Literally the actual policy logic of gup. Most important piece of code right here for gup

helper func to lookup vma(virtual mem area) that warns per hour about half way relevant acc and changes in stack

function for adding reference

This is what are building the structure for

The vast majority of people browsing social media streams via the web are doing just this: spending a lot of time browsing junk content.

While much of this "junk content" is for entertainment or some means of mental and/or emotional health, at root it becomes the opiate of the masses.

Value of knowledge in a zettelkasten as a function of reference(use/look up) frequency; links to other ideas; ease of recall without needing to look up (also a measure of usefulness); others?

Define terms and create a mathematical equation of stocks and flows around this system of information. Maybe "knowledge complexity" or "information optimization"? see: https://hypothes.is/a/zejn0oscEe-zsjMPhgjL_Q

takes into account the value of information from the perspective of a particular observer<br /> relative information value

cross-reference: Umberto Eco on no piece of information is superior: https://hypothes.is/a/jqug2tNlEeyg2JfEczmepw

Inspired by idea in https://hypothes.is/a/CdoMUJCYEe-VlxtqIFX4qA

inspired by, but definitely not take from as not in evidence

Many people have "daily notes" and "project notes" in what they consider to be their zettelkasten workflow. These can be thought of as subcategories of reference notes (aka literature notes, bibliographic notes). The references in these cases are simply different sorts of material than one would traditionally include in this category. Instead of indexing the ideas within a book or journal article, you're indexing what happened to you on a particular day (daily notes) or indexing ideas or progress on a particular project (project notes). Because they're different enough in type and form, you might keep them in their own "departments" (aka folders) within your system just the same way that with enough material one might break out their reference notes to separate books from newspapers, journal articles, or lectures.

In general form and function they're all broadly serving the same functionality and acting as a ratchet and pawl on the information that is being collected. They capture context; they serve as reminder. The fact that some may be used less or referred to less frequently doesn't make them necessarily less important

There are some fleeting ideas which are truly great and the entire purpose of writing them down is to maintain their value. ("I was in the bath one day...") Others ideas aren't particularly genius, but may need to be kept for later use or actionability. Still other ideas are just useless and these get flushed out in the wash.

BD doesn't do an exceptional job of looking at the entirety of the spectrum of ideas here, which could be useful and illustrative, but instead focuses on moving things toward what he's calling "main notes", and even these can have different levels of value to a particular person.

1:21:44 By identifying WASTE - we can identify capacity to create VALUE for ALL

Here, a policy decision is made to fully replenish the latency_ration with the LATENCY_LIMIT and then yield back to the scheduler if we've exhausted it. This makes it so that when scheduled again, we have the full LATENCY_LIMIT to do a scan. Alternative policies could grow/shrink this to find a better heuristic instead of fully replenishing each time.

Marked config/value as awe're replacing latency_ration with a compiletime-defined limit.

FOR This is a very e very exciting development towards VALUE CREATION in the COMMONS

The potential for violence, for cutting the flowers, for almost sabotaging her own reproductive system which is deemed by Gilead to be a gift, a valuable resource. She doesn't want to be valued.

annotate - Michel Bauwens - what kind of money do we need for the next value revolution?

Link to Odell’s “How to Do Nothing”

ref. REA in Value Flows

3.2

2.2

carbon: 2.6

Part of Luhmann's practice in looking up ideas to place in his zettelkasten first was a means of preventing duplication of ideas. If an idea is repeated, that can be noted on the extant card as evidence that others see the idea too or one can compare the potential subtle differences as a means of expanding the space.

Eliminating duplication also assists in the ratchet effect of collecting information and connecting it.

Has education in the United States fallen prey to lip service about its importance. Have we substituted an idea of it's value for the actual value itself?

Almost everyone says education is important and that we value it, but do we put our money where our mouth is?

x

3:50 "options are the right but not obligation to buy or sell"<br /> who on earth is so stupid to take part in such a gamble?<br /> this is just another intelligence test, exploiting the fact that most people are idiots.

We tend to view choices in terms of value -- ie good vs bad. For example, I value eating chocolate ice cream and label it as good, more than I value eating broccoli, which I label as bad. However, I have to exert extra effort to acknowledge the value and advantages of both types of food.

As people, we're wired to follow the path of greatest reward for least effort. That's a psychological challenge that we as the learning designer community face in discussions on viewing F2F and online learning as different and not as good vs bad..

In the same way, I believe that presenting the case of different instead of better requires the instructor or designer to exert extra effort as well.

By saying something is different, we're leaving ourselves open to more choices and more uncertainty. It's much easier on the brain to say "In person is better than online teaching/learning". If we accept that they are different, this will require us to do more work to maximize the value of each one. It's necessary work, but it's still a perception that requires more thought and effort.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawala

first sighting: I don't think I've seen someone write exactly && nil before.

Apparently to avoid having the return value from errors.add — which should be done solely for its side effect, not to get a return value -- inadvertently being used as a return value for user. It wouldn't make sense to return from user. That should only return a User or nil. And more statically typed languages would allow that to be expressed/enforced from type annotations alone, which would have caught the mistake of returning errors.add if someone had accidentally attempted to return that.

Having user (and therefore call) return nil is key to the unless @current_user working.

I appreciate the attention to detail of returning nil if that's what should be returned (rather than accidentally just returning the return value from the last line of code, errors.add.

reply to u/Flubber78769 at https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/17ajd34/ive_been_struggling_with_duplicate_notes_within/

This is the value of actually indexing your content. You can do a quick search around the index entries which provides a natural check against duplication, but importantly it'll let you think about those ideas again and spend your time more profitably by expanding upon them instead.

Occasionally I'll find duplication from one source to the next which provides some support about an idea's value or spread over time, especially when I'm tracking usage of a thing, so it's not always the case that duplication is automatically a bad thing.

```css :root { color-scheme: light dark; }

body { background: light-dark(#333, #ccc); } ```

value proposition is about solving a problem or a need for a customer

https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4767325/does-the-entropy-of-a-chatgpt-sentence-match-that-of-the-output

• for: nature has no values, human values, purpose, purposelessness,
• key insight
  • evolution doesn't care
  • humans care, humans construct value and want to save ourselves. Evolution doesn't care if entire species live or die.
• comment
  • I've thought the same thing. It differentiates human beings from nature
  • Another way to say this is that humans have purpose, nature does not

Über 100 Menschen sind in den vergangenen Tagen in Nordindien an den Folgen einer Hitzewelle mit Rekordtemperaturen gestorben. Eine Studie der World Weather attribution hat ergeben, dass die Hitzewelle in Indien im April durch die globale Erhitzung um 30% wahrscheinlicher geworden ist. Wenn sich die Erhitzung fortsetzt werden große Teile Indiens, wie eine weitere neulich veröffentlichte Studie ergibt, für Menschen potenziell unbewohnbar werden.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/19/india-heatwave-scores-dead-warning-stay-indoors-during-day-heat-wave-uttar-pradesh-eastern-bihar

In Peking und den acht chinesischen Provinzhauptstädten wurden in den vergangenen Tagen Rekordtemperaturen gemessen.

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/chine-pekin-suffoque-sous-39-degres-un-record-pour-la-periode-20230616_ICAJYWZ3ERBIZDIJHRGIVSZSJQ/

In 2019, Carthusian monks went back to their values and decided to scale back their production of Chartreuse.

people are great at the collecting and categorizing pieces, but we're less good at going back in and connecting or expressing and this is where the value increases exponentially

{Quality Assurance}

{Services}

{Community Advice}

{Data Typing} {Multiple Resolution}

Key finding - Values cannot be quantified - but are something felt, - and which has a quality (qualia)

• values from different culture are displayed via eeg

-Comment - this display would make an excellent BEing journey to explore perspectival knowing, situatedness and the misunderstandings that emerge from different ways of seeing the world, different meanings attached to the same words, and different saliencies and priorities

• in Korea in 2019, Maurice installed as display using QR codes and Blockchain to explore transactions of values

"value" is a big concept. We certainly need to move toward serving (l)earners with more comprehensive and transparent data about the economic value of credentials. I believe it will be a miss to not also address more holistic value propositions that may also communicate important data to credentials seekers.

Note that this still allows an empty array, []. It only disallows: null and [null].

This is a post.

Wiki table of contents of the Icarus paradox

His collection is incredibly important to him. He states this in a way that's highly reminiscent of Jean Paul.

"In the event of a fire, the black-bound excerpts are to be saved first." —instructions from Jean Paul to his wife before setting off on a trip in 1812 #

card file as art!

Phase 4 or the current state of computer technology development has many unique issues. Because of the proliferation of computers and internet devices our definitions of the internet and computers have already become dated. Many new benefits of computing have been introduced such as biotechnology and nanocomputing. Balancing the benefits of these new fields while also being cautious of the new pitfalls is an important aspect of cyberethics. The utilitarian belief would suggest that the potential positive our society could achieve through these new technologies far outweigh the potential negatives and thus these advancements are ethical.

Defining cyber ethics is an important step in educating the public. Because all other forms of computer related ethics relate to specific features of the internet and computing, these definitions would not suffice when creating a field to encompass all these topics.

annotation meta: may need new tag:

distinction between nothing, false, and empty array

verbiage that allows for ...

Reiss, D. (2021, October 15). Perspective | People lie about their ‘religious’ objections to vaccines. Proving it is hard. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/religious-exemptions-law-vaccines-dishonesty/2021/10/15/df405c38-2d0d-11ec-8ef6-3ca8fe943a92_story.html

I'm trying to wrap my head around this: why is the threat of financialization of value necessary for value to accrue around a protocol. Why non-monetary value generation hinges on the threat of monetary value being introduced?

https://www.reddit.com/r/books/comments/wue2ex/looking_for_books_with_wider_margins_for/

Not long after I posted this it had about 3 upvotes, including my automatic 1. It's now at 0, and there are several responses about not writing in books at all. It seems like this particular book community is morally opposed to writing in one's books! 🤣

Why though? There's a tremendously long tradition of writing in books, and probably more so when they were far more expensive! Now they're incredibly inexpensive commodities, so why should we be less inclined to write in them, particularly when there's reasonable evidence of the value of doing so?

I might understand not writing in library books as part of their value within the commons, but https://booktraces.org/ indicates that almost 12% or more of the books they've tracked prior to 1924 have some sort of mark, writing, or evidence that it was actively read.

Given what I know of the second hand markets, it's highly unlikely that my books (marked up or not) will ever be read by another person.

There's so much more to say here, but I just haven't the time today...

reward>cost creates a perverse incentive

Another example of saving one's commonplace in case of a fire!

link to: - https://hypothes.is/a/BLL9TvZ9EeuSIrsiWKCB9w - https://hypothes.is/a/zHUghMiaEeuKKvcrc5ux5w

5.7 Prioritize by weighing the value of additional information against the cost of not deciding.

5.6 Make your decisions as expected value calculations.

Often you may need to dig below the surface of something to find it's real value.

This is related to quotes about being able to find something interesting, redeeming, valuable about bad books as well as being able to learn from the fool.

The way that Tiago Forte overlaps the idea of C.O.D.E. (capture/collect, organize, distill, express) with the divergence/convergence model points out some primary differences of his system and that of some of the more refined methods of maintaining a zettelkasten.

<small>Overlapping ideas of C.O.D.E. and divergence/convergence from Tiago Forte's book Building a Second Brain (Atria Books, 2022) </small>

Forte's focus on organizing is dedicated solely on to putting things into folders, which is a light touch way of indexing them. However it only indexes them on one axis—that of the folder into which they're being placed. This precludes them from being indexed on a variety of other axes from the start to other places where they might also be used in the future. His method requires more additional work and effort to revisit and re-arrange (move them into other folders) or index them later.

Most historical commonplacing and zettelkasten techniques place a heavier emphasis on indexing pieces as they're collected.

Commonplacing creates more work on the user between organizing and distilling because they're more dependent on their memory of the user or depending on the regular re-reading and revisiting of pieces one may have a memory of existence. Most commonplacing methods (particularly the older historic forms of collecting and excerpting sententiae) also doesn't focus or rely on one writing out their own ideas in larger form as one goes along, so generally here there is a larger amount of work at the expression stage.

Zettelkasten techniques as imagined by Luhmann and Ahrens smooth the process between organization and distillation by creating tacit links between ideas. This additional piece of the process makes distillation far easier because the linking work has been done along the way, so one only need edit out ideas that don't add to the overall argument or piece. All that remains is light editing.

Ahrens' instantiation of the method also focuses on writing out and summarizing other's ideas in one's own words for later convenient reuse. This idea is also seen in Bruce Ballenger's The Curious Researcher as a means of both sensemaking and reuse, though none of the organizational indexing or idea linking seem to be found there.

This also fits into the diamond shape that Forte provides as the height along the vertical can stand in as a proxy for the equivalent amount of work that is required during the overall process.

This shape could be reframed for a refined zettelkasten method as an indication of work

Forte's diamond shape provided gives a visual representation of the overall process of the divergence and convergence.

But what if we change that shape to indicate the amount of work that is required along the steps of the process?!

Here, we might expect the diamond to relatively accurately reflect the amounts of work along the path.

If this is the case, then what might the relative workload look like for a refined zettelkasten? First we'll need to move the express portion between capture and organize where it more naturally sits, at least in Ahren's instantiation of the method. While this does take a discrete small amount of work and time for the note taker, it pays off in the long run as one intends from the start to reuse this work. It also pays further dividends as it dramatically increases one's understanding of the material that is being collected, particularly when conjoined to the organization portion which actively links this knowledge into one's broader world view based on their notes. For the moment, we'll neglect the benefits of comparison of conjoined ideas which may reveal flaws in our thinking and reasoning or the benefits of new questions and ideas which may arise from this juxtaposition.

This sketch could be refined a bit, but overall it shows that frontloading the work has the effect of dramatically increasing the efficiency and productivity for a particular piece of work.

Note that when compounded over a lifetime's work, this diagram also neglects the productivity increase over being able to revisit old work and re-using it for multiple different types of work or projects where there is potential overlap, not to mention the combinatorial possibilities.

--

It could be useful to better and more carefully plot out the amounts of time, work/effort for these methods (based on practical experience) and then regraph the resulting power inputs against each other to come up with a better picture of the efficiency gains.

Is some of the reason that people are against zettelkasten methods that they don't see the immediate gains in return for the upfront work, and thus abandon the process? Is this a form of misinterpreted-effort hypothesis at work? It can also be compounded at not being able to see the compounding effects of the upfront work.

What does research indicate about how people are able to predict compounding effects over time in areas like money/finance? What might this indicate here? Humans definitely have issues seeing and reacting to probabilities in this same manner, so one might expect the same intellectual blindness based on system 1 vs. system 2.

Given that indexing things, especially digitally, requires so little work and effort upfront, it should be done at the time of collection.

I'll admit that it only took a moment to read this highlighted sentence and look at the related diagram, but the amount of material I was able to draw out of it by reframing it, thinking about it, having my own thoughts and ideas against it, and then innovating based upon it was incredibly fruitful in terms of better differentiating amongst a variety of note taking and sense making frameworks.

For me, this is a great example of what reading with a pen in hand, rephrasing, extending, and linking to other ideas can accomplish.

The value of any given piece of content is not evenly distributed. Different people will get different things out of any particular piece. This is why the "holy grail" of universal note taking or excerpting will fail at mass scale.

Similarly, many non-fiction books also print their small handful of insights on their jacket covers, so one needn't necessarily read the entire book to get the gist of what it will present.

ewqeqweqweqw

As per IPCC AR6 WGIII, Chapter 5 outlining for the first time, the enormous mitigation potential of social aspects of mitigation - such as behavioral change - can add up to 40 percent of mitigation. And also harkening back to Donella Meadows' leverage points that point out shifts in worldviews, paradigms and value systems are the most powerful leverage points in system change.

Stop Reset Go advocates humanity builds an open source, open access praxis for Deep Humanity, understand the depths of what it means to be a living and dying human being in the context of an entwined culture. Sharing best practices and constantly crowdsourcing the universal and salient aspects of our common humanity can help rapidly transform the inner space of each human INTERbeing, which can powerfully influence outer (social) transformation.

The Stop Reset Go WEALTH2WELLTH program and sister city programs between wealthier and adjacent poorer communities can be an instantiation of OP NewNet. As the latest IPCC report shows, the wealthy play an outsized role in contributing to the hyperthreat so have a greater burden of responsiblity to reduce their footprint. One way to do this is transferring their excessive wealth to less fortunate so that they can have a viable safety net

Combined with open access Deep Humanity education, worldviews and value systems can shift and financial wealth can be seen as a tool for system change in which their ROI is an even greater satisfaction in playing a critical role in the transition.

An Open Access Deep Humanity education program whose core principles are continuously improved through crowdsourcing, can teach the constructed nature of reality, especially using compelling BEing Journeys. This inner transformation can rapidly create the nonlinear paradigm, worldview and value shifts that Donella Meadows identified as the greatest leverage points in system change.

difference between SD and SEM

statistical significance should be less than 5%

tf your confidence that the results are not due to chance is 95%

如果在 move 过程中遇到异常，有什么办法可以处理？

std::move 在什么情况下可以使用？

R-value references 有什么性质非常有用？

While a writer may leave a collective with their email list, do they necessarily benefit from having helped to get a going concern off the ground in the first place? Where does that slice of value sit? Do they also collect a multiple of the present value of the concern the way one might in buying a pre-existing business from another?

Akaliyski, P., Taniguchi, N., Park, J., & Gehrig, S. (2022, February 4). The COVID-19 Pandemic Inflicts Lasting Changes in Societal Values in Japan. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gx5mn

Proper note taking provides one with a permanent fount of interesting and exciting ideas to work on.

The ultimate value of newsletters is their more direct connection to a specific niche audience for which they curate news or content. The value they provide readers is as a filter of their area with some some useful analysis and perspective.

The Culture Industry: Mass Deception in Dialectic of Enlightenment

The culture industry is any industry that is producing cultural products: news, beauty, music, fashion industry has one goal: generate profit. They will produce things that are produced like a factory. They are intended to produce consumerism. In the way that sex sells, rebellion also sells. The industries that are making our culture are feeding us our news so are corporaterized. Adorno and Horkheimer would not be suprised about YouTube. That cultural adversary may be dialectical.

Academia. You know more about less and less.

Backdrop context: Shaky ground of liberal democracy in the beginnings of WW2,rise of social movements, rise of nationalism and facism.

Englightment: Reason & Individual liberty Bacon: a larger system that synthesized knowledge and power as one; a flipping of nature over man and man over nature; but A/H thought that this played out in a human global scale.

If Enlightenment was supposed to create logic and reason why did we experience WW2, for A/H if we're to take Bacon seriously we have to consider DOMINATION in newer notions of freedom.

Regression: Enlightenment as Myth. Englightenment becomes totalitarian it ABSTRACTS. Ex. Hitler youth, a difference among others yet they become homogenous sameness among each other.

The result of the sacrifice continues that is far more reaching that MArx's alienation. --> UNFETTERED ACCEPTANCE

Adorno/H say that positivism: 1) a system of philiospgy were every assertion can be proved 2) as ideoogy where eveyrthing is true by default and questioning it goes against objective foundations.

Kant saw a short-sighted view of self-reason

IDEOLOGY of defintiion #2 the process of Englightenment is brought into analysis of the Culture Industry.

Context: AMerica is becoming global powerhouse, Soviet underwent their own Industrial Revolution, change was everywhere and revolutionary change with one large outlier thus the immediat question. Despite a global population of workers revolitng around the globe then why didnt the United States or Western Countries embrace similar post-capitalist systems seen across teh globe? And how is Soviet existing as a post-capitalist system alongside the capitalist system?

Art is being systematized, newer technology is being synthesized into one and the same narrative. The same repackaged story; subject and authority. This mimics the governance of a few over many.

A/H utilize Kant's idea of schemtaism (being how the midn communicates with objects and other structures aorund us, how to reason and cogantate; synthesize and bring Froyd into the mix, how we suppress ourselves and our desires to how we fit into society. We cognitively pick up how the world is presented to us. Viewership creates the bounds within which we can do art. A psychological realism that is difficult to break for a person who works a 9-5pm; to break it in a capitalist system is used to labor and build wealth. Art becomes the same even when it tries to stand out. There is a unifornm aethetic if you wnat to be different, the sameness and constant

Art is now abstracted a fulfilmmnet of mere numbers rather than aesthetic work and utility. Regarding art in newer creation, A/H bring up autombiles as an example, a film must have a romatic sequence that the industry now demands. This is part of Mechanical reproduction. Art will become tailored to your class relation as well. But it's not only class and poleconomy but it's not just corporate art is entirely based oof profit but rather there is a cyclcial ideology that reinforces this ideology. see

The focus isn't on marvel movies (for their thrist for profit) or to tell consumers to not consume this art but its the industry itself that reproduces the

"Thirst" is not conscious it is a result of the structure that is capitalism the culture industry modling of our desires in the first place.

It's not good enough to tell individuals to not consume said tailored art. Example anti-semitism is a result of essentialist notions of race. Largest incubators of anti-semitism stem from the bourigeoise themselves but a ruling class of people attempting to hide a ruling class domination. Here the bouregoise know the struggles of individuals and pins this to Jewish individuals.

Thus its not really just pushing Jewish people out of certain borders this marks the downfall of bouregoise property.

Look up: > Cultural education became....

The whole world is made to pass through the filter of the culture industry...

Culture is a paradoxical commodity. It is so completely subject to the law of exchange that it is no longer exchanged; it is so blindly equated with use that it can no longer be used. For this reason it merges with the adver­tisement. The more meaningless the latter appears under monopoly, the more omnipotent culture becomes. (pg 131).

Unending sameness also governs the relationship to the past. What is new in the phase of mass culture compared to that of late liberalism is the exclusion of the new.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/r-squared.asp

R² values.

Here the writer is stating that the remake of the movie was "flimsy." This is a claim of value because the writer is stating that the movie is bad.

Modern digital zettelkasten don't force the same sort of digital internal branching process that is described by Niklas Luhmann. Internal branching in these contexts is wholly reliant on the user to create it.

Many digital systems will create a concrete identifier to fix the idea within the system, but this runs the risk of ending up with a useless scrap heap.

Some modern systems provide the ability for one to add taxonomies like subject headings in a commonplace book tradition, which adds some level of linking. But if we take the fact that well interlinked cards are the most valuable in such a system then creating several links upfront may be a bit more work, but it provides more value in the long run.

Upfront links also don't require quite as much work at the card's initial creation as the creator already has the broader context of the idea. Creating links at a future date requires the reloading into their working memory of the card's idea and broader context.

Of course there may also be side benefits (including to memory) brought by the spaced repetition of the card's ideas as well as potential new contexts gained in the interim which may help add previously unconsidered links.

It can certainly be possible that at some level of linking, there is a law of diminishing returns the decreases the value of a card and its idea.

One of the benefits of physical card systems like Luhmann's is that the user is forced to add the card somewhere, thus making the first link of the idea into the system. Luhmann's system in particular creates a parent/sibling relation to other cards or starts a brand new branch.

There's an interesting analogy between Niklas Luhmann's zettelkasten numbering system and the early street address system in Vienna. Just as people (often) have a fixed address, they're able to leave it temporarily and mix with other people before going back home every night. The same is true with his index cards. Without the ability to remove cards and remix them in various orders, the system has far less complexity and simultaneously far less value.

Link to reference of street addressing systems of Vienna quoted by Markus Krajewski in (chapter 3 of) Paper Machines.

Both the stability and the occasional complexity of the system give it tremendous value.

How is this linked to the idea that some of the most interesting things within systems happen at the edges of the system which have the most complexity? Cards that sit idly have less value for their stability while cards at the edges that move around the most and interact with other cards and ideas provide the most value.

Graph this out on a multi-axis drawing. Is the relationship linear, non-linear, exponential? What is the relationship of this movement to the links between cards? Is it essentially the same (particularly in digital settings) as movement?

Are links (and the active creation thereof) between cards the equivalent of communication?

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 14). RT @AlastairGrant4: R-value for Omicron across England is currently 5.5 (C.I 4.7-6.4) Doubling time 2.04 days (CI 1.87—2.23) 22% of TaqPa… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1470954045242494983

People being told they don't matter and don't have intrinsic worth is a hallmark of colonialism. It's also been an ethical issue in the study of anthropology for the past 150 years.

Anthropologist Tim Ingold in Anthropology: Why It Matters touches on some of this issue of comparing one group of people with another rather than looking at and appreciating the value of each separately.

Rezoning is a key leakage of value from the commons to the private sector. This needs to be addressed in creative ways so that the commons can flourish. Rezoning can be viewed as a form of predatory capitalism, a form of theft from the commons by the private sector. Land owners who reap the benefits don't even think they are committing this theft because it is such normative behavior!

This is based on the fundamental misconception of the value that the commons adds to society.

Finally

online education had a negative effect on the quality of teaching.

the value of online learning versus F2F