The same applies to cinematic language. The way cinema communicates is the product of many different tools and techniques, from production design to narrative structure to lighting, camera movement, sound design, performance and editing. But all of these are employed to manipulate the viewer
this is interesting because i never thought of this as a illusions but it makes since nobody ever calls out the lighting or camera movements that are supposed to go with the film.
Don’t talk during the movie. That’s super annoying
I agree whenever i am watching a movie with my family i have to tell my mom to stop talking to i can understand the film.
. Mise-en-scene, narrative, cinematography, editing, sound and acting will all still matter. And our understanding of how those tools and techniques not only shape the medium, but also shape our culture will also still matter. Maybe more than ever.
I agree there is a lot into making a movie and all the tools that are incorporating into films takes ton of years to plan out we need to appreciate the hard work that directora and crew team members out into films.
That independent spirit in American cinema also created space for women and people of color to have a voice in the art form. A quick scan of the history above and you’ll notice there are not a lot of women’s names. And almost all of the men are white. But filmmakers like Shirley Clarke, Julie Dash and Allison Anders didn’t wait around for Hollywood to give them permission to make great cinema. Nor did the filmmakers of the early so-called Blaxploitation movement (though their success was eventually and sadly co-opted by white filmmakers)
this is important because back them women's rights were harder to achieve and movies started to make more space for women i think that shows more appreciations to women then just white men.
If all of that makes your head spin, you’re not alone. In short, back in 1983, 90% of all American media was controlled by more than 50 distinct companies. By 2012, that same percentage was controlled by just 5. By 2019, it was down to 4: Comcast, Disney, AT&T and National Amusements
i never knew back then the media was controlled by 50 different companies that shortened it dramatically down to just 4.
AWS (1975) cost $9 million to make (three times more than Universal budgeted) and took 159 days to shoot (three times longer the Universal had hoped), but it grossed more than $120 million in its first theatrical run. It hit Hollywood like a tidal wave.
9 million dollars to make jaws is a lot of money. but i do think they made this movie pretty fast for 159 days to create all these different types of models and some pieces had to be shot underwater is impressive.
he Exorcist (1973) broke every accepted norm of cinematography, sound design, narrative structure, editing, performance and even distribution models. And in the process broke every box office record.
The exorcist is another classic movie that i loved this is interesting to know that it broke the norm of how movies are made i thought the performances were outstanding
Whatever the reason, Warner Bros. bankrolled Bonnie and Clyde (1967), tried to bury it on release, but ultimately had to admit they had a huge hit on their hands. It was as bold, unpredictable, and transgressive (for its time) as Beatty had hoped. And audiences, especially younger audiences, loved it.
i never knew that the warner brothers tried to bury bonnie and clyde this is a classic movie not only did the younger generation love it but many people in america today still enjoy this movie.
The result was a dramatic contraction in output as studios made fewer and fewer movies with increasingly expensive, freelance talent hoping to hit the moving target of audience interest.
this is good for the public because if movies were less expensive the variety of people would increase.
, Olivia de Havilland, a young actress known for her role as Melanie in Gone with the Wind (1939), sued Warner Bros. for adding six months to her contract, the amount of time she had been suspended by the studio for refusing to take roles she didn’t want. She wasn’t the first Hollywood actor to sue a studio over their stifling contracts. But she was the first to win her case.
I think this is important to understand why she sued the Warner bros. being forced to take roles that you do not feel comfortable taking is a good reason to sue. ANd the fact that she actually won her case is surprising because huseg companies back then would make negotiations if they were going to ger sued.
Despite all of the restrictions imposed by vertical integration, central producers, and talent contracts, the house style of a given studio meant that all of their resources went into making the very best version of certain kind of film.
I never knew the first best film was frankenstein i really like this because i love to watch horror movies.
By owning and controlling every aspect of the business, production, distribution and exhibition, those companies could minimize risk and maximize profit by monopolizing the screens in local theaters
i can relate this a lot to society today how big businesses use their profit for monopolizing.
Warner Bros. was a family-owned studio run by five brothers and smaller than some of the other larger companies like Universal and MGM. But one of those brothers, Sam, had a vision. Or rather, an ear. Up to that point, cinema was still a silent medium. But Sam was convinced that sound, and more specifically, sound that was synchronized to the image, was the future. And almost everyone thought he was crazy.
this is crazy to me that people thought adding sound to films was not importants i think adding sound to films allows the watcher to get more indigh tinopt the charaters
Eisenstein, his friend and colleague, applied Kuleshov’s theories to his own cinematic creations, including the concept of montage: a collage of moving images designed to create an emotional effect rather than a logical narrative sequence.
this is interesting because now they have added emotional effects so they the viewers can feel what is going on throughout the film.
His most famous film, A Trip to the Moon, produced in 1902, transported audiences to surface of the moon on a rocket ship and sometimes even included hand-tinted images to approximate color cinematography.
this is interesting to see how they took a 5 second film to recreating actors on the moon this shows me how much films have evolved in this short time period.
One of the first films they produced was a 5 second “scene” of a man sneezing.
this is one of the first films created at i think it is funny that is is just a man sneezing and it was only 5 second long i was hoping for the first firm to be at least 10 minutes
Muybridge pocketed the $25,000 and became famous for the invention of series photography, a critical first step toward motion pictures.
This is interesting that the first motion picture was on a horse. Maybridge received a lot of money for this.
"not all voices are being heard in academia"
I knew this was a current problem, however I realize how big of an issue this actually is. This makes me makes me grateful for the ability to have access to certain academia.
General overview of what we will be discussing involving academic privilege. Briefly talking about digital divide, information available, and profits by industry
My hope is that someday more academic information will be freely available. Until then - we should all be part of this fight.
As much as I hope for this to happen one day, we will most likely not see this happen as systematically it has been set up that way.
Students, even those in high school, enjoy information privileges that aren't afforded to the general public.
The graphic depicts the amount of readily available information for a student to use, while also showing the disadvantage that the public is also at.
where n = 3, 4, 5, 6. As a result, these lines are known as the Balmer series. The Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg (1854–1919) subsequently restated and expanded Balmer’s result in the Rydberg equation: 1λ=RH(1n2l−1n2h)(2.1.2.2)(2.1.2.2)1λ=RH(1nl2−1nh2) \dfrac{1}{\lambda }=R_H\; \left ( \dfrac{1}{n_l^{2}}-\dfrac{1}{n_h^{2}} \right ) \label{6.3.2} ,
In this equation use ni for nh, and nf for nl
A list of privileges that was provided to students by the high school or college
I have a personal computer and/or smartphone with a data plan and internet access.
A privilege that has became so common. Even with a good amount of people still behind, schools are always pushing more towards the technological sides. For instance most elementary classes I hear about are filled with chromebooks.
My professors encourage academic freedom.
As professors take on the path to continue their academic freedom, they only want to see you explore what intrigues you like, something that once intrigued them.
I could get to a public library in my hometown.
If needed, the public library from my hometown was available to anybody, and has technology you could use, along with study rooms.
Shows the amount of people who are living a life separated digitally from the rest along with some technologies to watch out for.
While 80% of people in advanced economies have access
I honestly expected this number to be a bit higher, just because of the internet's major dominance. It also makes me wonder if part of this percentage is by choice.
4 billion people live without internet
With mostly everything being circulated on the internet, I just think is crazy that this amount of people live in a world fully out of the loop on a large amount of things.
Puts into perspective the numbers some of the companies are producing
potentially renewable resources
I wish this term was more broadly used
Because recycling cannot keep up with the increasing demands for metals
Not to mention that recycling is considered economically inefficient, so it is not performed at the rate that people may expect.
unfortunately inconceivable in the current political climate
So what can be done about that?
‘we do not inherit the Earth from our parents, we borrow it from our children’
I wish more people had mindsets like this one.
flow of financial capital, and the facilitation of commerce, including the knowledge, skills, competences and other attributes embodied in individuals that are relevant to economic activity
I'm curious to learn more about sustainability-related economics. From what I'm seeing, there's no way for us to maintain such a high level of global economic growth while still being sustainable. Should the economy keep growing?
Per capita emissions of carbon dioxide between the United States and Switzerland
It's actually quite uplifting to see the decrease in carbon emissions in the later years. I'm curious to what the graph would look like if extended to 2025. I looked it up and per capita carbon emissions are decreasing in many countries but not in China or India and are increasing (very slightly) in the world as a whole.
One of the most notable ways Zurich is leading global sustainability efforts is their dedication to keeping their carbon dioxide emissions low
I'd love to know more about the ways in which they are doing this. Love Zurich.
The level of awareness regarding the health and environmental impacts of inadequate waste disposal remains rather poor
I am really hoping that we are able to improve environmental (and science in general) communication at a level that resonates with the public and is accessible to the poor and to those in developing countries.
countries generally failed to stabilize their greenhouse gas emissions at 1990 levels by 2000 as required by the Climate Change convention
If only there were consequences in place for this
The first comprehensive global assessment of biodiversity put the total number of species at close to 14 million and found that between 1% and 11% of the world’s species may be threatened by extinction every decade
I wonder how this research is impacted by the fact that there are many undefined groups (invertebrates especially) as projects involving those often aren't well-funded.
aquaculture which is a known source of water pollution, wetland loss and mangrove swamp destruction
I actually didn't know much about the negative impacts of aquaculture, and I took an aquaculture class in high school! I am curious about how this compares with the impacts of fisheries.
where crop production is seriously reduced
I wish that more communication about the environment focuses on things like this. A lot of people disregard the importance of environmental issues because they don't think it applies to them.
Deforestation remains a main issue
There have been some recent changes in legislature in Brazil regarding deforestation that have been concerning me. Lula has been doing a mostly good job, but people are trying to undo the work that he has done.
As a country, the immediate benefit from the continued use of fossil fuels is seen as a positive component (because of economic growth). All countries, however, will share the negative long-term effects.
This I agree with. Unlimited economic growth is not sustainable in a world of limited resources.
In a society that believes in the freedom of the commons, freedom brings ruin to all because each person acts selfishly
This is an interesting point, though is it fair to place the blame on the "commons" rather than the ones in power? Something feels off about the idea of the tragedy of the commons, but I'm not sure I can accurately articulate it right now.
In fact, the skill of speaking is so important that it has been formally taught for thousands of years
Public speaking = historical skill
many of us do not like or want to give speeches.
Common fear of public speaking
Gage had lost a lot of blood, and the next days that followed were quite difficult. The wound became infected, and Phineas was anemic and remained semi-comatose for more than two weeks. He also developed a fungal infection in the exposed brain that needed to be surgically removed. His condition slowly improved after doses of calomel and beaver oil. By mid-November he was already walking around the city.
It is an absolute miracle that he is alive! This makes me question what factors played a role in his survival? As well as, how was he able to walk, talk and make decisions after completely damaging his left frontal cortex? From what I have learned, the left frontal cortex controls your speech, planning, decision making, control of your actions, and the movement of the right side of your body. So what made his personality and impulse control the only thing to be changed? As the article says, his memory, cognition and strength has not been altered.
It encompasses the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits. It also encompasses cognition (thinking) and human behavior.
To me, this goes to show the importance of all of the pieces that add to the puzzle of Neuroscience and studying both the structure and the functions of the brain. It is truly fascinating how many different processes and functions that have to happen to execute our daily activities and thoughts.
free will is an illusion that arises from our awareness of our mental processes as we make choices based on our selection of various behavioral options that we see open to us, but what we often fail to realize is that those choices are determined by many factors beyond our awareness and control
This thought is very interesting to me and I feel like it truly makes sense. For example, when choosing a career, it seems like I could pick anything I want. But in reality, my choice is influenced by things like the jobs my parents have, my past experiences, my strengths and weaknesses, and even how my brain processes work. All of these factors together lead me toward choosing a certain type of job rather than others. This belief also can play a role in things as simple as what food you choose to eat.
Instead human behavior is caused by events external to us such as our upbringing, our social and cultural environment, by our brain structure and functioning, and by our genes and our evolution as a species.
To me, this sounds like nature and nurture. Where how we have been raised, what has happened to us, and who we surround ourselves with, along with our genetic makeup and brain structure make up our behaviors.
Biopsychology is also referred to as biological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, physiological psychology, neuropsychology, and psychobiology.
I am surprised to see how many different names there are for one branch of psychology!
Figure 1.2.31.2.3\PageIndex{3}: The wild lupine Lupinus perennis is the host plant for the Karner blue butterfly.
I have many of these in my backyard. They bring in lots of butterflies and birds.
Within the discipline of ecology, researchers work at four specific levels, sometimes discretely and sometimes with overlap: organism, population, community, and ecosystem (Figure 1.2.11.2.1\PageIndex{1})
How are the organism, population, community, and ecosystem levels connected in ecology?
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. This type of reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist such as a biologist makes observations and records them. These data can be qualitative or quantitative, and the raw data can be supplemented with drawings, pictures, photos, or videos. From many observations, the scientist can infer conclusions (inductions) based on evidence. Inductive reasoning involves formulating generalizations inferred from careful observation and the analysis of a large amount of data. Brain studies provide an example. In this type of research, many live brains are observed while people are doing a specific activity, such as viewing images of food. The part of the brain that “lights up” during this activity is then predicted to be the part controlling the response to the selected stimulus, in this case, images of food. The “lighting up” of the various areas of the brain is caused by excess absorption of radioactive sugar derivatives by active areas of the brain. The resultant increase in radioactivity is observed by a scanner. Then, researchers can stimulate that part of the brain to see if similar responses result.
Deductive and inductive reasoning are two types of logical reasoning that I admire a lot. I'm taking a Logic course that uses these two types of reasoning to categorize how arguments are structured. They affect the order in which the premises of an argument are given.
Some individuals may perceive applied science as “useful” and basic science as “useless.” A question these people might pose to a scientist advocating knowledge acquisition would be, “What for?” A careful look at the history of science, however, reveals that basic knowledge has resulted in many remarkable applications of great value. Many scientists think that a basic understanding of science is necessary before an application is developed; therefore, applied science relies on the results generated through basic science. Other scientists think that it is time to move on from basic science and instead find solutions to actual problems. Both approaches are valid. It is true that there are problems that demand immediate attention; however, few solutions would be found without the help of the wide knowledge foundation generated through basic science.
This was very interesting to me because I had two teachers in high school that had very different opinions on applied science and basic so it is interesting to see this topic being brought up again.
Effect of Change in Pressure on Equilibrium
Review
generate new units
tạo ra đơn vị mới
fractions
phân số
To express a quantity
để biểu thị 1 đại lượng
fundamental units
các đơn vị cơ bản
various quantities
số lượng khác nhau
Make new units by combining numerical prefixes with units
Tạo các đơn vị mới bằng cách kết hợp các tiền tố số với các đơn vị
65.080 kg
cái này khác với câu "d" ở trên là vì cái này cò dấu "." là dấu thập phân, mà thập phân thì giữ luôn số 0
Lattice Enthalpy
Periodic Trends:
Higher charge → larger lattice energy (Al2O3 > MgCl2 > NaCl)
Smaller ions → larger lattice energy
See Table 12.3.1 for examples (NaF, NaCl, MgCl2, Al2O3)
Lattice Energy
Coulomb's Law Lattice Energy Equation
he chapters on “Informative Speaking” and “Persuasive Speaking” can help readers understand how to write presentations that enhance their leadership skills.
thats crazy
Developing the skill to give these types of speeches can help us to fulfill essential roles in our family and communit
Interesting
employers as a critical employability skill for job seekers
quite important role in j*bs, very practical then
“Intellectual and practical skills”
Interesting that is considered a core skill
Supercritical Fluids
Above critical T & P: gas & liquid indistinguishable.
High T > KE dominates (gas-like), high P > density rises (liquid-like).
Critical point = phase boundary disappears; forms supercritical fluid.
Practical: carbon capture, deep-sea volcanic fluids.
Boiling Point and Hydrogen Bonds
Consider IMF + molecular mass + H-bonds.
Ex: H2O BP > HF due to more hydrogen bonds despite lighter mass.
Group 4 hydrides: BP increases down the group due to mass + polarizability.
Small ΔHvap,AΔHvap,A\Delta H_{vap,A} and high T favor large Vapor Pressures because the fraction e−ΔHvap,ARTe−ΔHvap,ARTe^{-\frac{\Delta H_{vap,A}}{RT}} approaches 1. Large ΔHvap,AΔHvap,A\Delta H_{vap,A} and low T favor low Vapor Pressures because the fraction e−ΔHvap,ARTe−ΔHvap,ARTe^{-\frac{\Delta H_{vap,A}}{RT}} approaches 0.
Key Hvap rules
enthalpy of vaporization
High ΔHvap > molecules prefer liquid > lower VP.
Always positive; used in Clausius-Clapeyron.
Vaporization and Condensation
vaporization = energy IN, Condensation = energy OUT.
Vapor vs Gas: vapor implies coexistence w/ liquid or solid
Introduction
Know definitions + connections between IMFs & liquid behavior.
deshielded proton
When a highly electronegative atom (like N, O, or F) bonds with a hydrogen atom, it pulls electron density away from hydrogen, creating a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom. This 'deshields' the hydrogen's proton, making it more attractive to lone pairs of electrons on other electronegative atoms, thus facilitating hydrogen bonding.
Requirements for Hydrogen Bonding
Requirements for Hydro-Bonding
A good topic not only covers what an assignment will be about, but it also fits the assignment’s purpose and its audience.
how do I know I am choosing a good topic?
Factors that Influence Polarizability
Polarizability Factors
equation
dipole-dipole potential energy equation
Equation
Ion Dipole Potential Equation
Hydration Energy
Hydration Energy Trends for Cations
αα\alpha means "proportional to" (the proportionality constant depends on the medium) rrr is the distance of separation. qqq is the charge of the ion ( only the magnitude of the charge is shown here.) kkk is the proportionality constant (Coulomb's constant). μμ\mu is the permanent dipole moment of the polar molecule (sections 8.7.4.2 and 8.8). From section 8.7 and 8.8 we treat define the dipole moment by the following equation
Basic variable explanation
Believe it or not, metals form simple crystal structures that we may not see on the macroscopic level.
I previously believed that metallic bonds from solids that had a "sea of electrons" that flowed amongst fixed nuclei. Confused as to how they for crystal structures.
应给婴儿喂养由美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 监管的强化铁的商业婴儿配方奶粉（即标有“含铁”），该配方奶粉基于确保营养成分和安全性的标准。婴儿配方奶粉旨在满足婴儿的营养需求，12 个月以上婴儿不再需要。务必采取预防措施，确保挤出的母乳和冲调好的婴儿配方奶粉得到安全处理和储存。[9]
早产儿，儿科医生为什么还需要放铁在配方奶里面？早产儿是饮配方奶的
Dipole-Dipole interactions occur between polar molecules. Polar covalent bonds occur between atoms of different electronegativity, where the more electronegative atom attracts the electrons more than the electropositive atom. This results in a molecule where the center of positive charge (defined by the nuclei) does not coincide with the center of negative charge (defined by the electron orbitals).
Explanation for dipole-dipole interactions and the formation of polar molecules due to differences in electronegativity.
不相同，但出生体重过低会对儿童发育产生负面影响。低出生体重 (LBW) 是指出生体重低于 2,500 克或 5 磅 8 盎司，无论胎龄如何。极低出生体重 (VLBW) 是指低于 1,500 克或 3 磅 5 盎司，
Bold
A foe in the hall-building: this horrible stranger Was Grendel entitled, the march-stepper famous Who dwelt in the moor-fens, the marsh and the fastness; T
Use of irony here
So blessed with abundance, brimming with joyance, The warriors abided, till a certain one gan to Dog them with deeds of direfullest malice,
How would dog be used a verb here? What could it mean?
A numerous band. It burned in his spirit To urge his folk to found a great building, A mead-hall grander than men of the era Ever had heard of, and in it to share With young and old all of the blessings The Lord had allowed him, save life and retainers.
Why did he want to build this building, what inspired him to do so?
Great-minded Healfdene; the Danes in his lifetime He graciously governed, grim-mooded, agèd. Four bairns of his body born in succession Woke in the world, war-troopers’ leader Heorogar, Hrothgar, and Halga the good;
He had three kids during his rule, Healfdene became older and bitter.
In the boroughs then Beowulf, bairn of the Scyldings, Belovèd land-prince, for long-lasting season Was famed mid the folk (his father departed, The prince from his dwelling), till afterward sprang
Beowulf was loved by many for a long time.
Till all his neighbors o’er sea were compelled to Bow to his bidding and bring him their tribute: An excellent atheling! After was borne him A son and heir, young in his dwelling, Whom God-Father sent to solace the people. He had marked the misery malice had caused them, That reaved of their rulers they wretched had erstwhile Long been afflicted. The Lord, in requital, Wielder of Glory, with world-honor blessed him. Famed was Beowulf, far spread the glory
The birth of Beowulf, the main character.
Most college graduates later look back on their college years as one of the best times in their lives.
True
To do well in college, you basically have to give up everything else in life for a while.
False
If you sit back, wait patiently, and stick it out long enough, success in college will inevitably come to you.
False
Attitude is one of the most important factors affecting college success.
True
Life in college usually differs in many ways from one’s previous life in high school or in the workforce. What are the biggest changes you are experiencing now or anticipate experiencing this term?
The campus is so much bigger and I don't know everyone like I did in high school.
What do you value that will you likely have less time or money to spend on while in college?
Seeing my family and friends and spending time with them.
What do you value that will be richer in your future life because you will have a college education
I think learning will be richer in the future because I will learn how to appreciate and love learning.
Which of the following are benefits of a college education?
5
Participating in clubs, organized activities
2
Going to parties
0
Talking on the telephone, texting, e-mail
2
Going to religious services
0
Attending classes
5
Cleaning house
4
Volunteering your time for a good cause
2
Setting your own schedule
3
Engaging in your hobbies
4
Having a positive romantic relationship
3
Being your own boss
2
Exercising, being physically active
3
Eating nice meals out
1
Going to movies or entertainments
1
Meeting new people
2
Looking good, personal hygiene
3
Working your job
4
Getting out in nature
1
Enjoying time alone
3
Watching television
1
Having nice clothing
1
Studying and reading textbooks
3
Being liked by others
0
Shopping
1
Traveling to new places
3
Reading a good book
1
Sleeping
5
Online social networking
1
Cooking
3
Playing computer or video games
0
Hanging out with friends
4
Playing sports
1
Staying current with the news
3
Having intelligent conversations
4
Having a nice car
1
Learning new things about your interests
2
Having good friends
3
T
F
F
T
Time management, more homework, but as well as more time to turn in assignments, not being able to turn them in late and having to attend class if not you can be dropped right away.
I think going to the gym because I have work as well as having to do my homework, which I have to worry about.
Having a good income, and doing the career of my dreams
5
5
hanging out with my family
0
1
2
5
5
0
2
5
5
5
3
5
5
2
3
0
5
5
3
3
1
3
3
0
5
5
1
5
0
2
1
0
0
0
2
2
5
0
5
Yes, I am confident I can overcome any possible difficulties.
Doing the work in time
I would need to take up to 6 courses per term to finish college in my planned period
I plan to be in college for 2-4 years
________________________________________________________
Yes, I am confident I will be able to overcome any possible difficulties in completing college.
I think the most difficult part of completing college would be time management and self-discipline.
________________________________________________________
I will have to do about five courses per semester.
________________________________________________________
I plan to be in college for about eight years.
colloquialisms
a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.
Technical writers must use words that demonstrate valid appeals to reason, avoiding emotional words and phrases that appeal to basic emotion instead of justifiable reasoning
non-personal unbiased