The cycle thermal efficiency (net power/heat input) for a supercritical vaporgenerator will exceed that for a subcritical cycle.

A possible advantage to using the recuperative preheaters is that they reducethe heat load on the condenser and cooling tower. The lower capital cost for asmaller condenser and cooling tower must be compared to the extra cost for therecuperators; over the long haul, the resulting higher efficiency should meanlower operating cost

The features that distinguish the Kalinacycles (there are several versions) from other binary cycles are as follows

Given thesmall size of turbines using organic working fluids, practical considerations maylead to an alternative design using two separate turbines; see Figure 8.13.

Dual-pressure binary plant: pressure-enthalpy process diagram

Dual-pressure binary plant: Simplified schematic flow diagram

The Carnot efficiency is the highest possible efficiency

Supercritical cycles were found to have the lowest cost at allresources

Because the geothermal fluid leaves the heat exchanger at 196F in the mixture cycle, it could be used in heat exchange with a second working fluid mixture to obtainadditional work. Thus, a cascade system of two or more binary cycles could be developed to increase thework obtainable per pound of geothermal fluid passing through the geothermal power plant.

Predictions of enthalpies, entropies, densities, dew points,bubble points, and vapor-liquid equilibria for the workingfluids were made using accurate correlation

a situation which should minimize irreversibilities in the condenser

The fact that the mixtureand the isobutane leave the turbine with 138 F and 167 Fsuper-

The geothermalfluid is considered to have the properties of supercooled liquidwater

On the other hand, an essentially infinitespectrum of property behavior characteristics exists for mixtures and thus a mixture can in principle befound which matches the resource characteristics better than virtually any possible pure-fluid choice

(a) Higher pressures can beused in the cycle, which increases the net cycle thermalefficienc

the working fluid in the power production cycle (e.g.Rankine-type cycle) receives energy by heat transfer with the geothermal fluid

The Young Natib volcanics are generallyexposed on the eastern portion of the area.This unit is composed of weakly consolidatedpyroclastic deposits and several small domessuch as Mts. Natib, Tiawir, Tirac and Tala,which are of hornblende andesitic compo-sition.

Fault is a fracture or crack where two rock blocks slide past one to another.

When magma comes near the earth's surface, it heats ground water trapped in porous rock or water running along fractured rock surfaces and faults. Hydrothermal features have two common ingredients: water (hydro) and heat (thermal).

Several structural featuressuggesting active volcanismthrough geologic time werefound to exist in the area. Themost conspicuous structuralfeature identified is the Natibcaldera structure which isestimated to have an area of38krn 2 (Figure 7).

Table 4 shows the best guess value and the probabilitydistribution used in the stored heat and reserve estimate calculation. The simulation shows that Mt. Natibcan adequately supply the steam requirements of 10 to 15 MW. power plant for at least 20 years, a veryconservative estimate (Figure 20).

It is possible that a convectivesystem may exist within the 20 km 2 area delineated by the YES measurements but outside the drilled areaor beyond the drilled depth

Alteration mineralogy suggests a cooling system and limiteddownward percolation of meteoric water through faults (PNOC-EDC, 1990).

Analyses of thermal waterreveals that they are of thesecondary neutral to slightlyalkaline S04- HC0 3-Cl andHCO,- CI type

Silica and Na-K-Ca geothermometry predictssubsurface temperature of 168 and 189°C, respectively. On the other hand the Chloride -Enthalpy plotsprovide a relatively higher estimate of 210°C (PNOC-EDC, 1990).

Thermal manifestations foundin the area are limited towarmlhot springs and alteredground. The thermal springsexhibited low flow rate ( 5: Ills)with neutral pH (7.5-8.0) werefound to be associated with theNW-SE and E-W faults andconfined within the calderastructure. Travertine andlimonite were noted to bedeposited around the springs

The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of geothermal power, owing to its location along the Ring of Fire zone of Pacific volcanoes.[1]

Section 3.3 indicates that the parameters most correlated to suitable geothermal sites are carbon diox-307ide, earthquake density, elevation/depth, global heat flow, sediment thickness, and surface air temperature.

. Hence, the primary influentialparameters driving the dust collection systems are the velocities of the multiphase flow,and the pressure differentials [29,30,47,48], which are dependent of the velocities. Theydepend on the properties of the transporting fluid and of the transported particles.

If a small quantity of a granular or powdered material is fed into the air in the pipeline at asteady rate, there will be an increase in the conveying-line pressure drop, if the mass flow rate of the airremains constant. The magnitude of this increase depends on the concentration of the material in theair. The increase in pressure drop, of course, will additionally depend on the size, shape, and density ofthe particles to be conveyed.

The axes are the same as those for the Geldart classification: density difference,which can be taken as particle density when the conveying medium is air, and mean particle size.

classification can be used to a limited extent to identify which materials might be capable of densephase conveying

The focus of the investigation has been on conveying velocity limits,

Carbohydrates contain sugar, starch, hydrogen and oxygen – so they make a good fuel source in the right circumstances. When flour particles have a very large surface area and when suspended in air, in the right mix,they have a large supply of yet more oxygen.

Drum or bag – a mechanism that requires replacement of the drum or bag that collects the matter.

The air to cloth ratio is the amount of air that passes through a square foot of the filter. The lower the ratio, the higher quality of the filtration system's efficiency.

Though a fan or blower may have a simple design, when installed in a dust collection system, several factors have to be considered. First of those factors is the volume of air that needs to be moved. This is measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM). The next consideration is the static pressure throughout the whole system. Other variables are the temperature, substances in the air, and the level of moisture.

Dust collection systems have ductwork to draw in the air, an air purifier, and receptable.

According to some reports, food processing is the largest category for combustible dust explosions in manufacturing, accounting for almost 25 percent of incidents.

properly sized and manifolded to maintain a consistent minimum air velocity required to keep the dust in suspension for conveyance to the collection device.

Dust collection systems work on the basic formula of capture, convey and collect.

It can be as simple as a basic pass-through filter, a cyclonic separator, or an impingement baffle.

The amount of thrust produced by the rocket depends on the mass flow rate through the engine, the exit velocity of the exhaust, and the pressure at the nozzle exit. All of these variables depend on the design of the nozzle.

which means that the Mach number is equal to 1.0 in the throat

Atomization is the process of converting an analyte in solid, liquid or solution form to a free gaseous atom. It is the transformation of a bulk liquid into a spray of liquid droplets in a surrounding gas or vacuum.

transmits energy to another part of the machine performing the work

fraction thereof

physical or chemical property of a material

May lead to physical harm, damage to property, delay in operation or even death.

usually the result of contact of a body (or man) with a source of energy above the threshold limit of the body

hazards to which the workers are exposed

furnish his workers a place of employment free from hazardous conditions

which substantially comply with the provisions of this Standards