For to imprint anything on the mind without the mind’s perceiving it, seems to me hardly intelligible.

These have so settled a reputation of maxims universally received, that it will no doubt be thought strange if any one should seem to question it. But yet I take liberty to say, that these propositions are so far from having an universal assent, that there are a great part of mankind to whom they are not so much as known.

Universal consent proves nothing innate. This argument, drawn from universal consent, has this misfortune in it, that if it were true in matter of fact, that there were certain truths wherein all mankind agreed, it would not prove them innate, if there can be any other way shown how men may come to that universal agreement, in the things they do consent in, which I presume may be done.

ncreasingly, we are codifying knowledge in an egalitarian,open, bottom-up way, usingWikipediaand a variety of other open resources.Whatarewetomakeofthis?Isitagoodthing?Wheredowegofromhere?

Furthermore, drugs targeting the gut-liver axis (e.g. intregrin blockers such as vedolizumab, antibiotics) appear promising, based on the close link of PSC to inflammatory bowel disease and the emerging relevance of the gut microbiome for the development of PSC.

African American PSC ∼60% Median age for listing for liver transplantation ∼40 years 5:4 None