wildly controversi

“scrape” headshots from theonline directories of nine residential houses so students could vote onwhich of two random photos was “hotter.”

Facemash

Google’s algorithms

Google

Chimneys might very well be the first privacy-enabling technology

Taking an exam in the comfort of your own home, on your own schedule, is lessinvasive,” he said.

They] assume everyone looks the same, takes tests the same way, and responds tostressful situations in the same way.

“ExamSoft maintains a non-biased identifcation and exam delivery process toensure that individuals of color are not disproportionately afected.”

remote learning

advocacy group Human RightsWatch

As COVID-19 restrictions force students to take remote exams, universitiesaround the world are relying on proctoring software like Examplify.

“Due to poor lightingwe are unable to identify your face.”

the belief that bad credit correlates with bad jobperformanc

Mathematica’s

underperforming schools.

The going theory was that the students weren’t learning enoughbecause their teachers weren’t doing a good job.

Weaponsof Math Destruction, or WMDs

Big Data

The housing crisis, the collapse of major financialinstitutions, the rise of unemployment—all had been aided and abettedby mathematicians wielding magic formulas.

Theoperations we performed on numbers translated into trillions ofdollars sloshing from one account to another.

That, if nothing else, is a reason to worry.

Google’s foundersand early employees believe deeply in the power of information technol-ogy to transform human consciousness, collective and individual.

Faith in Google is thus dangerous as the airplane and the automo-bile have proved dangerous in ways their pioneers did not anticipate inthe 1920s. These technologies of mobility and discovery are dangerousnot just because they physically endanger their users but because weuse them recklessly, use them too much, and design daily life aroundthem.

Sothis book is also overtly political.

claiming that Google’s Web-search technique mimics the way human brains recall information.

The Googlization of everything will likely havesignificant transformative effects in coming years, both good and bad.Google will affect the ways that organizations, firms, and governmentsact, both for and at times against their “users.”

and collective judgments, opinions, and (most important) desires, it hasgrown to be one of the most important global institutions as well.

Google puts previously unimaginable resources at our fingertips—huge libraries, archives, warehouses of government records, troves ofgoods, the comings and goings of whole swaths of humanity. That iswhat I mean by the Googlization of “everything.”

Google

World Wide Web

Strawberry Pop-Tarts. This product sells seven timesfaster than normal in the days leading up to a hurricane.

The second lesson is that, when trying to make predictions, you needn’t worrytoo much about why your models work.

First, and perhaps most important, if you are going to try to use new data torevolutionize a field, it is best to go into a field where old methods are lousy.

Google Correlate

The data tells us that a man has a substantially better chance of reaching theNBA if he was born in a wealthy county. A black kid born in one of thewealthiest counties in the United States, for example, is more than twice aslikely to make the NBA than a black kid born in one of the poorest counties. Fora white kid, the advantage of being born in one of the wealthiest countiescompared to being born in one of the poorest is 60 percent.

To judge from theGoogle numbers, a Chicago-to-Honolulu move would be at least twice aseffective as medication for your winter blues

Based on experienceand knowledge, they try to connect fevers, headaches, runny noses, and stomachpains to various diseases. In other words, the Columbia and Microsoftresearchers wrote a groundbreaking study by utilizing the natural, obviousmethodology that everybody uses to make health diagnoses.

You are a data scientist, too. When you were a kid, you noticed that when youcried, your mom gave you attention. That is data science. When you reachedadulthood, you noticed that if you complain too much, people want to hang outwith you less. That is data science, too. When people hang out with you less, younoticed, you are less happy. When you are less happy, you are less friendly.

At its core, data science is about spottingpatterns and predicting how one variable will affect another.

ata analysis business

They think that a quantitativeunderstanding of the world is for a select few left-brained prodigies, not forthem.

You only need to touch a hot stoveonce to realize that it’s dangerous. You may need to drink coffee thousands oftimes to determine whether it tends to give you a headache. Which lesson ismore important? Clearly, the hot stove, which, because of the intensity of itsimpact, shows up so quickly, with so little data.

Big Data.

Google data

The more I have studied, the more I have learned that Google has lots ofinformation that is missed by the polls that can be helpful in understanding—among many, many other subjects—an election.

Google

Google Trends, a tool that was released with little fanfare

All the portals suffered from the classic business mistake ofveering from their core mission

corporations,

cornerstone of Lycos's technique was analysis of anchortext, or the descriptions of outbound links on a Web page, to get abetter idea of the meaning of the existing page.

The market was still too imma-ture-robust business models were years from fruition

Xerox

pure researchallows for great leaps forwar

As is true for much of the IT industry, nearly every well-knowncompany in search can trace its roots to a university, the kind of in-stitution that allows big ideas to flourish without the straitjacket ofcommercial demands.

Web surfers

WebCrawle

bandwidth was at a premium, andmany Webmasters felt the Wanderer ate up too many processingand bandwidth cycles as it indexed a site's contents

basic problem of search

n deciding which ads to display, Google’s algorithms fac-tored in how often advertisements were clicked on as well as the amount bid by theadvertiser

Instead of subscriptions or micropayments, the economics of Web publishing devel-oped around advertising. The publisher would receive a tiny payment for each pagedisplayed, but from an advertiser rather than the reade

cybercafes

It began to feel like a large library that had no card catalog

chat rooms

he global network of hypertext is no longer just a very cool idea.”

One grumpy journalist complained that“sporting an email address ending in aol.com is an instant sign that you’re probably toostupid to be taken seriously.”

Ordinary people

By 2001, more than half of American house-holds had subscribed to an Internet service.