como estudiante, esto me hace reflexionar sobre cómo quiero usar la tecnología: no como una muleta, sino como una herramienta para potenciar mis propias habilidades.

Esta parte me deja pensando mucho. Siento que tiene algo profundamente cierto: cuando dejamos que una máquina piense o cree por nosotros, no solo perdemos una tarea, sino una parte de nosotros mismos. Me pasa a veces, cuando algo me sale mal y quiero buscar la solución rápida en internet o pedirle a una IA que lo haga, que me doy cuenta de lo fácil que es rendirse ante la comodidad. Pero también, de lo vacía que puede sentirse esa “facilidad”. Aprender algo nuevo, equivocarse, incluso frustrarse, tiene un valor que una máquina no puede darnos. Esa lucha, esa torpeza inicial, es donde realmente se forma el pensamiento crítico, donde se despierta la curiosidad. Si dejamos que la inteligencia artificial piense todo por nosotros, ¿en qué se convierte nuestra mente? Tal vez terminemos sabiendo más cosas, pero sintiendo menos. Y me parece que eso sería una pérdida demasiado grande, porque lo que nos hace humanos no es solo lo que sabemos, sino cómo llegamos a saberlo.

Este punto se me hace escencial para complementar mis comentarios anteriores, hemos pasado como sociedad tantos cambios que parecían difciles de superar o que pensabamos cambiarían nuestra manera de ver el mundo, y sí, el mundo ha cambiado radicalmente, pero hasta ahora esa exageración de pensar que cada cambio es el fin del mundo no nos ha llevado a nada, siempre nos terminamos acostumbrando o incluso encontramos la manera de usar estos cambios tan "extremos" a nuestro favor. Por supuesto hay muchos contras, es dificil adaptarse a algo tan nuevo y tan diferente como la inteligencia artifical, pero no va a ir a ningún lado y ya va siendo hora de buscar la manera de usarla a nuestro favor de manera sana y que no afecte nuestro progreso, no es buscar todas las respuestas sino apoyarse para ampliar nuestro conocimiento.

La inteligencia artificial es fascinante, hasta incluso ultimamente se ha vuelto indecifrable para el espectador, estoy de acuerdo con el autor, no es algo que cambiará completamente todo lo que conocemos como "sociedad", pero si se presta para muchos infortunios, no sé si considerarlo como solo una tecnologia más pero poco a poco siento que aprenderemos a vivir usando la inteligencia artifical en la cotidianidad.

Acá el autor hace una afirmación que siento podría ser muy interesante comentar, ya que claro, no podemos negar lo innegable, la inteligencia artificial es una herramienta muy útil pero que tambien ha contribuido en que la gente piense menos, o que al menos se rete menos. Lo que si me interesaría comentar de esta parte del texto es que el autor se refiere a que si la inteligencia artificial fuese usada todos los dias para todas las áreas nosotros nos quedaríamos sin habilidades, no concuerdo del todo, el uso correcto de la inteligencia artificial es una habilidad e incluso siento que si se llegara a usar en algunas áreas, no en todas, (como un apoyo) incrementaría la eficiencia y el porcentaje de error laboralmente.

El autor dice algo muy cierto: usar la IA tiene su precio. A veces sin darnos cuenta dejamos que piense por nosotros, y eso hace que no usemos tanto nuestra propia cabeza. No está mal apoyarse en ella, pero tampoco deberíamos dejarle todo el trabajo. Hay cosas que uno mismo tiene que pensar y resolver.

Esta parte me hace pensar en cómo la inteligencia artificial también puede crear una ilusión de saber. Podemos tener toda la información, pero si no la comprendemos de verdad, solo estamos repitiendo cosas que parecen correctas. Tal vez, como dice el autor, estamos llenándonos de conocimiento superficial sin llegar a entender profundamente lo que aprendemos.

el sugiere que la dependencia que hemos generado hacia la tecnología reduce nuestro esfuerzo intelectual y en base a este podemos generar una pregunta interesante : ¿La inteligencia artificial nos está volviendo más perezosos mentalmente, quitándonos las ganas de pensar y cuestionar, o nos está ayudando de forma positiva a mejorar nuestro método de aprendizaje?

Esta crítica de Sócrates hacia la escritura es muy similar al miedo que hoy existe frente a la inteligencia artificial: que al delegar funciones cognitivas en máquinas, perdamos nuestras propias capacidades (como la memoria o el razonamiento).

When looking at the example of the person mispronouncing Hors d'oeuvres, it is an act of a harmless troll. If someone does mispronounce this, the worst thing that would happen is someone correcting them. I think this type of trolling is both amusing and harmless. However, that is not the case for a lot of trolls who have harmful intent behind their messages on the internet.

I think the best way to stop trolling is to give punishments, so people who want to troll will realize their actions have a price. If people know they’ll face real consequences, they’ll think twice before posting rude or harmful comments. For example, if someone writes something mean or offensive, they could lose the right to comment for a few hours. The more serious the bad behavior is, the longer the comment ban should be. This kind of rule can make people behave better online. It gives them time to cool down and reflect on what they did wrong.

Pero Sócrates tuvo razón en algo: la escritura sí atrofió nuestra memoria. No la de todos, por supuesto, pero sin duda relegó el acto de recordar a un segundo plano, tanto individualmente, como colectivamente

Me parece significativa esta frase porque hace una clara referencia a cómo la IA, hasta cierto punto, nos vuelve esclavos y perezosos. Con esto no me refiero a que la IA sea mala (como se menciona en el texto), sino que me llama la atención la manera en que, tanto ahora como antes, las personas prefieren un método más sencillo que uno complicado para lograr el objetivo que tienen en mente. Antes se trataba de recordar, lo cual se facilitó con la escritura; ahora, en cambio, hablamos de tareas más cotidianas: escribir, buscar la solución a un problema, pedir consejos, tomar decisiones, etc.

Como se menciona en la frase, no es una cuestión de bueno o malo, sino de que, como seres humanos, solemos buscar la facilidad en nuestras vidas. Inevitablemente, esto ha ocurrido, ocurre y seguirá ocurriendo a medida que sigamos evolucionando como sociedad.

The key and the significance of all this is really in the subtlety

So true. This is a hard truth to deal with.

Amazing how subconscious all this is and unconscious it is.

The signs are subtle, but they are there

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I am trying to decode packets from the APRS system using my RTL SDR.

That is actually really interesting to find out. Obviously, animals seeing in the dark is an adaptation for some animals to survive but I didn't know it became so common because of a bottleneck effect. What catastrophe occurred to drastically reduce the population leaving mainly nocturnal animals reproducing?

Important to note: Tapetum lucidum is a reflective layer in the eyes of many vertebrates, enhancing night vision by reflecting the light back through the retina.

Researchers tested two ideas about how moonlight affects animal behavior but didn’t find full support for either. Only half of the prey acted as expected others were more active or showed no pattern at all.

It is fascinating that neither the Predation Risk nor the Visual Acuity Hypothesis completely explains the results. That suggests nocturnal behavior is influenced by more complex interactions than just moonlight intensity. I am curious about how human disturbance or artificial light at night might add another layer to these patterns, especially as ecosystems become more affected by human activity.

Statistical tests showed that only coyote, ocelot, and puma had meaningful activity patterns. The others didn’t, likely due to small sample sizes.

Using the tapetum lucidum as a proxy for night vision is such a creative way to make the Visual Acuity Hypothesis measurable. Still, I wonder if this structure alone fully represents visual ability across species. Other factors like eye size, neural processing, or even habitat openness might also influence how animals perceive moonlight. It would be interesting if future studies incorporated those aspects to give a more complete understanding of nocturnal vision.

This explains two different hypotheses about how moonlight affects nocturnal animal behavior. The Predation Risk hypothesis suggests that animals reduce activity during bright moonlight to avoid predators that can see them easily. The Visual Acuity hypothesis argues that species that depend on sight to find food or detect danger become more active when the moon is bright, while those relying on other senses become less active.

He is asking her to have a procedure.

Writing should show your own ideas and opinions. If you only include facts and quotes without explaining what you think about them, your paper will lack a clear point

Within starts of an introduction these are ways to catch the reader’s interest and make them want to keep reading. It helps draw people in and gets them thinking about the topic right from the start.

Crazy to me that people can be cool with acetogenic bacteria but somehow think that trans people are unnatural.

This man had a great adventure during his life and 6,000 pounds of gold! Wow!

I think this is interesting and I never knew that this was a religious thing.

I think that this is very interesting and important.

Even in environments free of overt discrimination, negative social stereotypes can induce anxiety and stress in Black students during exams or classroom performance, leading to declining grades. The interplay of “identity,” “academic disparities,” and “social prejudice” sheds light on how racial differences ultimately impact Black students' academic achievement.

Black students “gathering together” is not an act of segregation, but rather a psychological necessity. After experiencing racial prejudice, they often find emotional resonance and a sense of security among Black peers, rather than understanding from white friends. This is because certain cultural experiences and traumas cannot be fully acknowledged by people of other races. It's similar to how only some Asian students can truly relate to my struggles with pressure in public education or trauma stemming from my family of origin. The appearance of “self-segregation” can be interpreted as a coping strategy.

This passage reveals the author's central argument: Black adolescents' identity exploration differs from their white peers, as they must confront the “racial labels” imposed by society during adolescence. Black children are not only seeking personal identity but are also compelled to understand how society perceives their skin color. “Identity development” is not merely a matter of psychological growth but also the outcome of a socialization process. This reminds me of another somewhat similar topic. Some argue that gender is also a form of socialized symbol. Psychological gender and gender identity are actually shaped by an individual's social experiences and cognition—they are products of socialization. This perspective bears some resemblance to the author's view on racial cognition.

This reminds of last class where we talked about the achievement gap and how it should be reframed as an opportunity gap. Oftentimes the lived experiences of race and racism intersect with issues of class and access to education, and these performance evaluations which decide the level of education a student should receive fail to take into account the lived experiences of students, often limiting access to black and brown students. My high school was framed as "academically rigorous" and even though it was public, there was an admission system which was made based on applications and grades from middle school. I always found it wrong that there was an admission system, because I thought that a student's grades and ability to put together an application should not decide whether or not they had access to this academically rigorous education. While my school prided itself on its diversity, this admission system limited access to many students of color who didn't attend a highly-funded middle school where there were opportunities to thrive. This exposes a form of institutionalized racism within the school district.

Through personal experiences, I think this can end one of several ways. Students are able to find a group of students who look lime them and grow a community where theyre comfortable. They change themselves to fit into other groups despite it not being something they identify with, and at times start hating their own. And, there are fortunately some who are able to find friends who don't all have to look like them, friends who make them feel welcomed. Everyone's situation is different, and as mentioned, the need to protect oneself is understandable.

The contrast pin attitudes towards two different individuals is astounding, especially given the unknown circumstances which led the individual to get there. This text highlights how many people have a subconscious racial animus which leads them to stereotype without noticing thats what theyre doing. By only praising young black men who are good at sports it sets a stereotype that that is all they can be good at. Everyone should be praised for their talents while acknowledging that is not their only potential.

This students situation explains why many don't want to continue into higher education. Many feel isolated or as if they dont belong because they are the only person who looks like them in an advanced class. Even in higher education, I have personally felt like I dont belong because of the overwhelming population that does not look like me. Like the student mentioned, it does feel odd, but it is also something one has to be able to continue to work through to ensure the effort put into our education is worth it..

I think this stems from minor students e brain their race and identity. Why I personallyy do think I have explore my racial and ethnic identity, I was mainly due to the fact that I had to get comfortable being ethnically and racially different around other ethnic/racial groups. Many students who pursue a higher education and have to live in a place they are not used to are likely to experience a similar situation. Although I am sure there are other reasons for racial exploration, my personal experience make be think this could be true as well.

This is true for a lot of minority students who more away from home for the first time to pursue higher education. I think it is a subconscious actions, done to make one feel more welcome and at home. Minority students like myself are likely to gravitate towards others who remind us from home because it make up for the fact we miss our homes. Although this causes a divide, it also forms relationships between who otherwise would feel like imposters.

taking steps to diminish the separation btwn female and male education including specific health-education and access to feminine hygeine products (to ^^^ girls education to level it with boys)

^^

declines in education that effect both genders are more drastic for women and girls due to gender inequality

don't see education as necessary for girls-- leading them to prioritize educational opportunities for boys

• other factors that affect gender inequality in education. When certain families face hardship-- common to prioritize male education over female

How to cite multiple authors of different publications.

What are barriers that may impact the progress of the family and children what are the best ways to combat these barriers.

What would this look like building wise?

Its interesting that they are using their program data on an individual level to help with state planning and policy decisions.

Professional Development days or in services days are important to me everything is always changing and in order to keep up with the new standards organizations should be offering their staff designated times where they can learn.

Leaders are taking the time to consider the families voices at all levels of the program as well as including them in formal decision-making process on a macro level

I appreciate that they added peers into this.

This is really important that parents are encouraged to advocate for their child's learning because often times parents might be intimidated to or don't know how to so its important that providers aid them in this however this is possible.

what are physical services? health care services, dental services, and nutrition services

After a child's assessment or evaluation PFCE will then consider their full range of strengths, interests and needs of each child and family and relay them to the available services and resources they need to achieve these specific goals.

I love this because I think it really relates to the idea that it takes a village to raise a child. I like that this program is involved with other agencies and resources which can improve a child's outcome such as educational advancement, economic mobility and others.

This is important to keep in mind that yes the provider has education and the degree but the parents know their children better than anyone they are the experts on their child.

I sentence a lot I a lot of the times in child care services we often look at it as we are doing a service for the parents by watching their care but I think that the family engagement in a child's development and education is key.

I like that they added school readiness as an outcome because to me working in childcare this is a section that is totally skipped over

Access: equitable access especially for vulnerable populations Continuity: consistent and connected care overtime

Organizational Approach: focusing within the organization itself.

Observation: Poinsett clarifies that this "pledge" does not represent a formal or binding commitment. Interpretation: This says to me that while the U.S. said before that it promotes strong opinions about protecting Latin American independence, its policy itself was limited and cautious. This gap shows how the U.S. wanted to be a defender and protector, but avoided making concrete promises in in foreign conflict. Connection: This relates back to our theme this week of commerce driven involvement, but America's real priority was maintaining its trade routes and stability, not more moral crusades. The Monroe Doctrine's key points say that we were off limits to European colonization, we reject monarchy, and we should not get involved in European wars. Context: This reflects the post War of 1812 period when the U.S. was trying to expand its influence in the Americas without provoking conflict with Europe. The Monroe Doctrine was more or less a diplomatic tool, showing how the U.S. wanted to be a global power, but not over involved in conflicts.

Observation:Poinsett is saying he interprets the President's message to be a promise to protect the newly independent Latin American nations from Europe. Interpretation: This shows that the early leaders of the U.S. thought themselves as leaders and guardians of republicanism in the Americas. The tertiary sources this week speak to that, because the U.S. was involving themselves way outside our country, they just lacked the resources to do it. Connection: This connects to the tertiary sources in the talks about commerce and ideology and how that drove their transatlantic politics. Defending republics meant protecting trade and commerce, and above that, our very own trade and commerce. Change Over Time: This shows change over time- how the U.S. went from winning independence, to trying to assert themselves as a global power, despite having limited military, especially navy, under the Jefferson Presidency.

Observation: Even though the U.S. supports Latin American nations, this support does not give them the right to demand U.S. intervention Interpretation: This shows that Poinsett viewed American involvement as a strategic, not moral obligation. His beliefs seem to indicate that the U.S. should choose how and when it engages in all things abroad because U.S. power is growing. Connection: This relates to the Monroe Doctrine from 1823 specifically because there is a wish to protect the U.S. from European influence, but yet, they are also asserting their authority on the global stage. Causality: This statement by Poinsett shows how the caution of the U.S. to intervene formally was caused by fears of being involved in foreign conflicts. However, the U.S. still wanted to show their influence and power while also protecting their interest.

Observation: The President demands explanations through diplomatic channels. Interpretation: This tells us that despite the U.S. being a young nation, they are already stepping into the transatlantic politics which are driven by commerce. This supports the assertion that the U.S. wants to be a major international player. Commerce and political influence were the major influences behind U.S. interest and engagement across the seas. Connection: The tertiary sources tell us about the U.S. wanting to become a major power, but our resources (especially our resources in military and naval protection) was lacking. This source supports this pattern, showing how America was trying to shape global affairs with our republication virtue. Change Over Time: The U.S. was trying to evolve from a small, isolated republic to an aggressive, international, diplomatic power.

I think this is an interesting distinction. I believe that women, particularly famous women or women in the public eye, probably experience trolling on social media more often than their male counterparts. There are clear similarities in behavior between trolls and abusers or stalkers, as this segment states, which makes me believe women are more directly affected by trolls.

I believe the best way to deal with trolling is to not acknowledge them. Trolls thrice off of others reaction and hostility you may give them. To combat this the best way is to act like it doesn't bother you at all. From there in silence report them, block them, or do anything in your will power to restrict them from your own life. If it get's even more serious in terms of personal attacks or death threats that's when I would suggest reaching out for help and talking to an adult for further action.

I think the best way to deal with trolls is to ignore them. I know it says in the text that ignoring doesn't work because they just come back stronger and more hostile. Even if they do continue I think it is still the best option because it doesn't satisfy them, when they get no reaction at all to their trolling they are left unsatisfied. From here you can block them, report them, or restrict them in some way so that you don't have to keep hearing from them.

In §7.4, I argue that the "don't feed the trolls" rule shifts responsibility to the targets. On Discord, I help keep a balance, not focusing solely on doxing threats that have escalated; what finally worked was friction and compliance: maIembe mode during spikes, cooldowns for new members, removal of prohibitive thresholds, and robust reporting. I also interpret §7.3 as the ethical distinction between the “increase” of protest trolling (e.g., flooding K-pop apps) and the “reduction” of cruelty (RIP). It would be helpful if the chapter explicitly identified conformity and power dynamics as key dividing lines between ridicule, resistance, and contempt.

I think the section on Trolling and Nihilism raises an important point that some trolling communities don’t just push boundaries playfully but actually seem to treat ethics as irrelevant. What struck me is how this can lead to a kind of moral vacuum where the harm to people or groups is dismissed as part of the “game” of disruption.

I consider trolling to be an extremely unhealthy online behavior. I strongly oppose any posts engaging in malicious discussions, regardless of the reasons or emotions behind them. Looking back at past news, I recall numerous instances where innocent individuals suffered negative consequences like depression or withdrawal due to public opinion, while those participating in malicious discussions never felt remorse.

"The Fire Sermon" opens with "The river’s tent is broken" (line 173), a cut-throat declaration of decay in the scenery. The lush, protective canopy of nature is gone, leaving only the "last fingers of leaf" clutching at the "wet bank" (line 173-174). This establishes a scene of post-coital, post-festival exhaustion. The most telling line is the departure of the "nymphs."This is a direct and ironic invocation of Spenser's Prothalamion. In Spenser's poem, the "Sweet Thames" is a sacred, celebratory space, a "silver streaming" river where nymphs gather flowers for a noble wedding, and the poet's refrain, "Sweet Thames, run softly, till I end my song" (line 176), is a charm of harmony and blessing. Eliot steals this refrain but hollows it out. His Thames is a polluted dump, bearing the "testimony of summer nights": "empty bottles, sandwich papers, / Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes, cigarette ends" (line 178). The nymphs are not gathering flowers; they are the modern, fleeting sexual partners of "the loitering heirs of City directors," who have "left no addresses" (line 180-181). Anonymous, meaningless liaisons have replaced the sacred marriage rite of Spenser. The beautiful refrain becomes a whispered, desperate plea, "for I speak not loud or long," as if the poet knows the charm no longer works.

"Who is the third who walks always beside you?" correlates with Ernest Shackleton's account during his last expedition. After his trek across South Georgia, he wrote, "it seemed to me often that we were four, not three" (pg. 211). His companions confirmed this eeriness of some type of mysterious presence. Eliot uses Shackleton's testimony to inject a brief moment of the uncanny and the potentially divine into the poem's landscape. The setting described by Eliot in this scene is more vague and ambiguous than Shackleton's certainty. The poem counts only two figures, yet, sees a "gliding wrapt in a brown mantle, hooded" (line 364). This figure is unrecognisable, evident from line 365: "I do not know whether a man or a woman." It could be: Christ, appearing to the disciples on the road to Emmaus (Luke 24), where they do not recognize him; a hallucination born of exhaustion and spiritual despair; or the holy spirit, present but unrecognized. Later, Eliot reiterates the question, this time in a more intensified manner. He writes, "But who is that on the other side of you?" (line 366). Eliot is suggesting not one, but multiple mysterious presences. This resonates with the Indian legend from Marudanayagam, where three seers become aware of a fourth, the Lord Vishnu himself. The passage enacts a similar spiritual arithmetic: the human count is wrong; the divine is present but unseen, or unacknowledged, in the waste land. It is a moment where the material world seems to be haunted by a spiritual reality that the inhabitants can sense but not comprehend.

Eliot constantly mentions tarot cards and myths with themes of fertility and sterility. There is also a big contrast between water and fire. In a poem filled with so many symbols and elements indicating destruction and//or a form of darkness, water has served as a palette cleanser and a symbol of life, spirit, and purification. And so, it is interesting how here, there is "no water but only rock." Eliot later writes on lines 338-339, "If there were only water amongst the rock / Dead mountain mouth of carious teeth that cannot spit." This image perfectly encapsulates the sterility in this section and the true "waste land." It's also interesting how the title of this section is literally "What the Thunder Said," and yet, there is only "dry sterile thunder without rain" (line 342). In Themis, Harrison explains that thunder was not just a sound, but a manifestation of divine power, or mana, a force that brought a life-giving rain. In contrast, the thunder in this section is empty and a form of revelation without its substance. It promises meaning but delivers none. In this way, it mirrors a modern world where ancient symbols have lost their power. Finally, from Hermit Thrush, Eliot states that the hermit thrush was "the sweetest singer of all American birds." Its song is not one of mere prettiness, but of "tranquil clearness of tone and exalted serenity." By introducing it here, Eliot holds up an ideal of pure, natural, spiritual music, a stark contrast to the "dry grass singing" and the "cicada." The thrush's song is inseparable from the "sound of water over a rock." The "Drip drop drip drop drop drop drop" is both the sound of water and the rhythm of the bird's song. This fusion creates a single, transcendent symbol for grace, creativity, and spiritual renewal.

The workflow records each tool's inbedded computation (e.g., DEM creation, geocoding, centrality). I’ll document versions, default settings, and procedural steps so readers may reconstruct how algorithms affected mapped "secondary" routes.

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I like that there is no textbook

This makes it approprite to treat GIS as theory-laden rather than "just a map." My route-finding and clustering decision (e.g., cost-distance versus DBSCAN) will determine which of the secondary Silk Road routes look significant, so method decision must be registered as interpretive rather than neutral.

непонятно что такое первые ступени, возможно это влияние постоянное?

I think this concept of internet trolling newbies has essentially become easier on X now with the whole payment system for verification. Prior, you can probably tell who's real and who's fake based on profile picture, profile info, etc, but now it's a whole new ball game. Everyone can pay $10 for a verification check, so there's no real distinction between what's real or fake.

make sure the points you make are valid

dont take all your time on research make sure you summarize and skim through so you dont get lost.

This is a super helpful section!

Typo — the "H" in GitHub is capitalized. Be sure to find and adjust all mentions (looks like there are five)

I would make this a main figure — it seems almost like a graphical abstract of the entire paper and shows readers at a glance how different programs they might be familiar with can all work harmoniously. It might also be good to show this high-level view of the system before showing the more nitty-gritty views in Figure 2

You might want to mention to readers that Airtable also enables no-code automations (and you can use Zapier for some more complicated but still no-code automation) since some labs lack even basic scripting ability. You describe "no-code implementation" early in the manuscript, so it seems important to clarify exactly what can be done without code and what strictly requires it.

Separately, you could also mention that Airtable can communicate with Slack (I see Telegram in Supp Fig 3, but I believe Slack is probably more common among scientists), Google Drive, etc.

You might want to define this like you did for "single source of truth" since you're using it in a bit of a unique way. How do you define an atom (aka the smallest unit) in this context?

Typo — should be "object." I'd streamline this sentence though, it's a little redundant

I'd link to the example base again here too — looking at that is probably the easiest way for someone to quickly understand the concept! You've laid it out really nicely

Can you specify how many/what proportion?

How did you do this survey? This seems like a useful dataset that others might want to cite if you provide some more methodological info (e.g., Who are the respondents? Did you post this on social media? Do you know that each respondent is from a different lab or might this not really represent 233 distinct labs?)

This is a really cool preprint! We use Airtable to run the internal aspects of our publishing system at Arcadia Science and would love to see more scientists taking advantage. Your example base is perfect for helping readers understand and adapt what you've built.

I've added some thoughts that I had while reading, hopefully they're helpful.

make sure your sources are relevant to the topic and main idea

Our fathers who believed in God, even their ancestors trusted God, which makes it a tradition that continues and originates from morality and religion, and this is what characterizes the foundations of unionist Protestantism in Ulster where precisely the Christian faith is intimately linked to the defense of British identity and civil liberties. To summarize, this sentence gives them a feeling of carrying a legacy and defending a cause much bigger than themselves.

cells used in sexual reproduction, formed in meiosis

The paper concludes that the problem isn't just the noise itself, but a failure of governance and lack of resources to enforce laws. This suggests that technical solutions alone won't work without addressing the underlying political and economic issues.

This is a shocking statistic. It directly links high nighttime noise levels to a major health problem (insomnia) for a huge majority of residents. This clearly shows the convergence between the measured high noise levels and the perceived negative health impacts. This would be a great quote for Project 2 or 3.

Even in residential areas, the average daytime noise level (55.42 dB) is higher than the WHO's recommended maximum (50 dB). This is a specific piece of evidence showing the problem isn't just in commercial or transport areas; it's affecting people where they live.

The authors used a mix of quantitative like sound-level meter in the field survey and qualitative like questionnaires, interviews methods. This is called a mixed-methods approach and makes their findings more robust because it combines objective data with subjective human experience.

Noise isn't just annoying; it has four distinct categories of negative health impacts. This is a great, concise list of the specific health risks I can reference later. The physiological effects like increased blood pressure are especially surprising.

This sentence identifies the main research gap the study is trying to fill. It's not just about noise, but about comparing measured noise with what people feel in medium-sized cities in the Global South. This is the core purpose of the article.

Goals help to guide you in the process.

You have specific spaces for specific things that help create organization.

Set aside a physical space dedicated to career development and job hunt work, get and keep 2 notebooks to use during career exploration (one for calls and messages and another for general notes), and understand your financial picture.

"the links carrying traffic between the extremities of a network and its core"

This is such an important topic because of how impactful it is on students and their mental health. I wonder how music teachers can correct without isolating or giving a negative impression?

I like how caring and ethics is being combined here because they should be when dealing with humans. Inclusion shouldn't be just policy but a moral responsibility. I do wonder what the "feminine" significance is in this title.

I wonder if you could use music as a way to help regulate emotions and calm anxiety so the student is still participating? Either through listening to a calming song or making a beat.

This changes how I think about how important communication is for students with disabilities. Instead of looking at these behaviours as "good" or "bad" we should instead be looking at the causes and what this could be potentially communicating.

One connection I see is from the “Amy and Drew” story from class, where flexibility and understanding made inclusion work.

I am happy to be learning about this because this is something that I have not considered before. Allowing students to help each other is very important but how you frame it is just as or more so important. "Buddy burnout" is also a new concept I am interested in learning more about.

Paraprofessionals are also such a huge resource when it comes to having students with disabilities in your class. They know the students very well because they spend so much time one on one with the students and usually have very effective strategies on managing behaviors.

I see this in action when I am student teaching this semester with my co-op in beginning band. We try to ask lots of questions to the students to demonstrate their knowledge, have them demonstrate their skills, and have them interact with technology when being assessed for learning.

I never considered this idea before this reading. Students are much more aware than we realize as adults and as educators. I think including them to the extent that is appropriate is a great tool and helps them understand their role and value.

I know some classroom teachers in the beginning of the school year have the students come up with class rules to follow as a group. This is a great way to get students involved in the expectations of behavior. It also gives them a voice for how they would like to build their classroom community.

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This was a letter sent by the FBI to Martin Luther King Jr. It was sent to him in 1964 and detailed alleged sexual indiscretions that were committed by King. The letter implied that King should kill himself because his shame about his crimes should be too great for him to live with.

In the initial stages you want to be nimble. Scalable and complicated architecture makes that difficult.

But you also need for burst patterns as explained in one of the sub-comments.

I think that websites should just be very strict and ban people who do not follow the guidelines. If the moderation on a website is strict, it makes it much harder for a trolling culture to develop and thrive. As long as there is a zero tolerance policy for bullying, trolling on a website should be kept to a minimum.

computers and cold war politics shaped eachother

The belief in total control of the internet and having surveillance systems

Early internet wasnt as utilized at the start as it is now

ignores the problems during this time and focuses on the fun story

The internet grew from closed/private and public influences. (Military and countercultural)

Hype vs reality, author is talking about the over exaggerating of the internets impact

How recent and signifigant newfound technlogy has been

This version is very different. I suppose the changes to the speech are for clarity as it is more or less the same. I wonder if her descriptions of the crowd are accurate though. Did Sojourner Truth really bring the house down?

so depending on the industry the AI is being deployed, the company would assume contractual liability if the model operates outside of the intended purpose of the company. This would make AI companies assume more liability in low risk scenarios such as automation for routine tasks or cloud computing, and assume less liability in high risk scenarios such as automation in hospitals. But overall, the terms would be contractual and tort would be ad hoc. Oh and the contracts would be made by AI.

It's interesting how convincing Ai could be now with all of these AI models and keeps getting used frequently and smarter.

for - youtube - neuroscience - How the brain remembers and imagines - Donna Rose Addis - memory and imagination have the same basis

summary - Donna Rose Addis is a pioneer in a field that connects past memories to future imagination - Her research has demonstrated that the same brain region, the Default Mode Network is responsible for simulations of past memories as well as future imagination - It is theorirized that episodic memory is reactivated and reorganized for creating future simulations

for - adjacency - depression - double for positive future thinking - even more amongst males

for - examples - autobiographical simulations invoking past episodic memories for future (goal-seeking) - counterfactuals - reimagining the past to see how we could have done better - anterior hippocampus supports imagination of - detailed, coherent and novel events and encoding the simulation so we can recognize when the opportunity arises in the future - creative cognition - populations with memory impairments also suffer difficulty with future imagination - depression results in loss of specificity of memories

for - definition - Constructive Episodic Simulation Hypothesis - episodic memory is a constructive process that reactivates and reintegrates distributed information across the brain - these same memories can be used in new combinations for novel imagination of the future

for - unexpected finding - hippocampus - active for imagining future instead of remembering past

for - adjacency - memory - imagination - Default Mode Network active in both

for - adjacency - memory - imagination critical papers - 2007 - some types of Alzheimer patient cannot imagine the future

for - definition - autobiographical memory - how we remember our personal past

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5.5 post per second

1 billion instagram users

Vanilla = standard/default system Customizations are added later to meet specific business needs.

问gpt啥时候适合创建新分支

ბლოგი შეეხება შვეიცარიაში დაგეგმილ პარკ ადულას ეროვნული პარკის პროექტს და მის ჩავარდნას, რაც ნათლად ასახავს, როგორ შეიძლება ფედერალიზმმა ხელი შეუშალოს ბიომრავალფეროვნების დაცვას. ავტორი აანალიზებს, როგორ იქცა ბუნების დაცვის ინიციატივა ადგილობრივი მოსახლეობის მხრიდან წინააღმდეგობის ობიექტად. ძირითადი მიზეზებია მოსახლეობის შიში ტრადიციული თავისუფლებების დაკარგვის, უნდობლობა მმართველი სტრუქტურების მიმართ და განცდა, რომ ლანდშაფტი უკვე საკმარისად დაცულია.

ბლოგი მკაფიოდ აჩვენებს, რომ მხოლოდ ეკოლოგიური მიზნების დასახვა არასაკმარისია — ბუნების დაცვის პოლიტიკამ წარმატებას მაშინ აღწევს, როცა ის თანხვედრაშია სოციალური, ეკონომიკური და კულტურული ინტერესებთან. ჩემი პოზიციაა, რომ აუცილებელია სახელმწიფო და ადგილობრივი ინტერესების დაბალანსება. ბიომრავალფეროვნების დაცვა უნდა ეფუძნებოდეს არა მხოლოდ მეცნიერებასა და გარემოსდაცვით მიზნებს, არამედ მოსახლეობის მონაწილეობასა და ნდობაზე დამყარებულ პროცესს. წინააღმდეგ შემთხვევაში, ყველაზე კეთილი განზრახვებიც კი წარუმატებელი დარჩება.

for - adjacency - memory and imagination - episodic memory

for - question - asymmetry in past and future events - what does this mean?

for definition - Mental Time Travel - Neither Time nor Travel may be defining characteristics of Mental Time Travel - Mental rendering of experience may be the defining characteristic

for - claim - Mental Time Travel into the past and future are instantiations of one simulation system

for adjacency - simulation - Mental Time Travel

for - adjacency - past - future - Michael Levin - memories - goal-seeking - Michael Levin's research validates that memories serve the role of goak-seeking - This is another way of saying that the past plays a critical role in the future

for - definition - Mental Time Travel - ability to look at the past and the future

for - adjacency - memory - imagination - the same - claim - memory - imagination - the same

for - researcher - neuroscience - memory - perception - imagination - to - Mental Time Travel? - Donna Rose Addis - https://hyp.is/wqV4gKdkEfCRZGPrIOjeOA/utoronto.scholaris.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/3232f1fb-ed19-4614-9dd5-648c4d443629/content

for - Memory Theory of Consciousness - MToC - definition - Memory Theory of Consciousness - temporally extended, multimodal representations - must be integrated within a unified subjectivity for experience to be coherent - unapack - MToC - unpack - Memory Theory of Consciousness - temporally extended, multimodal representations - multiple sense inputs associated with an event - We could think about it from the perspective of Thousand Brain Theory and cortical columns integrating sense inputs - Do these create memory structures? - Those memory structures must be salient to goal-seeking activity, especially for fitness and survival of the organism

question - memory - evolution - goal-seeking - Is it possible that consciousness emerged early on in our species evolutionary history in the context of memories of multimodal sensory structures that help us achieve goal-seeking activity? - Then extra affordances of memory and consciousness could have evolved and diversified into a wide variety of non-traditional goal-seeking behaviors.

for - Kant - memory

How does this work in compulsory education spaces where participation is not self-determined.

I totally agree computer are algorithms and there are rules that come along with it.

Technology is definitely different and make then it was not advanced as it is today but i lowkey wish technology didn’t get so advanced!!

He took a risk to give up things to make web do make Technology better and so that we can have web browsers 😝

Love how is Creation expanded!!! 👏🏽👏🏽

AI is taking over and honestly it makes me MADDD ! ![(https://share.google/PsjCvwOnCoRVISoeg)

• Planning : what your are going to do
• Budget : How you are going to to it, quantifying the plan
• Control : planning + evaluation and feedback

seria benéfico aprofundar alguns aspetos práticos ligados à gestão da comunicação por e-mail. Por exemplo, o guia poderia incluir orientações sobre frequência de envio, boas práticas de design e segmentação, ou sobre a importância de políticas de consentimento e proteção de dados (em conformidade com a legislação europeia, como o RGPD).

Neste quadro inves de deixar como slider, deixar como 3 colunas (1 com o negativo e outras 2 com o positivo). No celular aparece um abaixo do outro (positivo por cima)

Deixar separado o o que isso gera como uma 3º coluna de positivo (no mobile aparece embaixo)

• Trazer o por que escolher a VOOB logo após o as LOGOS

Antes do quem somos, puxar DEPOIMENTOS (ocupando pouca altura)

• Colocar esteira lateral estilo slider minimalista para os depoimentos. Título: Veja o que clientes falam da Voob

• Logo depois colocar print de logos porem fazer slider de forma contínua e o titulo o escrito Credibilidade ficar colorido

Com apenas 1 áudio de distância, você tem tudo que precisa na palma da sua mão para vender mais: seu site de alta conversão, conectado com CRM simples e funcional.

Tirar a animacao de gravacao de audio

Separar em 2 colunas sendo a da direita um design que humanize

Tirar os dois botões e deixar apenas um: Ver planos

E colocar texto do lado direito:

Ganhe a criação do seu site no plano ANUAL e BIENAL Parcele em até 12x no cartão de crédito 15 dias de garantia satisfação

Invés de ter a frase acima do headline colocar apenas BADGES de benefícios:

• Desenvolvemos seu site de alta performance
• CRM Integrado incluso
• E-mails profissionais
• IA Assistente integrada ao seu funil
• Suporte 24h
• Modificações sempre que necessário
• Site Seguro

(COLOCAR EMBAIXO DO SUBTITULO e alternando entre si para ocupar menos espaço)

Trocar frase para Site + CRM + IA: sua máquina de vendas em um só lugar

While teachers often prioritize academic performance and compliance, students, especially those from marginalized communities, seek relational trust and care as a foundation for engagement. This disconnect isn’t just a communication issue; it reflects deeper cultural divides that shape how learning environments are experienced.

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I think cultural differences in communication can easily create gaps between teacher intent and student interpretation, especially in racially diverse classrooms. When teachers don’t account for how their words are received, discipline or authority can be misread, reinforcing tension rather than trust. Recognizing perception as part of pedagogy is key to building equitable learning spaces.

By assuming Asian-American students will succeed without support, educators may unintentionally ignore their individual learning needs. This reflects a larger issue: stereotypes whether negative or flattering flatten complex identities into a single narrative, often silencing the very students they claim to praise.

I like when lessons encourage students to activate prior knowledge. When they draw upon their existing learner schemas to help them make connections between new concepts and ones they already know (Julie Dirksen's "closet" analogy). This can be done by using visuals, stories, analogies/metaphors, etc.