I would say the epigenetic inheritance that has to occur there and how it occurs must be contributing a very large fraction indeed to the differentiation process
for - answer - Denis Noble - to Michael Levin - question - What percentage of genetic vs non-genetic information passed down to germ line from embryogenesis onwards ? - a very large fraction is epigenetic inheritance indeed.
what percentage of the information that is used by an organism let's say embryogenesis onwards is genetic versus all other sources put together what what what would you guess as a as a breakdown
for - question - Michael Levin to - Denis Noble - percentage of genetic vs non-genetic information passed down to germ line from embryogenesis onwards
the only way you can visualize the vaces because they're too tiny to be visualized by standard microscopy labeling with florescent dyes is about the only way we can um easily identify what molecules have been passed down from the vesicles to The Germ cells but that's very restrictive you see because there will be millions of different molecules in a single visle to be faced with only being able to label three or four of those otherwise we can't make out the the differences is it's very tedious
for - evolution - work to identify non-DNA information passed down to germ line - millions of permutations - fluorescence technique applied to only a few at a time - tedious work - Denis Noble
epigenetic inheritance of course which would be let's say rnas determining how much of a gene is expressed will be transmitted down through the germ line and and the possibility of actual new DNA being incorporated into the germ line I think both can occur
for - evolution - epigenetic AND new DNA can BOTH be incorporated into the germ line - Denis Noble
we have a huge amount of our DNA it's more than the DNA involved in protein coding that's come from viruses I mean it's clear that incorporation of new DNA from other organisms into the germ line has occurred many times uh during the process of evolution
for - evolution - viruses and other organisms - inject information into germ line throughout evolution - Denis Noble
I think the vican barrier is not any longer a barrier
for - evolutionary biology - Weissman barrier - refuted by modern research - Denis Noble
vican barrier
for - Weismann Barrier - disputed by Darwin himself, who believed that the body sends information to the germ line to pass on to the next generation - Denis Noble
DNA simply does not replicate like a crystal you have to have a living organism to enable it to do so
for - quote - DNA simply does not replicate like a crystal. You have to have a living organism to enable it to do so. - Denis Noble
as Richard Dawkins told me two years ago in a debate with him Dennis we could inscribe your DNA in blocks of granite the C's G's A's and T's and we' keep those blocks of granite for 10,000 years and then we'll be able to recreate you I said no you can't
for - quote - myth - Richard Dawkin myth - recreate entire organism from DNA - not possible - Denis Noble
quote - myth - Richard Dawkin myth - recreate entire organism from DNA - not possible - Denis Noble - (see below) - As Richard Dawkins told me two years ago in a debate with him: - "Denis, we could inscribe your DNA in blocks of granite, - the C's G's A's and T's, - and we' keep those blocks of granite for 10,000 years and then we'll be able to recreate you." - I said no you can't - why not? - Well, where would you get my mother's egg cell, as it was in1936 - Well you can see that the point here, it led people to a very simplistic idea that from DNA you could automatically recreate a person, an organism exactly as it is in its first, Incarnation if you like - We can all be reincarnated as many times as we wish!<br /> - Well, one one might sort of wish to be a bit of a Buddhist in all of this and get away with that, - but I don't think even the Buddhists would accept that that was the way they were going to do it if they do it at all
we now realize the base pairs come to join each other up together as the system unravels and forms a new pair of DNA molecules well up to a point it does and that point is known to be accurate to about one in 10,000 base pairs now if you and I wrote an article and there was only one typo in a 10,000w article we'd be very pleased but this is nowhere near enough for a DNA sequence of three billion base pairs there would be half a million at least of Errors
for - DNA replication accuracy - 1 in 10,000 - too high for successful replication - another higher level mechanism to correct for these errors - need a whole body for that - Denis Noble
I don't reject the reductionist approach you need the upward causation from the individual molecular components as well as the constraints from the global property of the cells tissues organs and so on
for - Systems perspective - integrate reductionism with global properties - Denis Noble - multi scale competency architecture - Denis Noble - adjacency - multi-scale competency architecture - Michael Levin - Denis Noble advocates for
adjacency - between - multi-scale competency architecture - Michael Levin - Denis Noble advocates for - adjacency relationship - Michael's multi-scale competency architecture is another way to sum up what Denis is saying
Hodgkin cycle
for - quote - Hodgkin cycle - example of connection between global property and molecular properties - Denis Noble
accumulation of all of that movement of charge is contributing to that electrical phenomenon and therefore in the end what you're doing is talking about a higher level of causation U than the components of the cell
for - evolutionary biology - Denis Noble - journey from reductionist to non-reductionist - ion channel and cell membrane work - connects to bioelectricity in the entire body
dance to the tune of life
for - book - Dance to the Tune of Life - Denis Noble
for - from - Denis Noble - Michael Levin interview
from - Denis Noble - Michael Levin interview - https://hyp.is/W2sK1qilEe-9MKdyybb_oA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJjIlu9tem8
for - critique of - Gene Centricity - Denis Noble
from - youtube -Evolution 2 Podcast Interview - Denis Noble - Book - Understanding Living Systems - https://hyp.is/-EuWvBYHEe-t9xtn9h1dhA/docdrop.org/video/oHZI1zZ_BhY/
if you want to age well do something it can be dancing it can be music it can be all sorts swimming 00:56:47 whatever but do something that's the first bit of advice to those who want to make sure that they stay um on top
for - health advice - aging well - Denis Noble
health advice - aging well - ll if you want to age well do something! - It can be - dancing - music - swimming - whatever but do something - That's the first bit of advice to those who want to make sure that they stay on top
you may never change it back just as we 00:34:52 may not change back genetic manipulation we might do in in the germline which is a reason we should be very cautious about doing it
for - progress trap - genetic engineering - Denis Noble
for - Denis Noble - Ready Noble - evolutionary biology - critique of Richard Dawkins Selfish Gene theory - critique of gene centrism - book - Understanding Living Systems - human agency
summary - In this informative interview, brothers Denis and Ray Noble discuss their new book - Understanding Living Systems, and - dispel the 70 year old narrative of Gene centrism and the selfish gene as determining the high level behaviour of living organisms
for - recombination of proteins in higher level proteins - from - youtube - Evolution 2 podcast interview - book - Understanding Living Systems - Denis Noble - Ray Noble
from - youtube - Evolution 2 podcast interview - book - Understanding Living Systems - Denis Noble - Ray Noble - https://hyp.is/OttWABYFEe--gLNFyeNyTw/docdrop.org/video/oHZI1zZ_BhY/
for - Oded Rechavi - neurobiology - gene centrism - critique - from - youtube podcast interview - book - Understanding Living Systems - Ray Noble - Denis Noble
summary - Rechavi performed experiments with C Elegan and demonstrated that it possesses a type of neuron that - produces RNA that in response to elevated temperature change is transmitted to reproductive cells so that the offsprings encode it in the genome, and it is better adapted to deal with elevated temperatures
question - How many species do this? Is it generally found throughout nature?
from - outube podcast interview - book - Understanding Living Systems - Ray Noble - Denis Noble - https://hyp.is/OUlGVBXrEe-iaBeZhH_4DQ/docdrop.org/video/oHZI1zZ_BhY/
a more holistic approach to the organism rather than a reductionist one I'm afraid we have to because 00:26:36 reductionism has failed
for - quote - reductionism has failed - Denis Noble
could physiology rescue genomics
for - follow up - paper - Could physiology rescue genomics?
to - Could physiology rescue genomics? - https://hyp.is/bslQ-BVVEe-hgF-rrNmjrA/academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/139/4/357/6604006
if you could correct this Gene would we have the future reassured and we can then avoid all of these diseases I very much doubt it and I think it's very dangerous 00:23:49 because
for - adjacency - progress trap - Crispr - gene therapy - Denis Noble - human genome project
adjacency - between - human genome project - gene therapy - Crispr - progress trap - adjacency relationship - The idea that we can find specific causal relationships between genes and disease and use gene therapy to cure disease, - an envisioned goal of the human genome project - can be very dangerous because - usually one gene collaborates with many other genes to bring about an effect - If we don't know all the relationships, we can bring about a progress trap
if I met a robot that looked very much like a beautiful girl and everything went fine together with her and me but
for - comparison - human vs AI robot - Denis Noble
essentially Darwin would never have been a neo-darwinian
for - quote - Darwin would never have been a Neo-Darwinian - Denis Noble
you've used a metaphor in the past of thinking of genes not as a as a code as you said but as a kind of musical score
for - metaphor - genes - musical scores - Denis Noble
if we didn't have people who were wrong we wouldn't be where we are
for - quote - being wrong - Denis Noble
quote - Being wrong - Denis Noble - If we didn't have people who were wrong - we wouldn't be where we are
for - physiology rescues evolutionary biology - Denis Noble
from - youtube - IAI interview - Why Dawkins is Wrong - Denis Noble
for - paper - Physiology restores purpose to evolutionary biology - Denis Noble - Raymond Noble - year - 2023
from - youtube - IAI interview - Why Dawkins is wrong - Denis Noble - https://hyp.is/eqKOYhVVEe-XVKuwMtOTTg/docdrop.org/video/dCLRKP9NW8I/
four 00:08:25 major common misunderstandings that have infected our understanding of what it is to be a living system
for - molecular biology - paradigm shift - living system - 4 common misunderstandings - book - Understanding Living Systems - 4 common misunderstandings
4 common misunderstandings of living systems - 1. The central dogma of molecular biology - one way causation - Genes (DNA) to - proteins to - organism - 2. The Weismann Barrier - 3. DNA as self-replicator - 4. Separation of Replicator (DNA) and Vehicle (Living cell) are completely separate
a baby cannot be born selfish it simply has needs
for - quote - Denis Noble - quote - baby not born selfish
biology Beyond The 00:00:19 genome
for - book - Biology Beyond the Genome - author - scientist - biologist - Denis Noble - book - Understanding Living Systems
for - Keith Baverstock - paper - The Gene and Appraisal
from - youtube - Biology Beyond the Gene - Denis Noble - https://hyp.is/UrvwdhVDEe-QWrPAx9y1aw/docdrop.org/video/bzXFSufDDn8/