• Functional group allows us to categorized vast compound on based of their properties and predict their characteristics. Properties that affect Chemical reactions
• Steric : based on spital (space occupying) 3D arrangements. Affect one step reactions Electro Stastic : based on charge distribution. Affect 2 step reactions

Space occuping

The number of leading entries is the rank of the matrix. So this is also the number of nozero rows in the row-echelon form, right?

Why is this remarkable? We just saw that when there are free variables all solutions can found by selecting any values for the free variables we want and then calculating the remaining variables(s). That is a linear combination, no?

aromatic hydrocarbons, ex: Benzene ring

Separate the \lm\ket from the l=0,1,2...

Cinematography is capturing the unique visual technique used by the cinematographer, which captures the impactful visual techniques such as the small things that contribute to the overall storytelling of the film. Such as the camera movements, lightning, framing, or shot compositions. It helps the overall vision that the director is striking for.

Mise-en-Scéne is the overall visual elements and arrangements that contribute to the overall film scene. It includes arrangements such as decorations, lighting and camera arrangements, costumes, makeup, etc. It is what makes up the overall significance and contribution of the film and helps give the specific look, vibe that the director is going for.

Whereas explicit is the obvious that the movie, film, painting, etc., directly shows you through through their visuals, or actions, implicit is the opposite, it instead is hidden and may have a deeper meaning or message to convey to the audience.

Cinematic language is like the "language" of movies. It's the way the movies talk to us (audience) by using different visuals. They use cinematic language in order to convey meaning to their films.

Cinema is actually a motion of a couple images together that move fast, which is considered "the illusion of movement". All we see is one continuous movement when in reality, it's photographs flashing quick that trick our eyes to just see one movement.

deeply think about something

$$\Delta E = hf$$

These units should be mol/L according to the dimensional analysis

3

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2

3

3

2

3

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3

Problemas sobre el racionalismo: Podemos considerar que las escuelas que no pertenecen a la maxima casa de estudios asi como al IPN, su sistema es deficiente. En realidad, cada sistema como lo es conalep y bachilleres manejan diferentes sistemas de acuerdo a las necesidades de los alumnos ademas que dentro de las mismas sucursales de las esuclas varea la dinamica de enseñanza.

different type of antidepressant

anti-depressant

Factors contributing to drug misuse and abuse include genetic susceptibility, environmental influences such as peer pressure, and psychological factors like mental health issues. These factors often interact and may be compounded by early exposure, socioeconomic disadvantages, and the availability of drugs. Prevention and treatment should address this multifaceted interplay to mitigate drug misuse and addiction.

Commonly Abused Drugs:

Alcohol: Euphoria, liver damage, addiction. Tobacco/Nicotine: Relaxation, addiction, health risks. Prescription Medications: Varied effects. Cannabis: Euphoria, memory issues, mental health risks. Cocaine: Euphoria, heart problems, addiction.

Alcohol Tobacco/Nicotine Prescription Medications Illicit Drugs

withdraw

Drugs of Abuse: Neurotransmitter Effects: Stimulants: Boost dopamine. Depressants: Enhance GABA. Opioids: Bind to opioid receptors. Hallucinogens: Disrupt serotonin. Abuse Potential: Stimulants: High. Depressants: Moderate to high. Opioids: High. Hallucinogens: Lower.

Addiction's Neural Mechanisms: Dopamine and endorphins are neurotransmitters that cause addiction by providing pleasure and reinforcement. Key brain structures include the mesolimbic pathway, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Addiction vulnerability is influenced by genetic variables that influence neurotransmitter function and drug metabolism.

Substance Use Disorder (Addiction): Compulsion, loss of control, and yearning are all symptoms of compulsive usage. Emotions include mood swings, anxiety, and anhedonia. Decision-making and memory are impaired. Addiction is a chronic illness caused by changes in the brain's reward and control systems caused by drug use.

Two of the most rapid routes of administration

acronym ADME

definition of Pharmacokinetics

Dopamine and the Mesolimbic "Reward" Pathway: VTA, NAc, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala are important regions. Dopamine's functions include pleasure, reinforcement, and motivation. Addiction and mood disorders are potential consequences.

Pharmacodynamics: It's about how drugs affect the body by changing neurotransmitter activity, influencing neural systems and functions. Understanding this helps predict drug effects and therapeutic use.

Oral: Slower, lower abuse potential. IV/Inhalation: Faster, higher abuse potential. Other Routes: Varying characteristics.

Pharmacokinetics primarily deals with four major characteristics of drug action: Absorption: The process by which a medication enters the body. Distribution refers to how the medicine travels throughout the body. Metabolism is the process by which the body transforms the medication. Elimination: The process by which the medication is removed from the body. These processes have an impact on a drug's efficacy, longevity, and potential side effects.

recreational drug examples

real life example of how you have been prescribed psychoactive drugs before.

Agonists & Antagonists definition / how they act

psychoactive drugs

example of pharmacological treatment

Defintion of Pychopharmacology

Stimulants increase energy but can cause anxiety and addiction. Depressants: Cause relaxation, however there is a risk of dependence. Opioids: They relieve pain but have a high risk of addiction and overdose. Hallucinogens: These drugs alter perception and can result in unusual experiences. Antidepressants: Treat depression without causing euphoria or addiction. Antipsychotic medications are used to treat psychotic symptoms. Anxiolytics: Reduce anxiety, but long-term usage can lead to dependence.

Psychoactive Drug Criteria: Psychoactive medicines influence brain function and are classed according to their legal status, method of action, therapeutic usage, chemical structure, dependence potential, and other factors. Classification Techniques: Various systems categorize psychoactive drugs based on these criteria, assisting in their organization and regulation.

Neurochemical Effects: Drugs impact brain chemistry and neurotransmitters. Specific Targeting: Medications are designed to affect specific brain systems. Dosing and Side Effects: Finding the right dose range while managing side effects is vital. Individual Variability: People's responses to drugs can vary. Interactions and Ethics: Consider drug interactions and ethical considerations in treatment. Long-Term Impact: Assess potential long-term effects of medication use.

recreational drug examples

fun fact about coffee and caffeine

agonist increases levels, while antagonist decrease levels

psychoactive drugs affect neurotransmitters and how we communicate

definition of psychopharmacology

                          Short Term Goals

1. I want to start eat more healthy this week
2. I would like improve my Reading Comprehension this week
3. I would like start walking every day at least 30 minutes at day . this week
4. I want pay organize better the money so I can start save this month
5. I want do more activities outdoor with my daughter next month
6. I want to buy another phone , in 2 months
7. I want to go next year to Colombia for vacation and visit my family

8. I want to start collage Full time next year.

                          Midterm Goals
   

   1. I want to get better grades
   2. I want to dedicate more time for study
   3. I want to read more fast
   4. I want get approved my credits for this class

                     Long term Goals ,
      

      1. I want to be level College , So I can start the Pre requirements classes
      2. I Would like pass all the classes , and then go inside the Nursing program 3, I want to begin studying for an associate´s degree
      3. I would like Graduate in the nursing program with good grades
      4. I want to get a job in a hospital

                       Checkpoint Exercises
         

9. I will study more this term

10. Negative Attitude can prevent students from being successful in collage . Dont be a procrastine student . Lack of self-Confidence . Lack of motivation to study . The bad attitude . Lack of concentration

3, I think that studying with two classmates, The first classmate with a bad attitude and another classmate with a good attitude, would be super difficult and stressful, because the student with the negative attitude would try to overshadow the group all the time with negative comments, it would be difficult to handle. I think I would definitely try to get each classmate to participate, and I would try to make us be a team, but it wouldn't be easy.

1. For Juan : I think Juan should organize his time better, it is important to share time with his mother, but it is also important to attend classes, I think he should have a better structured schedule for classes, and dedicate more time to his mother, for example weekend

For Becky : I think the thesis and the project with the community, are important to find a good job, I think she should give priority to both things, and know how to divide her time for both things.

James: I think James should be clear about what the most important priority is, it is studying for his exams, it is important to go out and have fun, but the priority is studying right now.

Sachito : Studying, working and being a mother is very difficult, because Sachito definitely does not have enough time for everything. I think she should continue and know how to organize her schedule with her daughter and her classes at the university.

1. Things
2. I cant get focus all the time for study 2, I am mother and wife so I cant seat down all day just for study 3, Is a goal for me study because everything is in another language , so for me is more hard , understand and answer ,
3. The time, sometimes I feel is not enough for do all the things I have to do in the day

Technology feel right in the middle showing that people do use technology in everyday life. Even if it is for Work, school, or pleasure.

Lots of people are getting false information from online services instead of picking up a book and reading.

There are many people who don't have internet especially the older generation for one it might not fight their budget and another they don't use computers, tablets and phones that would need internet.

Artifical intelegence is leading the way of modern movements many people now relying on digital assistants and AI learnign machines in their daily life from smart home thermastat to your

Just about all cell phone services offer internet there are lots of students who use their phones for school.

There are great classes that are being offered in high school that can lead you into getting college credits.

Sometimes it is hard for people to attend college because of the cost. Some people don't have the knowledge they need to see if there are programs to help or financial aid.

Much of tye resources aree provieded to the students but maky odnt know how to properly utlize them to their full potentional

Many people still use libraries to go study at and some might even use the internet and computers to research things.

The things being taught now in days are having to learn technology. The world is now using technology for just about everything.

Is it not true that there are free resources for academic journals

Its eyeopening to see the disparity and acessability people have to the internet

Quote 1

Whiteness and American are synonymous yet Mexicans who were classified as white were often not treated as Americans in Schools. Education when when used maliciously is a tool to keep groups of people down.

There are several websites and things online that you can find information about media bias. Everyone will have an opinion,

Everyone processes information in different ways. Some people may take notes some might highlight while other people might be able to grasp things in their head.

Being able to keep up with what you research

Ribosome removes the water molecule ( dehydration).

Proteases ( Adds water ) (Hydrolysis)

Nuclphile substation is adding a nucliphile then changing is location . 2 steps/

Proteins are polymers of amino acids that fold into shapes that can have a different functions. The ribosome linked the nuclacic acids to make specific protein.

At some ph the overall charge of the protein becomes 0 net charge . That is called the isoelectric point (pI)

Buffer solution is made with +or-1 ph unit of the weak acid from the PH=PK . This allows for variations to occur and these can be motnitered. Which makes it the best resists to acid or base.

Weak acid + Strong base = weak conjugate base. That conjugated base + strong acid= weak acid.

L correspond to S , D correspond to R.

L and D for light reflection , Absolute configuration refers to the spatial arrangements of the atoms of a chiral molecule.

All natural occurring proteins consist of L . Hmmm a lot of things in the universe are counter clock wise . Very interesting.

All amino acids are chiral except for glycine, whose side chain is H.

Look up a thither functional group. These can't make permanent dipole with the molecule and retains low solidity.

They have different rate of reaction and solubility.

These contain aromatic functional groups

Aliphatic amino acids contain branched hydrocarbons. This is important lol ... Glycin is the simplest one !!!!

Amino acids are linked through the peptide bond(When this happen the H2O is kicked out to make for space for connection. The oppitste happen in hyrdolysis.

smORFs are special , I think they are made with a process that is more of a closed system compared to the regular amino acids of adding water and removing water.

They are included int in the genome that's why they are in the DNA transcription process and RNA translation process. Same location. Can environment have an effect on creation?

Produced in the same process DNA transcription and RNA translation.

When the chain is long enough and can function we can call it a protein

The carbonyl carbon-to-nitrogen bond

Nucleotides are polymers which are made out of 4 different monomeric nucleotides.

amino acids make proteins. Different amino acids attached to each other equals different function which that equals different proteins.

Depending on the R group the R group side chains can be either non polar, polar, uncharged or charged. This depends on the functional group , the ph and the pka of any ioniczable group in the side chain.

the little a you see means that it is a carbon which is between the amino acid and the amine. Holds both of them . Figure 3.1.1

Alpha amino acid implies that they are made out of carboxylic acid functional group and amine functional group.

Proteins are polymers of alpha amino acids, arranged in a linear sequence and connected together by covalent bonds.

Proteins are the most abundant molecule , it's organic . It has diverse functions which means diverse structures.

I really like this point. When people listen to facts or statistics it may be hard for them to connect to the material. However, when people listen to someone tell a story they can be sucked in and feel an emotional connection. I think especially when giving a persuasive speech, having a personal account of someone connected to the topic can help you influence your audience.

I feel like this also relates to experience I have had in theatre. When giving a speech, yes you want to stick with what you know. You should even be willing to learn and study more on your topic, when writing a speech. In theatre I was always told "no matter how good you are, someone else is better than you. And sometimes, that person might be in the audience". I feel like it is similar when giving a speech. There will most likely always be someone that knows more than you do, so make sure you are giving true facts because someone in your audience might know better.

Going along with this, it is important for you to know your strengths. People can and may believe whatever they want. But you should always be aware of what you do well. If people believe you are funny, then you should recognize your potential for humor and practice it. Knowing your strengths can give you confidence and direction for improvement in the goals you have. The more you practice and improve your strengths, the more confident you will be to deliver those strengths no matter the audience.

This is a principle I have seen and used in my life. I have done a lot of musical theatre productions and auditions. Auditions are very similar to this concept except you are only trying to present yourself and your abilities. As stated, when giving a speech or doing an audition, you want to stand out and be memorable. Once you have made yourself stand out, then you want to deliver a presentation that will have a profound influence on who receives it.

This is something that can be helpful in any situation where you are presenting information. I spent a lot of time giving lessons and to a variety of people, most of the time in their own home. Everything we did from the second we had contact with someone, we were trying to build their trust in us. We were respectful, we kept lessons short to value their time, we complimented them and their homes, we offered service, and a host of other things to make sure they knew we could be trusted. All of those things that built our credibility, helped us to be able to keep meeting with people.

This is very true from what I have seen. I have a lot of friends that own businesses and do a lot of interviewing. They always judge people by the way they can talk and present themselves. If they can not portray themselves well, they will not be able to communicate with or advocate for customers.

This is an interesting concept I have never heard laid out before. I learned how to speak Tagalog, and their language is pretty complex in the sense that they have a lot polysemic words that change depending on the way you say them(very similar to mandarin). They also can be extremely precise in what they're saying by the way they arrange their sentences. It is cool to be diving into English and our way of communicating after having learned how another group of people communicate.

This is an extremely great tool when teaching or negotiating. This shows active listening and sincere interest in their opinions, views, and concerns. I was taught this during a time in my life where I did a lot of teaching and it made a huge difference in lessons when we would ask clarifying questions.

I could see this way of illustrating our thoughts and even emotions being a terrific tool for kids with special needs. My brother learned so much from his therapy as a kid, but I never knew any of the tools they used or practiced. But I feel like this could help kids not only show what they mean when they something, but could also be a huge help in allowing kids with special needs understand what other people around them mean when they are speaking. People with autism especially need help understanding what people actually mean.

I see this a lot in my family. Our personalities are very different from one another and we each interpret things differently. What I consider funny, my sister finds offensive. What my brother finds infuriating, I find depressing. This can lead to some arguments and contention if we don't take the time to explain our viewpoint and consider each others interpretations.

Given the topology of a plane in 2D, it's not precise that polar coordinates accept multiple angles. Polar coordinates that span more than 360 degrees (2 pi) describe something else than the Cartesian plane.

For example, if I attach a rope to the origin on the plane and I rotate the rope more than once (increase theta), it will not have the same "position" than if I only limit the rotation to 360 degrees. The rope will start to roll onto itself, thus it undergoes a different topology.

Essentially, beyond 360 degrees, the angle is no longer a coordinate of the orthogonal coordinate system. One cannot achieve such a rolled up position of the rope onto itself in a Cartesian coordinate system by selecting any x,y point to position the rope. One cannot equal apples to oranges.

An equivalent topology would be to pile up multiple Cartesian coordinate spaces on top of each other to compare with polar system with angle beyond the 360 deg range.

Given that r is a polar coordinate, r cannot be negative, otherwise it would mean that the polar coordinate system would not be orthogonal, which it is.

One cannot adopt a convention that contradicts the definition of "coordinates" and the fact that for orthogonal coordinate systems each coordinate do not depend on any other coordinate, otherwise, it would mean that the coordinate system is not orthogonal.

For this reason, negative r is not a coordinate of a polar coordinate systems, since it needs pi in the angle coordinate, expressed as -r = (r, pi) and that the polar coordinate system is an orthogonal coordinate system.

Calling -r a coordinate is a travesty.

Organizational leaders must to make sure of doing the opposite of degrading work life quality.

No one should access to information system resources without permission.

General Chemistry

溶解过程是physical change

Women’s take on a “humorous” scenario seem to be far more about the immediate play out or LOOK of and incident rather than a Comprehensive absorption of it. Woman’s humor is seemingly child like.

When you laugh at your friend falling down the stairs, it is PURELY a reflection of YOU and your INHERENT shallowness. There is nothing REVEALING or funny about that. Why is it so obvious to tell when it’s a woman speaking versus when it’s a man … Women laugh at petty things like a friend falling and injuring themselves.

This specific analysis of humor reeks of female sentiment. Women laugh at things that men don’t find funny. Male and female humor is vastly different.

It’s odd and “humorous” that I could detect when the female point of view was speaking versus the male point of view…. Women's humor is often more crude and petty.

I think that if it is a long reading and if you don't enjoy reading too much breaking the text down into 30mins sessions is a good start

identifying the main point is a key point when trying to understand a reading

I think this is a good point when it comes to reading, I also think that may be why texts have bullet points and bold letters.

paragraph is important summation of the how neurons can be classified

info processing is important

glial function

where neurons carry information to and from

dendrites receive and carry messages

extensions of neurons and what they do

need glial to perform functions

what the nervous system does

neuron function

def of nervous system

ans function

sns def

automatically sends info to the brain

autonomic is more automatic while somatic is voluntary

how the PNS and CNS work together

I really like this example because I believe that for me, my schema of school and education was vastly different from most people around me. I was homeschooled my whole life and so the schema I developed towards education was a unique one. However, when I entered middle school, I took some elective classes at the public school near me which was a huge learning curve for me. I had to learn what formal teacher-student relationships were like, learning grading systems and tests, how to interact with other students, etc. I had my own learning experiences within my own home that I was expecting to find in public school and I quickly changed my perception and opinion of what formal education looked like.

I think this is something people have a hard time understanding. I really liked the TED talk video that went into detail about how we all perceive things differently. We can become so upset with someone for what they say or do without taking any consideration for what all the variables that could have played and influence on them. The way they were raised, their genetic make-up, the media they see, their education, how society has treated them, etc. These judgements that we place on these patterns can be incredibly helpful to us, but we also need to be considerate of other peoples' judgement and what could have led them to that belief or perception.

I knew this was a real thing, but I never considered it in a communication viewpoint. I can see examples of how I expect certain communications out of certain people. For example, compliments and encouragement from my mom, critique and advice from a coach, complaints out of people that typically have a negative outlook on things. I want to keep my eye open this week and see if I am expecting certain communications from the people I interact with.

I think this is especially true for youth and adolescents. I think in my life, most people that go seeking to try or learn new things are of an older age and maturity. Most children find their passions because at one point their parents forced them to try something. This was true for me and how I found my love for dance and performing. I'm not sure why we are less inclined to try new things when we are younger, but I am grateful for my forced exposure to new things.

This can be a whole range of both external and internal stimuli. For example, our pain can be blocked out when we are focused on someone or something else that we feel is more important. We can block out our hunger when we are about to give a public presentation or performance. When we truly believe that something is the most important thing at that moment, we can have almost superhuman like abilities to drown out anything that could be keeping us from that one singular thing. First responders and military would be a great example of this.

formula

seperates homogeneous mixtures

dun dun dunnnn

you can mix a lot or mix a lot with another substance and they'll still be uniform- the same

the state of the material are all the same

I agree with this. Learning about the country or culture that you are attending is super important so that you have some sort of knowledge going in, and you are not blindsided by how different things might be compared to your own culture.

I like the way they use this as a representation. If you have traveled outside of the country, I'm sure you can relate to these emotions of travel. These are emotions that everyone goes through as they experience a new culture.

Im sure most if not all of us know what the honeymoon stage and how it works. I liked how they used this word to reference cultural shock and how it plays a major part in the beginning of the journey. I think it's important to realize that before making any huge changes.

I like this statement because it states the reality of stepping out of your comfort zone. Culture shock can happen as we find ourselves in other cultures. The feeling of helplessness can be a good thing, stepping out of your comfort zone with an open mind is important.

I like this statement because this is just another reason why there are valid reasons to have an open mind and heart. This is something not many people would think about but it is important. Having an open mind in these situations can help you as you travel.

This statement is very true. Everybody has a different experience with cultural shock and the many different things that go into effect with it. Understanding cultural shock is important so that you do not have a negative experience.

I agree with this statement because I do think culture shock is mostly an emotional response. I do think depending on the situation, that there can be physical responses as well due to anxiety. I think being aware of culture shock ad understanding how it works is very important to ensuring the least amount of anxiety. This would affect our cultures in positive ways.

I agree with this statement because we always feel anxiety when being around new cultures or areas that we may be not so familiar with. I think it's important to understand that people feel this way and have some understanding when we are in those situations. This would help the people who experience culture shock feel a little more comfortable and less anxious.

will this chart be given for exam 2?

Smaller areas of water would experience larger amounts of tides. While Largar areas of water would experience smaller amounts of tides.

is Kw always going to be 10^-14? if not where does 10^-14 come from?

It is through our study of our hominin ancestors and relatives that we are exposed to a world of might have's.

Error management theory deals with the evolution of how we think, make decisions and evaluate uncertain situations. Situations where there is no clear answer how we should behave.

Evolutionary Psychology is an interactionist framework or theory that takes into account multiple factors when determining the outcome.

Evolution simply means change over time.

Each chromosome is made up of a single DNA molecule coiled around histone proteins.

Understanding evolution can give us fresh insights about our psychology and the psychology of other species .

I have never considered the value of studying communication and how it can apply to my daily life. I have always felt like I do a good job of communicating with other when I want to. I am starting to see that studying and breaking down different methods and concepts of communication can be a be a great benefit to formal and informal relationships. My brother is autistic, and as part of his therapy he went through a lot of therapies to help him understand how other people communicate, and how to communicate well with others. I knew this was an unmeasurable benefit to him, but I never thought that it could be for me as well.

I find it interesting that interpersonal communication is the least studied or researched. I don't know how much study has been done on it's behalf or how much it lacks in comparison to the other forms. I believe however, that deeper study into this form of communication could offer incredible benefits to society. If we could learn better ways to coach/teach ourselves or our children how to talk and motivate themselves better. If we knew how people with special needs communicated in their own interpersonal thoughts, perhaps we could find new insight to help them connect with the world around them. If we knew how those with mental illnesses or criminals communicated interpersonally, we may find new methods of treatments and earlier signs for prevention.

I think this plays a big factor how we choose to act in most situations. We learn to talk a certain way to babies because we know that speaking with a certain tone or volume or energy can get the best reaction out of a baby. We do this with adults as well by gauging how much attention we get from certain types of humor, topics, words and expressions we use and so forth. Which can lead people to believe they are "funny", simply because they know how to communicate around certain people in a way that will get the most amused result. This can also be to our disadvantage because we may learn to communicate in social settings in a way that we don't actually enjoy or believe is our own true character.

This was honestly very insightful to me. I have a friend who is majoring in communications, and I have always wondered what she would be able to do with that degree. It is cool to see all the different types of coaching, teaching and learning that falls under the umbrella of "communication". I think understanding the different applications that come from the study of communication can help me find more gratitude for this course.

I love this. I resonate with the "increasing one's power to serve". If we think of communication as exchanging information, then one's ability to communicate better makes them more serviceable to those with whom they are giving information to. If we think of this in terms of politics and leadership, you would want someone to represent you that has good skills in communication and listening. If we think of this in terms of a courtroom, you would want a lawyer who is confident in their ability to communicate for you and in your behalf. In almost any setting where someone is representing or serving us whether paid or unpaid, formal or informal, you would want someone who has proficient skills in being able to express themselves and their opinions.

endoctrine glands and what they consist of

explaining how neural and hormonal messages travel differently

fun fact

hippocampus and amygdala

diencephalon and how it connects to sending information

frontal lobes functions

cerebrum

the way we form different types of neurons

3 major regions of the vertebrate brain

paragraph explains how sperm cells and egg cells make a fertilized egg

nervous system explained simpler terms

functions of the nervous system

this pairing is mostly used for animals

how we view the interior of the body

Galvanometer's resistance

Multiplier resistor

The potential difference which produces a full-scale deflection

Total

A object must be moved first to have a projectile motion

Thrown object's path.