- Apr 2019
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all forwards do contend.
All struggle moves forward....
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yourself arise
i.e .until you are resurrected on Judgement Day.
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ending doom
Judgement day.
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enmity
The enmity of being forgotten, of oblivion.
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Mars his sword
Mars) was the Roman god of war.
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sluttish time
I.e, than in a stone tomb or effigy that slovenly time wears away and covers with dust.
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sense
i.e. reason
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canker
This is a reference to a "rose worm" or sawfly which eats rose bushes:
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stain
as above, "darken" or "dim"
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stain
darken
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alack
alas!
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ugly rack
cloudy mask
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sovereign eye
sunlight
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dateless
endless
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sessions
Court proceedings
-
state
In this line "condition" (but note that the same word is used at the end of this poem to refer to chair of state or throne).
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scope
ability
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art
skill
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Featur’d like him, like him with friends possess’d,
I.e. I wish I had one man's looks and another man's friends.
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bootless
futile
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disgrace
more like "disfavor" in this context
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wit
intelligence
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express’d
More than that (rival) speaker who has often said more.
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dumb presagers
mute presenters
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O’ercharg’d
Overweighed
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rite
The first edition records this as "right" suggesting love's due as well as love's ritual.
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trust
for lack of confidence
-
put beside
forgets
-
a-doting
crazy, infatuated
-
hand painted
i.e. not "made up" with cosmetics - a natural beauty.
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blood
In full vigor of life (a hunting term). The phoenix) was a mythical bird that lived five hundred years, then died in flames to rise again from its ashes.
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this
In this case, referring to the poem itself; the boast of immortality for one's verse was a convention going back to Greek and Roman classics.
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ow’st
Ownest "the fairness that you own/is yours"
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untrimm’d:
stripped of lively apparel
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engraft
To renew by grafting (i.e., the process of inserting a shoot or twig into an older tree) - in this case "implant beauty again".
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debateth
could be "fights" or "joins forces with" - meant in both senses here.
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And wear their brave state out of memory
And wear their showy splendor out and are forgotten...
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Vaunt
Exult, display themselves
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secret influence comment
i.e. the stars secretly affect human actions/emotions.
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Holds
Remains
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Time’s scythe
The scythe is a tool often associated with the "grim reaper" - the personification of death as it was an agricultural tool used to harvest wheat. After the bubonic plague, this was the tool universally depicted with the skeleton of death as it is used to "mow down" many "lives" at once. Here is a sculpture from a medieval cathedral in Germany:
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brave
or "defy" him...
-
breed
i.e. "offspring" - to have children.
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I question make
speculate
-
brave
splendid
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be
in other words, "but if you live to be forgotten"...
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Thou art thy mother’s glass and she in thee
This is a really profound line - children are the mirrors for mothers (and fathers) - reflecting back youth and perhaps our imperfections as well....
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so fond
in this case "so foolish"
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unear’d
unplowed (quite the image...)
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repair
state
-
glass
mirror
-
tender churl
or "gentle boor" (an oxymoron)
-
content
What you contain (potential for fatherhood), also what would content you (i.e., marriage and fatherhood).
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self-substantial
of your own substance
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contracted
Betrothed; also, withdrawn into.
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- Mar 2019
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Graecia Perished
Most of Greece fell to the Turks in the decades after Constantinople (1453). Throughout the Balkans, Turkish conquest was facilitated by internecine struggles among the Christian states, some of which even formed short-sighted alliances with the Turks against their neighbors.
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Empire of the Greeks
The Byzantine Empire--in the sense that its lingua franca was Greek (not Latin) and its culture was Greek rather than Roman.
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reigneth
-
Romulus
Founder of Rome.
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lesser Asia
Asia Minor. Tartars are the native inhabitants of the region of central Asia extending eastward from the Caspian Sea.
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700 Years
The Reconquista ("Reconquest") was a series of campaigns by Christian states agains the Muslims (Moors) who had controlled territory on the Iberian Peninsula since the 8th century, ended in 1492, with the fall of the Moorish stronghold of Grenada, on the southern coast of Spain.
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Sarasin Caliphes
"Caliph" (from the Arabic word meaning "successor"--i.e., to Muhammad): the term for the temporal and spiritual head of Islam. "Sarasin" is the generic term (used by Christians) for "Muslim". In what follows, Knolls briefly surveys successive Muslim realms in the millennium leading up to his own time. After Muhammad's death (632 CE), his successors under the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) oversaw a rapid expansion of territory through conquests from the Arabian Peninsula into the regions north of Arabia and west into North Africa. The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) extended Muslim territory as far s the Iberian peninsula in the west and India in the east. The long-lived Abbasid Caliphate (750-1517) oversaw a great flourishing of science, commerce, and culture in a Golden Age centered in Baghdad. The slow decline of the Abbasids allowed for the rise of other Islamic powers, including the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century who claimed the Caliphate and eventually grew to encompass western sia, southeastern Europe (including Greece and the Balkans), coastal areas on both sides of the Red sea, the Horn of Africa, Egypt and the rest of coastal north Africa including eastern Morocco. Although entering a long, gradual decline in the later 16th century, the empire was still very much a thread to eastern Europe at century's end.
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Mahomet
A variant spelling of Muhammad, the Arab prophet through whom the Qu'ran was revealed and the religion of Islam established (in the 7th century CE).
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Author of all mischief
referring to Satan
-
wrath!
Lamentations (2:1) where the mournful ("heavy") prophet, Jeremiah, bewailed the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians, in 586 BCE.
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Infidelity
i.e. of the "heathen" realm; here referring to the Islamic Ottoman Empire.
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Church here militant
In Christian theology, the "Church militant" is the community of all living Christians, considered as fighting against evil.
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ruth
pity
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Empire of the East
The Eastern Roman Empire (later known as the Byzantine Empire), which was severed from the collapsing Western Empire in the 4th century CE, endured until 1473, when its capital, Constantinople (formerly Byzantium and now Istanbul), fell in a Turkish siege.
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trisles
trifles (note that "f" is modern-day "s" during this time)
-
fkill
skill
-
ordnance
artillery
-
the greatest Wiroans
In 1590, Hariot's account was reprinted with copperplate engravings based on watercolors by the expedition's highly skilled artist and mapmaker, John White. This engraving depicts to Alogian Weroans, or great lords, with their weapons:
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targets
shields
-
England
i.e. the variability of height among them is similar to that which would be seen in England
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planting
Establishing colonies
-
resteth
remains that
-
jealousy,
suspicion
-
In May they sow, in July they reap; in June they sow, in August they reap; in July they sow, in September they reap.
They have multiple growing cycles in a single year (three for corn as stated above) indicating very fertile land for agriculture and an abundance of food.
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buff
buffalo hide leather
-
creek
inlet
-
meat,
"meat" usually refers to food in general.
-
Libanus
Lebanon
-
Hyrcania,
A region near the Caspian sea.
-
Bohemia
Central European region; its capital being Prague (present day Czech Republic).
-
Muscovia
The principality of Moscow (often applied to Russia in general).
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conies
rabbits
-
letters patents
Documents issued by the sovereign granting certain rights to the bearer.
-
growen into choller
"grown into cholar" - i.e. anger
-
counterfeit
likeness
-
betrayed
captured
-
Tartarians
aka Tartars--a people of central Asia
-
heir sluttishnes lothing them
Their squalor becoming unbearable to them
-
two fadome
12 feet
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Countesses Iland
Named for the Countess of Warwick
-
cheare
"cheer" (i.e. provisions)
-
furniture
equipment
-
caliuers
Light muskets
-
and not mistrusting
not suspecting
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Master
Ship's captain
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toyes
"toys" or trifles
-
Dudley Earle of Warwicke
Dudley (1528?-1590), a man distinguished in public service was the chief promoter of Frobisher's expeditions.
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Halles greater Iland
"Hall's Greater Island" - named, in the previous year, after the captain of one of Frobisher's ships.
-
discouer
explore
-
store
abundance (gold mine)
-
taken vp
during the previous year's voyage
-
Pinnesse
a light vessel attending on a larger ship.
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Goldfiners
Refiners of gold. The main purpose of Frobsiher's second and third voyages was to seek out gold mines.
-
land-fall
At what is now called Frobisher Bay, a deep inlet in southeastern Baffin Island. Frobisher thought it was a strait --the entrance to the Northwest Passage.
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Moorish
This "Moorish" is a poorly transcribed dialect of Arabic.
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Barbarossa
The Turk Khayr-al-Din (d. 1546) known to Europeans as "Barbarossa" ("Red Beard" in Italian), ruled Algers and was a notorious pirate who later became admiral in chief of the Ottoman Empire.
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pies
magpies
-
corn.
grain in general
-
conversation
behavior
-
ostlers
Stablemen
-
scullians
kitchen servants
-
dung-farmers
those contracted to removed dung and refuse
-
commonwealth-matters
Matters of the common good
-
because they have no law-givers nor teachers among them
The idea being here that, in the absence of lawgivers and teachers, good dispositions can only occur by chance.
-
sped of
Succeed in acquiring. "Divers" = various.
-
rude
uncivilized
-
vouchsafe any entertainment
hospitality
-
governours
rulers
-
ogether by the eares.
i.e. fighting
-
choler
Bile, an overabundance of which was thought, in the old physiology, to produce an irascible temperament.
-
meane
inferior
-
rusticall
"rusticle" - i.e., boorish
-
high-minded
haughty
-
contrarie faults and blemishes
Here it comes....
-
named white, or tawney Moores
Leo had earlier distinguished between "black" Africans and the lighter-skinned peoples of Northern Africa (here called "white" or "tawney Moores")
-
all humanitie
i.e. kindness, benevolence.
-
Numidians
"Numidia" was the long-surviving Roman name for the part of North Africa that now roughly corresponds to Algeria and Tunisia.
-
cattell
"cattle" at this time is livestock generally (not just cows)
-
Barbarians
People of Barbary.
-
sentence
maxim
-
arte
"Art" in this context meaning "craft or skill"
-
exercise traffique
i.e., to carry on trade.
-
put up
i.e., "put up with" or endure
-
artificiall
In this context, "artfully made"
-
prescript
prescribed
-
were fower hundred yeeres agoe
"were four hundred years ago" - the great scientific and cultural flourishing of the Islamic Golden Age took place from the 7th-13th centuries and ended for a number of reasons, including successive waves of invasions of Arab lands by the Mughals, Christians and Turks (with the resulting destruction of cultural institutions such as libraries and schools) but also a rise in Islamic religious and legal thought not favoring rationalistic inquiry.
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Astrologie
Remember that at this time, this refers to all practical applications of astronomical knowledge (i.e. the forecasting of tides) and not, as later, only the foretelling of human affairs by interpreting the motions of heavenly bodies. "Philosophy," similarly, refers to all the liberal arts including the natural sciences.
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M. Doctor Iames,
Nothing is known about this associate of Hakluyt's.
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Athens
In 480 BCE, The Delphic Oracle prophesied that Athens could be saved from the Persian invaders by a "wall of wood." The Athenian politician and general Themistocles interpreted this--correctly, as it turned out--as referring to the wooden ships of the Athenian navy.
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Ce qui m’a fait autresfois rechercher les occasions, qui empeschent, que les Anglois, qui ont d’esprit, de moyens & valeur assez, pour s’aquerir vn grand honeur parmi tous les Chrestiens, ne se font plus valoir sur l’element qui leur est, & doit estre plus naturel qu’ à autres peuples: qui leur doiuent ceder en la structure, accommodement & police de nauires: comme i’ ay veu en plusieurs endroits parmi eux.
This made me inquire into the reasons which prevent the English, who have sufficient intelligence, means, and courage to acquire great honour amongst all Christians, from shining more on the element which is and ought to be more natural to them than to other nations, who must needs yield to them in the building, fitting out, and management of ships, as I have my self often witnessed when amongst them.
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Iaua maior
"Java Major" - the Indonesian island of Java.
-
historie de gestis Romanorum
On the Deeds of the Romans Florus' work (2nd century CE), a history of Rome from its founding to the age of Augustus, is now usually known as the Epitome of All the Wars during Seven Hundred Years.
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Cape of Bona Speranza
The "Cape of Good Hope," near the southern tip of Africa.
-
Isle of Santa Helena
A South Atlantic island about 1,200 miles west of Africa, later best known as the place of exile of Napoleon Bonaparte.
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Moluccaes
The "Spice Islands", an Indonesian archipelago.
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Luzones
The Philippines, held by Spain.
-
Noua Hispania
"New Spain" - loosely used to refer to South and Central America here as a whole; Chile and Peru occupy much of its "back side" (western side), reached by the strait of Magellan.
-
straight of Magellan
The strait - notoriously difficult to navigate -- between mainland South America and Tierra del Fuego.
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Goa
Capital of the Portuguese colony in India ("Balsara" is also a city in India).
-
Aleppo
Like "Tripolis" (Tripoli; mentioned above), a city in Syria.
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Grand Signor
The sultan of Turkey.
-
regiment
reign
-
compassing
circumnavigating
-
consideration that these voyages
i.e., the written accounts of voyages
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passing
In this case, "surpassingly"
-
security
complacency
-
Ligier,
Ambassador--in Paris, where Hakluyt was Stafford's chaplain.
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Christ-church in Oxford
One of the 30 or so colleges that make up Oxford University; now called Christ Church College:
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traffike
note that the term "traffic" in these accounts usually refers to trade.
-
olde account
Medieval maps of the world showed its land mass divided into Asia, Europe and Africa.
-
boord
"board" (i.e. table)
-
Middle Temple
One of four Inns of Court--the legal societies of london, which educated all English lawyers and provided many of them with their chambers.
-
Westminster
The famous preparatory school founded by Henry VIII in the precinct of Westminster Abbey.
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Walsingham
Elizabeth I's secretary of state, Walsingham (1532-1590) who was also her spymaster.
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Increase Font Size Toggle Menu HomeReadSign in Search in book: Search Contents I. The Middle Ages (ca. 476-1485) 1. Bede (ca. 672-735) Bede: BiographyCaedmon’s Hymn 2. Dream of the Rood Dream of the Rood 3. Beowulf: Parts I & II Introduction: BeowulfStory SummaryThemesHistorical BackgroundLiterary StyleReading:Part IPart II 4. Beowulf: Part III Part III 5. Judith Judith6. The Wanderer 7. Wulf and Eadwacer Wulf and Eadwacer 8. The Wife's Lament The Wife’s Lament 9. The Ruin The Ruin 10. Selection of Old English Riddles Selections from Old English Poems 11. The Myth of Arthur's Return Geoffrey of Monmouth: From The History of the Kings of BritainWace: From Roman de BrutLayamon: From Brut II. Irish Literature 12. Cúchulainn’s Boyish Deeds Cúchulainn: IntroductionCuchulainn’s Boyish Deeds III. Anglo-Norman Literature 13. Tristan and Iseult Introduction: Tristan and IseultThe Story SummaryLiterary ThemesReading: Tristan and Yseult 14. Guide for Anchoresses (Ancrene Wisse) The Sweetness and Pain of Enclosure 15. Romances of Marie de France Marie de France: IntroductionArthurian LegendDiscussion Questions:Helpful ResourcesReading: THE LAY OF SIR LAUNFAL IV. Middle English Literature in the 14th and 15th Century 16. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (ca. 1375-1400) Introduction: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 17. Sir Gawain: Parts I & II Part IPart II 18. Sir Gawain: Parts III & IV Part IIIPart IV19. Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales 20. Canterbury Tales: General Prologue Prologue 21. Canterbury Tales: Miller's Prologue and Tale Introduction: The Miller’s TaleStory SummaryReading: The Miller’s PrologueThe Miller’s Tale 22. Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale Introduction: The Wife of BathStory Summary:Reading: The Wife of Bath’s PrologueWife of Bath’s Tale 23. Canterbury Tales: The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale Introduction: The PardonerStory Summary:Reading: Pardoner’s PrologueThe Pardoner’s Tale 24. Canterbury Tales: The Nun's Priest's Tale Introduction: The Nun’s Priest’s TaleStory Summary:Reading: The Nun’s Priest’s Tale: PrologueThe Nun’s Priest’s Tale25. Chaucer's Retraction to Canterbury Tales26. Julian of Norwich: Revelations of Divine Love (Selections) 27. Margery Kempe: Excerpts from The Book of Margery Kempe Introduction: The Book of Margery Kempe BiographySummaryReading: The Birth of Her First Child and Her First Vision (excerpt)Her Pride and Attempts to Start a Business (excerpt)Margery and Her Husband Reach a Settlement28. The Wakefield Second Shepherd's Play29. Middle English Lyrics30. Robert Henryson: The Cock and the Jasp31. Everyman 32. Thomas Malory: Le Morte d'Arthur Introdution: Le Morte d’ArthurReading: Selection from Morte d’Arthur V. The Sixteenth Century 33. Sir Thomas More: Utopia UTOPIA34. From: The Book of Common Prayer 35. WOMEN IN POWER: Selected Readings Mary I (Tudor): IntroductionMary Tudor: BiographyLady Jane Grey: IntroductionLady Jane: BiographyMary Queen of Scots: IntroductionElizabeth I: IntroductionBiography36. Edmund Spencer: the Faerie Queene (Book I) 37. Sir Walter Raleigh: Poems and From: The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana Sir Walter Raleigh: IntroductionBiography: Sir Walter RaleighPoems38. Sir Philip Sidney: From Astrophil and Stella 39. THE WIDER WORLD: Selected Readings The Wider World: Selected Readings Hakluyt’s Dedicatory Epistle to The Principal Navigations, 1589Leo Africanus on the North Africans, 1526An English Traveller’s Guide to the North Africans, 1547Voyage to the Arctic, 1577, with Reflections on Racial DifferenceAmadas and Barlowe’s Voyage to Virginia, 1584Hariot’s Report on Virginia, 1585General History of the Turks, 1603 40. Christopher Marlowe: Hero and Leander Hero and Leander 41. Christopher Marlowe: Doctor Faustus The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 42. William Shakespeare: Selected Sonnets Selected Sonnets 43. William Shakespeare: Taming of the Shrew THE TAMING OF THE SHREW VI. Early Seventeenth Century 44. John Dunne: Selections Songs and SonnetsA Selection of Holy SonnetsFrom: Devotions upon Emergent Occasions45. Aemilia Lanyar: Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum 46. Ben Jonson: Epigrams and Poetry EpigramsPoemsFrom: Underwood 47. GENDER RELATIONS: Conflict and Counsel From: The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanity of Them Choose you WhetherRachel Speght: From A Muzzle for Melastomus William Gouge: From Domestical Duties48. Francis Bacon: Essays49. Margaret Cavendish: The Blazing World 50. George Herbert: The Temple The Temple 51. CRISIS OF AUTHORITY: The Beheading of Charles I From: King Charles, His Trial (1649)From: A Perfect Diurnal of Some Passages in Parliament, no. 288Robert Filmer: From Patriarcha John Milton: From The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates Gerrard Winstanley: From A New Year’s Gift Sent to the Parliament and ArmyThomas Hobbes: From Leviathan 52. CRISIS OF AUTHORITY: Political Writing Robert Filmer: From Patriarcha John Milton: From The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates Gerrard Winstanley: From A New Year’s Gift Sent to the Parliament and ArmyThomas Hobbes: From Leviathan 53. CRISIS OF AUTHORITY: Writing the Self Lucy Hutchinson: From Memoirs of the Life of Colonel John HutchinsonEdward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon: From The History of the RebellionLady Anne Halkett: From The Memoires 54. John Milton: Poems and Sonnets LycidasSonnets 55. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Books 1-3) BOOK 1BOOK 2BOOK 3 56. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Books 4-6) BOOK 4BOOK 5BOOK 6 57. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Books 7-9) BOOK 7BOOK 8BOOK 9 58. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Books 10-12) BOOK 10BOOK 11BOOK 12 Appendix An Open Companion for British Literature I 37 Sir Walter Raleigh: Poems and From: The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana Sir Walter Raleigh: Introduction Biography: Sir Walter Raleigh by Jade Broadwater Sir Walter Raleigh lived an adventurous life. He was born around 1552 but most of his beginning is uncertain. At 17 Sir Walter Raleigh attended Oxford College he fought in Queen Elizabeth’s army and soon came to be one of her favorites. Exceeding through the ranks he was knighted and in 1585, just two years later, he became the captain of the queen’s guard. He then established a colony in the new land on the outskirts of Roanoke Island. However, he soon lost the favor of the Queen when he secretly married his wife, Elizabeth “Bessy” Throckmorton, without his queen’s approval and was imprisoned to The Tower of Loden in 1592. Three years later he was released and sent on an unsuccessful expedition to Guiana to search for Eldorado but came up short. The relationship between Queen Elizabeth and Sir Walter Raleigh, despite his best efforts, did not recover after his betrayal of marrying another woman, and once she died in 1603 her successor, King James I, sent him to prison for treason of plotting against the King. This was the second time Sir Walter Raleigh was sent to prison and surly wouldn’t be his last. During his 13-year sentence Sir Walter Raleigh wrote some of his greater works such as “A History of the world” which depicts his annotations and maps he had drawn during his many explorations. After 13 years he was released and served in another expedition to the South Americas. However, he attacked Spanish territory without the permission of the king and when he returned home from another unsuccessful expedition he was imprison for the last time where he was than executed in 1618. A Farewell to False Love summary: Sir Walter Raleigh wrote this poem in response to the Italian poem Contr’ Amour, which was about the beauty and the delights of what love can offer you. Sir Walter Raleigh takes this poem and instead flips it. Rather than showing the beauty of love his poem A Farewell to False Love shows the ugliness and darkness of what love can do to you. How love can betray you. It is believed that the reason behind this poem is because of his wrongful imprisonment by the Queen for marrying one of her hand-maids. During his rise, Sir Walter Raleigh was a favorite of the Queens and most of his poems he wrote were about praising the Queen. However, during this piece, he expresses his emotions of betrayal from the Queen and how his love for her ruined him and the life he worked for. If Cynthia be a Queen, a Princess, and Supreme Summary: This poem is a part of a collection Called the Cynthia poems which were either unfinished or lost. In these poems Sir Walter Raleigh wrote about his undying and courtly love to the Queen and instead of addressing her as Elizabeth and unveiling the secret he addressed the Poems to Cynthia, who is also a Roman goddess known for the hunt and wild animals. This meaning behind the name may be the fundamental theme of this poem, and of the other poems in the collection. Sir Walter Raleigh wrote these poems only after he fell out of good gracious with the Queen in order to win her back over, the hunt to become one of her most trusted advisors again after betraying her trust and marrying one of her hand-maids. The Nymph’s reply to the Shepherd Summary: This is yet another response piece to another poem. The poem that Raleigh was responding to while writing this poem was written by Christopher Marlowe and was called The Passionate Shepherd to His Love. In Raleigh’s response he questions the sort-term promises and opens the door on much bigger discussions on the topic of how we reach for happiness. If you’re willing to sacrifice right now for the long-term or vice versa. Discussion Questions iF YOU KNEW THAT A RELATIONSHIP/BOND WAS GONG TO BRING YOU A LOT OF PAIN AND UNHAPPINESS IN THE END WOULD YOU STILL WANT IT FOR THE JOURNY OR NOT? (fALSE LOVE) iN THE LIE RALEIGH ACUSSES EVERYONE OF bEIING SOMEONE THERE NOT, COOULD THATBE SAID FOR TODAYS WORLD ESPECIALLY REGARDING SOCIAL MEDIA? SHOULD WE SACRIFICE SHORT-TERM HAPPINESS FOR LONGTERM HAPPINESS OR IS LIFE TOO SHORT AND WE SOULD GO FOR WHAT WE WANT REGARDLESS OF THE LONGTERM? (NYMPH) wHY DOES sIR WALTER CARE, HOLD ON TO, AND EVEN WRITE MORE ABOUT THE IMPRISONMENT FROM QUEEN eLIZABETH THAN THE TWO SENTENCES HE SERVED AND DIED IN FROM kING jAMES i (BACK STORY) SOMETHING ALONG THE LINES OF DESIRE AND PURITY WHICH IS WHAT THE THEME OF THE POEM IS(nATURE) OTHER RESOURCES https://quizlet.com/40684207/sir-walter-raleigh-flash-cards/ http://primaryfacts.com/3040/sir-walter-raleigh-facts-and-information/ https://www.stuffyoushouldknow.com/videos/sir-walter-raleigh-beheading-video.htm https://youtu.be/7W0FqD1iQmo Poems A Farewell to False Love Farewell, false love, the oracle of lies, A mortal foe and enemy to rest, An envious boy, from whom all cares arise, A bastard vile, a beast with rage possessed, A way of error, a temple full of treason, In all effects contrary unto reason. A poisoned serpent covered all with flowers, Mother of sighs, and murderer of repose, A sea of sorrows whence are drawn such showers As moisture lend to every grief that grows; A school of guile, a net of deep deceit, A gilded hook that holds a poisoned bait. A fortress foiled, which reason did defend, A siren song, a fever of the mind, A maze wherein affection finds no end, A raging cloud that runs before the wind, A substance like the shadow of the sun, A goal of grief for which the wisest run. A quenchless fire, a nurse of trembling fear, A path that leads to peril and mishap, A true retreat of sorrow and despair, An idle boy that sleeps in pleasure’s lap, A deep mistrust of that which certain seems, A hope of that which reason doubtful deems. Sith then thy trains my younger years betrayed, And for my faith ingratitude I find; And sith repentance hath my wrongs bewrayed, Whose course was ever contrary to kind: False love, desire, and beauty frail, adieu! Dead is the root whence all these fancies grew. If Cynthia Be a Queen, a Princess, and Supreme
This was an "apology" and tribute to Queen Elizabeth from the Tower of London.
-
themselves.
Despite all of Ralegh's enticements and admonitions, Queen Elizabeth declined to support his proposal for the conquest of Guiana.
-
composition
i.e. treaty
-
Manoa
The supposed ruler of Guiana and its chief city, Manoa.
-
Contractation-House
Place for receiving the goods contracted to be sent back to the investors who would finance the Guiana expedition.
-
doubt
fear
-
her Majesty’s grandfather
Henry VII. In 1488, Bartholomew Columbus petitioned Henry to sponsor his brother Christopher in an attempt to find a new rout to the (East) Indies by sailing west. The king declined, so Christopher turned to Queen Isabella of Spain.
-
Don Antonio de Berreo
One of Ralegh's informants, a captured Spanish officer at Trinidad. Francisco de Orellana (1490-1546), a Spanish soldier, was the first explorer of the Amazon.
-
So as whosoever shall first possess it
He is encouraging the English to seize the area as its geography makes it easy to defend.
-
manurance
i.e. the fertility of the soil has not been exhausted by cultivation ("manurance")
-
wrought
Quarried or mined
-
equinoctial line.
Equator
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calentura
a tropical disease that causes hallucinations
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sluttishly
Who idled without initiative most carelessly
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cama or anta
Also known as the "South American tapir":
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And the shining glory of this conquest will eclipse all those so far-extended beams of the Spanish nation.
A very optimistic fellow.
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Spaniard of the Caracas, who told me that it was El Madre del Oro
I think the Spaniards are just having a little fun with him...
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had not any gold fixed in them
Something tells me there will be no gold...or silver...and these colored stones won't amount to much.
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lively prospects
striking vistas
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ill footman
Poor walker
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Caroli
A tributary river of the Orinoco. Intrigued by reports of its waterfalls and the country above them, Ralegh led a small group to explore the region.
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From:
Raleigh had reports from several Spaniards of the unexplored kingdom of Guiana ("Land of the Waters"; now Venezuela). Lying between the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers, the kingdom supposedly included the city the Spaniards called "El Dorado"--the Golden City. Raleigh led an expedition to Guiana in 1595 and the following year published an account of it, which was reprinted in 1598-1600 in Richard Hakluyt's massive collection The Principle Navigations, Voyages, Traffics, and Discoveries of the English Nation.
Here is an engraving from Raleigh's report titled "Men whose heads/Do Grow Beneath their Shoulders" :
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wantonness
playfulness
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faith
in this case, fidelity
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physic
medicine or presumption
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tickle points of niceness
In trivial distinctions
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wit
intellect
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blasteth
withers away
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wants
lacks
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estate
state
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rotten wood
with phosphorescence
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