Case#: 20 months old, Male, 78 cm of height (-3 S.D.), 10 kg of weight (-3 S.D.), head circumference of 50.5 cm (>90th percentile).
DiseaseAssertion: Severe MPS-I
FamilyInfo: First son of healthy non-consanguineous parents with an unremarkable family history.
CasePresentingHPOs: Snoring, noisy breathing (since 3 months old), sleep apnea, upper airway obstruction, breathing cessation, cyanosis, facial dysmorphic features, short stature (since 8 months old), coarse facial features, scaphocephaly, mild corneal clouding, depressed nasal bridge, wide nose, anteverted nares, nasal congestion, long philtrum, thick lips, small and spaced teeth, low set ears, short neck, gibbus deformity, umbilical hernia, claw hands, global developmental delay, frontal bossing, Mongolia spots, dysostosis multiplex, scoliosis, broad ribs bilaterally (HP:0025267, HP:0010307, HP:0010535, HP:0002781, HP:0005943, HP:0000961, HP:0001999, HP:0004322, HP:0000256, HP:0030799, HP:0007957, HP:0005280, HP:0000445, HP:0000463, HP:0001742, HP:0000343, HP:0000219, HP:0000687, HP:0000369, HP:0000470, HP:0002808, HP:0001537, HP:0034337, HP:0001263, HP:0002007, HP:0011369, HP:0000943, HP:0002650, HP:0000885)
CaseHPOFreeText: Had neonatal complications such as being late in crying and breathing. Hyporeactive Apgar 5/8 Silverman-Anderson 3/2. Upper airway infections, bulging frontal bone, enlarged tongue, short trunk, protruding abdomen. The liver edge was palpated 2 cm below the right costal margin and had blue cutaneous pigmentation with dorsal distribution. Limited extension of the arms and small joints. No ability to walk or speak at the age of 20 months. Lumbar gibbus with vertebral hypoplasia. Hand bullet-shaped phalanges and widened metacarpals pointed proximally. Widened diaphysis and cortical thinning of long bones. Pelvis with rounded or flared iliac wings.
CaseNotHPOs: N/A
CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A
CaseEnzymeAssay: IDUA activity of 0.24 μmol/L/h, enzymatic IDUA activity was 10 times less than the reference minimum level of this enzyme (2.02–16.10 μmol/L/h).
CaseUrineGAGs: N/A
CaseERT: Yes - at 2 years of age
CaseBMT: N/A
Variant1: c.1898C>G (p.S633W)
Variant1ClinVarID: 286242
Variant1CAID: CA10605410
Variant2: c.1898C>G (p.S633W)
Variant2ClinVarID: 286242
Variant2CAID: CA10605410
AdditionalVariants: N/A
ParentalGenotype: Sequence analysis of parental genomic DNA showed that both parents are heterozygous for c.1898C>G variant, with no clinical phenotype of MPS I. Enzymatic IDUA activity was 1.29 μmol/L/h and 3.25 μmol/L/h for the father and the mother, respectively. These levels were 5.4 and 13.5 higher than the ones observed in the patient, respectively. The low enzyme activity observed in the father, which would be expected to be greater because he is a heterozygous with a normal allele, could be explained by a condition known as pseudodeficiency, in which clinically normal individuals shows levels of enzyme activity below the normal levels.
PreviouslyPublished N/A