However

Numerous scholars view the Middle Passage from a qualitative point of view.

Zong and Equiano

that we must acknowledge

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has affected

My timeline proposal

ean.

Middle Passage are often represented by percentages rather than counts in discrete data sets

his

ctive” versus “objective” in film

subjective experiences and objective data”

‘[t]he design of technology with respect to details of its designers personal experiences’

g”,

Many scholars believe that using data to memorialize human experience is an objective technique that often fails at telling human narratives

It’s

Knowitall.org.

the true extent

with fields like science, math, technology and business booming around the world

When commemorating emotional events, it is often believed that drawing on individual human thoughts and reflections, such as written accounts, is the only way to keep human experiences alive in our memories

With the challenges

a massive amount

A Story Map

Feeder 1, I will get to those as well the moment I feel better

“The Middle Passage.” Slavery, whslavery.weebly.com/the-middle-passage.html.

“The Atlantic Slave Trade.” South African History Online, www.sahistory.org.za/article/atlantic-slave-trade.

“Middle Passage for Slaves: History of SC Slide Collection.” Middle Passage for Slaves | History of SC Slide Collection | Knowitall.org, www.knowitall.org/photo/middle-passage-slaves-history-sc-slide-collection.

trafficked slave ports.

large statistics

assage

this blog pos

ul.”

John Blassinger

l premise of historical monuments of remembrance is whether

few memorials that physically recognize the hardships faced by innocent enslaved Africans

Textbook excerpts mention the Middle Passage in order to remind readers of the world’s immoral past

Works Cited

Equiano’s stories

isiting involved with different aspects of ritual culture

ants.

This

).”

present.”

The concept of having a physical, land-based memorial is a symbol of respect as well as a reminder of the injustice that occurred in the Middle Passage.

without the haze of numbers

o get lost in

This

c[GG4]

Discussion of Johnson's Article

totality of the Middle Passage.

set point of view

it is

different devastations

The process off creating a memorial is dependent upon the location and the intended audience

ever happens agai

ArcGIS graph

This c

“Early black historians such as W. E. B. Du Bois, Carter G. Woodson, and Lorenzo Johnston Greene touted the legitimacy of enslaved testimony and created methods for compiling quantitative and qualitative information on early black life. From the 1890s forward, black historians and their allies compiled, aggregated, and visualized data to detail black life in the United States from a black perspective (Johnson 60).”

now that the data

https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/sites/default/files/styles/tall_rectangle_custom_user_small_2x/public/images/contributor/equiano_360x450.jpg?itok=UOnz30lI&timestamp=1411070080

eivable."

book

had his memoirs publishe

Picture link: http://abolition.e2bn.org/library/0711/0000/0045/1009509mida_360.jpg

Afua Hirsch).”

this

The letter comes from a place of financial disappointment and not the guilt that comes from being responsible for the death of a human being.

article

n many of the articles

a mixed bag

Picture link: https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-now/spotlight-primary-source/middle-passage-1749

Bias Experience of Slaves

this

Spain due to the most deaths occurring nearby.

Most scholars approach the Middle Passage research in a way that entails a subjective opinion with possible sources that have been tampered with in order to make the suffering that occured in the journey seem as miniscule as possible

Virginia Encyclopedia

BucknellGIS

Most of their names were changed and documented to slave names so it is almost impossible to be able to put every name on a cemetery for the enslaved individuals.

There are a lot (maybe thousands) of slaves that died on the ship and got thrown over.

last-man so feared by Nietzsche will be complete

Work Cited

https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/slave_ships_and_the_middle_passage#:~:targetText=Between 1500 and 1866, Europeans,bodies thrown into the Atlantic

https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/zong-massacre-1781/.

NBC4 Washington, NBC4 Washington,

“111. Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On), Joseph Mallord William Turner - AP Art History.” Google Sites,

Everyone deserves a burial place for their death; the enslaved people who were thrown overboard into the ocean should be remembered and recognized prior to any ot

unfortunately their burial ground.

I think ill probably bring up laws against construction or tampering of graves on land

The trans-Atlantic slave trade is an infamous event that will never be forgotten

Social Text

Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

British Foreign Office. Vol. 4, ser. 84, British Foreign Office, 1819. https://www.slavevoyages.org/resources/images/category/Manuscripts/1

Remembering the Middle Passage

dead simply numbers on a webpage

Each dot representing one, very human, account of the Atlantic Slave Trade that our audience can explore and sympathize with

hen we create an app or a webpage or some other interactive media format to allow our audience to virtually explore this area.

That will give our audience a larger sense of just how big the Middle Passage looms in the history of the Atlantic Ocean

dedicate the monument over a large part

r emotions

Markup Bodies

they can make a mistake or be unreliable

Advantages

its audience explore deeper

numb our remembrance and empathy for the human lives and sold on the Atlantic Ocean

mostly agreed that such a dedication would be a good way to honor those who lost their lives,

Re-enactment or Remembrance: How Monument Display Effects Human Reaction

The lack of emotional representation in the monument creates ambiguity that allows people to separate themselves from the suffering the migrants endured. The beautiful display of words in Mandarin keeps our attention away from the maltreatment they underwent. The absence of violence in this exhibit is meant to steer people away from remembering the violence conflicted on this community by island detention officers

It's meant to distract and re-enact, not commemorate.

Works Cited: 

The

The commemoration

The

In contrast to the National Memorial of Peace and Justice, the Battle of Gettysburg memorial in Virginia, or the Virginia Monument, commemorates individual people rather than a united community and fails to commemorate the historical-cultural context of the commemorated event.

or the Virginia Monument,

This

The

This

It

analyzing memorials

The

these

 In this way a memorial holds on to the memories of many generations who might view it differently than their ancestors did, while keeping the event relevant throughout the years. 

Essentially laying it down and leaving it in the past, knowing that it’s there to pick up again at a later time if the viewer desires by simply returning to the same memorial.

Some have shock value

Some memorials cause a strong reaction in the viewer, while others that don’t have that same effect can seem to fade away and lose significance

is one

The other purposes of a memorial are that of its ability to show meaning, symbolism, emotions, and a narrative of the past

They

All three of these

new norms of worship and gathering

“from countries far across the sea”

The voic

The

created in the 1900s

position

Not including

Unlike those who came before, more recent immigrants in Hi-Fi will be met not by the first symbols of a new life from the side of ship but rather the competing businesses from neighoring Little Tokyo or Koreatown and the Hispanic majority in a historically Filipino community through a window a moving car.

Faustino "Peping" Baclig

As the newest monument, dedicated on November 2006, the veterans memorial epitomizes the dichotomy

Located in the heart of Hi-Fi is the Filipino American WWII Veterans Memorial, a monument that exemplifies the reincarnated identity of Filipinos in the United States

Designed

"Immigration History." Ethnogeriatrics, Stanford School of Medicine,

their ancestors

English Composition and Rhetoric: Writing in Digital Humanities

slave ship

allowing the experience of walking on a slave ship to be fully acknowledged.

Middle Passage ship

monuments play a significant role in the narration

Henrietta Marie

but it is special to us now because it is the only ship of its kind, a slave trading vessel, that historians have been able to find and identify in American waters.

The Henrietta Marie

Henrietta Marie

e trading.

economic system

arratives of the Zong!

ves.

embarked

Narratives are able to provide perspectives from the slaves who bore witness and experiences the gruesome trials of the Middle Passage that will resonate with the audience.

lavery. 

y.”

data analysis,

nvolvement of both stances allow for a universal and humanizing understanding of the terrors of certain historical events, such as the Middle Passage, and can further enhance the topic of acknowledging slavery. 

memorialization

trade.

however, they are made invisible or simply listed by numbers at historic sites.

the bodies of the dead

and heartbreak during their journey into the realm of enslavement in a cruel world

period of weeks and months

A memorial to the Middle Passage is hundreds of years overdue. With the technological and data capabilities that we have now, we should treat the subject with the utmost respect and equip the historical retelling of the Middle Passage with the technology of the modern age

The museum should strive to utilize technology to tell the story of the Middle Passage; through data visualizations, ship visualizations, and interactive exhibits to help visitors understand the Middle Passage more personally.

"For literary scholars, the digitization of this archive offers unprecedented access to new texts whose forms may even change how we understand the literary archive of enslavement itself. This abundance has resulted in more conversation between historians and literary scholars as well as a return to more historicist approaches to African American writing"

This

the Brookes h

igital records of the Middle Passage are overwhelming, teeming with more data and information than any human could ever comprehend, as the screenshot from the Slave Voyages website highlights.

is impossible to fully neutralize from the violent events of the Middle Passage

The Brookes was just one example of the impact of pathos rather than logos on inciting the public to make change. Memorials are a form of art, and all art should contain some human aspect, especially art that is strictly involved in the actions of humans.

I argue

of data analysis and narrative accounts without lambasting either method. Bo

humanities scholars

humanistic aspect is often already present in modern memorials

Scholars and the general public alike would not disagree with the statement that history needs humanistic components in order to bring out the full context of an event. However, this does not discredit data analysis as a useful starting point, basis, and visualization tool to depict the scope and broad reach of history. 

Humanistic aspect

d inspired people to abolish slavery.

must be rethought to include the full First, Middle and Final Passage.

he horrific conditions of the First Passage are similar to those of the abominable conditions of the Middle Passage, however the latter is more well known because of the framework in which history has taught the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

",

ons left millions of Africans dead before their arrival in th

Historians' attempt to commemorate this colossal loss of lives is rightfully justified based on historical records and accounts of the event. 

Massive terror, curiosity and confusion towards the strange white Europeans added to the trauma of a slave’s experience prior to the Middle Passage.  

Olaudah Equiano'

Olaudah

perspective.

o exclude this narrative in the memorization of the slave trade would be an injustice to the suffering that all slaves experienced prior to being sold at ports.  

Public Domain. 

Lindsay, Lisa. "Morality of captives from the port of Luanda, 18th century." April 2019. PowerPoint presentation. 

slavery.

excluding the narrative of the First and Final Passages ignores the physical and emotional trauma that slaves experienced from the point of capture to the point of work.

more focused accounts that are more impactful on spreading the meaning of the sufferings and stories of the Middle Passage rather than acting as an antiquity of a mass scope.

The poem allows us to take a person, who before we didn’t know anything about other than them being a slave and humanize their memory by giving them a potential name

The