First, if pressed by the temporal power, they have affirmed and maintained that the temporal power has no jurisdiction over them, but, on the contrary, that the spiritual power is above the temporal.
This is saying how much more the Pope meant to the community, almost more than God and the Lord himself, and this is what is a major point that is being out, needs to be changed.
he increase of virtue in Christ's religion, and for the conservation of the peace, unity, and tranquility of this realm; any usage, foreign land, foreign authority, prescription, or any other thing or things to the contrary hereof notwithstanding.
This is a really ironic statement, because they are saying that all the bad aspects of Christianity will be erased with the rise of the Church of England. However, the Church of England's founder and head, King Henry VIII, made it to go against what the Pope said, just because he wanted a divorce.
Jesus said, "If a blind man leads a blind man, they will both fall into a pit."
This is basically the phrase of the blind leading the blind. So follow those who are righteous and can see the importance of God. Don't follow those who sin or worship false prophets, because they will lead you down the path of destruction.
(15) Jesus said, "When you see one who was not born of woman, prostrate yourselves on your faces and worship him. That one is your father."
I believe this is talking about God, and how he is made different from humans. He is an entity not something that was given birth to.
(7) Jesus said, "Blessed is the lion which becomes man when consumed by man; and cursed is the man whom the lion consumes, and the lion becomes man."
This is talking about the fact that man is a cursed breed, because of the old sin nature that all humans have due to Adam and Eve. Is this dealing with the cursed nature man has, and what is consumed by or what consumes us, deals with that same curse?
By a senate decree my name was included in the Saliar Hymn, and it was sanctified by a law, both that I would be sacrosanct for ever, and that, as long as I would live, the tribunician power would be mine. I was unwilling to be high priest in the place of my living colleague; when the people offered me that priesthood which my father had, I refused it. And I received that priesthood, after several years, with the death of him who had occupied it since the opportunity of the civil disturbance, with a multitude flocking together out of all Italy to my election, so many as had never before been in Rome, when Publius Sulpicius and Gaius Valgius were consuls (12 B.C.E.).
This is displaying just how he important was during that time, his power was only growing and the importance people put on him allowed for him to keep climbing up the rope to where his pinnacle in his career would've been had.
In my nineteenth year, on my own initiative and at my own expense, I raised an army with which I set free the state, which was oppressed by the domination of a faction. For that reason, the senate enrolled me in its order by laudatory resolutions, when Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius were consuls (43 B.C.E.), assigning me the place of a consul in the giving of opinions, and gave me the imperium. With me as propraetor, it ordered me, together with the consuls, to take care lest any detriment befall the state. But the people made me consul in the same year, when the consuls each perished in battle, and they made me a triumvir for the settling of the state.
Augustus is explaining his claim to power, that would later be reasons how he was able to increase his role in society.
So is there no way to escape the will of Zeus.
Zeus is seen as a similar God to that of the Christian faith. He reigns superior over everyone.
For where the rewards of virtue are greatest, there the noblest citizens are enlisted in the service of the state. And now, when you have duly lamented, every one his own dead, you may depart.
War is important, and they are stating the winner will be that where not one person departs.
our military training is in many respects superior to that of our adversaries.
Shows they valued warfare very highly, and were very competitive.
Our form of government does not enter into rivalry with the institutions of others.
Government and warfare are both addressed here, and in doing so it allows for a better understanding of this society.
This is when humans were cursed, because they went against the Gods.
But I will give men as the price for fire an evil thing in which they may all be glad of heart while they embrace their own destruction.”
Man has been given the choice to choose from right from wrong, and the choices they make will be held accountable to them.
After this opened Job his mouth, and cursed his day.
This is when Job changed his mind about God, he questioned being a believer.
This is relating to the idea of "an eye for an eye" from the Code of Hammurabi.
And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, all that he hath is in thy power; only upon himself put not forth thine hand. So Satan went forth from the presence of the LORD.
He's considering to go against God, and wants to question his power and presence.
This gives the idea for "an eye for an eye" mentality from the Code of Hammurabi.
This is when he believes he is equal to God, and thinks his questions and wants need to be addressed and resolved.
15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.
This is showing man's role in society. Man would be the laborer.
The Lord God said, “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him.”
It's weird that women are referred to as "helpers". Especially since this proves the point that women's roles were slowly becoming household workers.
The tradition that man's first sexual intercourse was with animals, not women, may be due to the widely spread practice of bestiality among the herdsmen of the Middle East, which is still condoned by custom, although figuring three times in the Pentateuch as a capital crime.
This is an interesting concept, however the way in which they talk about bestiality; almost as though it was nothing or even common.
But when they said, “Give us a king to lead us,”
The pleading for a leader, is a very strong statement. It is something that people only ask at the edge of desperation, even when they knew it wasn't the right choice.
If a man violate the wife (betrothed or child-wife) of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father's house, and sleep with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but the wife is blameless.
Mesopotamia is a place of marriages that are upheld to be a closed relationship. It is also a very interesting law, because it is similar to "Thou shalt not commit adultery", from The Ten Commandments.
If he be not able to replace the corn, then he and his possessions shall be divided among the farmers whose corn he has flooded.
This allows for us to see that corn in Mesopotamia was a highly values crop; and if a harvest yields nothing or the field is ruined by the hand of the farmer, the farmer is held responsible.
6. If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death.
This law establishes that Mesopotamia was a place of strict hierarchy, and has a very important government that if something is done wrongly towards them; the action or statement will result in death. No mercy is given to those who wrong the temple or court.
Values aren’t a birthright: you need to keep caring about them. Living in the west, however you define it, being western, provides no guarantee that you will care about western civilisation.
The statement highlighted is very much true, and something people often forget. Values aren't something that is instinctual, or something that you have right out of the womb. What you value is based on the values of the people around you as you are being brought up, yet what you grow to value will be things that you choose to value. Values have no guarantee, it's the choice of the individual at hand, however there are many influences that can lead to what you value.
Because European and American debates today about whether western culture is fundamentally Christian inherit a genealogy in which Christendom is replaced by Europe and then by the idea of the west.
This is striking to me, because I have lived in the Middle East, Eastern and Western Europe, and in the United States; so the amount of cultures I have seen I believe is what made me who I am today. The differences between the cultures also interest me when entertaining the idea of how much western culture influences the world. Especially when these ideals being replicated, are those that go against the religion that certain cultures don't practice.
For Arnold, culture was the “pursuit of our total perfection by means of getting to know, on all the matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world”. Arnold wasn’t interested in anything as narrow as class-bound connoisseurship: he had in mind a moral and aesthetic ideal, which found expression in art and literature and music and philosophy.
This is a concept of culture, I never thought of. For me, culture was always something pertaining to a group of people, something that makes that group who they are. However, when reading this, I realized culture isn't as materialistic and as manufactured as I had originally thought. Culture is more so a mindset, a set of values, a way of living that a group of people share and defines them.