211 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2017
    1. e great tax farmers established hereditary rights over dozens of villages, in which they acted as virtual landlords and patrons. In addition to collecting taxes from the peasants they took care of various administrative tasks, mediated local disputes, and lent money on a large scale. Large stocks of food came into their possession as tax payments, giving them a highly profitable control over the grain supply to the city.
  2. May 2016
    1. p. 6 On knowledge fetishisation. Note he is writing in the period 1995-2000, before it became absolutely clear that this was vanishing and that it would become a fetish:

      One purpose [for acquiring information[ is simply possession and the satisfaction it gives; witness the pride some people take in their phenomenal memory for trivia, their extensive libraries, their collections of compact disks, maps, or computer programs. Possessing information also confers prestige. Erudition and especially initiation into the esoteric knowledge of a small sect or secret society--Freemasons, cosmologists, and the like--have conferred prestige and awed the ignorant throughout history.

  3. Apr 2016
  4. Aug 2015
  5. Jul 2015
  6. Jan 2014
    1. This sketch is complicated by the fact that there are actually three such arenas; the CLR collector is generational. Objects start off in the “short lived” heap. If they survive they eventually move to the “medium lived” heap, and if they survive there long enough, they move to the “long lived” heap. The GC runs very often on the short lived heap and very seldom on the long lived heap; the idea is that we do not want to have the expense of constantly re-checking a long-lived object to see if it is still alive. But we also want short-lived objects to be reclaimed swiftly.
    2. When a garbage collection is performed there are three phases: mark, sweep and compact. In the “mark” phase, we assume that everything in the heap is “dead”. The CLR knows what objects were “guaranteed alive” when the collection started, so those guys are marked as alive. Everything they refer to is marked as alive, and so on, until the transitive closure of live objects are all marked. In the “sweep” phase, all the dead objects are turned into holes. In the “compact” phase, the block is reorganized so that it is one contiguous block of live memory, free of holes.