Nevertheless, these animals could still perform basic behavioral and physiological functions. Some who read these results made the incorrect assumption that this meant that animals were using only 10% of their brains. Subsequently, this interpretation was generalized to humans
animals were in fact experimented on, and somehow this assumption carried over to humans-despite there being no direct correlation between the two. I find this interesting
The frequently repeated claim that humans use only 10% of their brains is false
I never realized this was actually a myth all this time
Because all behavior is controlled by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), biopsychologists seek to understand how the brain functions in order to understand behavior and mental activities
we must better understand how the brain functions before we can fully understand the ways in which it impacts certain behaviors and characteristics in humans
With advances in research methods, more complex topics such as language, reasoning, decision making, intelligence, and consciousness are now being studied intensely by biological psychologists.
Question: Why do psychologists find language and decision-making to be important aspects to study within the field of biopsychology?
On this view, the mind is what the brain does
they are not separate
is the application of this principle to psychology and psychological processes
The application of materialism to psychology and psychological process is the most important component of biopsychology.
The entire universe is governed by physical laws. This view of the universe is called materialism or physicalism--the view that everything that exists in the universe consists of matter, energy, and other physical forces and processes.
materialism or physicalism is the view that the entire universe is governed by physical laws.
Furthermore, prominent psychologists and researchers, such as Albert Einstein, Margaret Mead, and William James, were also quoted as saying that humans are using only a small portion of their brain (Elias and Saucer, 2006), fueling the 10% myth.
using 10% of the brain is a myth
Biological psychologists are interested in measuring biological, physiological, or genetic variables
Biological psychology is concerned with these three components
Biopsychology is the study of biological mechanisms of behavior and mental processes.
Definition of Biopsychology
the localization of function. This principle means that specific psychological and behavioral processes are localized to specific regions and networks of the brain.
localization of function
The frequently repeated claim that humans use only 10% of their brains is false
false myth
Key areas of focus within the field include sensation and perception; motivated behavior (such as hunger, thirst, and sex); control of movement; learning and memory; sleep and biological rhythms; and emotion.
Key areas
What is the group number for oxygen?
The answer does not show.
Later discoveries of neuropeptides, neuromodulators, and certain gases have added to the complexity of chemical communication in the brain.
highlights the increasing complexity understood in brain chemical communication
the neuron doctrine, the hypothesis that the functional unit of the brain is the neuron, also known as a nerve cell
states that the nervous system comprises individual nerve cells called neurons
the identification of the specific structural unit responsible for these brain functions, the neuron
emphasizing the neuron's central role in the nervous system
With their high level of detail, MRI and fMRI are often used to compare the brains of healthy individuals to the brains of individuals diagnosed with psychological disorders.
understanding the brain's role in behavior and cognition
The first image of the brain by CT scan was in 1971 by Godfrey Hounsfield.
highlighting the use of imaging to locate brain tumors
In 1953, Kleitman and Aserinsky discovered Rapid Eye Movement (REM) using EEG on sleeping subjects.
foundational in modern sleep studies
In 1924, Hans Berger recorded the first human brain EEG. This machine allowed researchers to study the overall electrical activity of the brain.
significant advancement in the ability to study brain's electrical activity
In 1848, John Martyn Harlow treated Phineas Gage and documented his case. Gage, who was a railroad worker, had his frontal lobe pierced by an iron tamping rod in a blasting accident. He survived the trauma but suffered extensive damage to his left prefrontal cortex (Macmillan, 2001). Through Gage's case study, Harlow showed the connection between the prefrontal cortex damage, executive functioning, and personality changes.
Phineas Cage
Social neuroscience uses the brain and body to understand how we think and act, with a focus on how we think about and act toward other people. It is an interdisciplinary field that uses a range of neuroscience measures to understand how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior. (We will examine this branch more in depth in Cognition and Intelligence Chapter)
@JenniferHall What careers specifically could an individual pursue with an academic background on social neuroscience?
Phototrophy is the process by which organisms trap light energy (photons) and store it as chemical energy in the form of ATP and/or reducing power in NADPH. There are two major types of phototrophy
this
northern artists such as Jan van Eyck introduced powerful and influential changes, such as the perfection of oil paint and almost impossible representation of minute detail, practices that clearly distinguish Northern art from Italian art as well as art from the preceding centuries.
1
polymorphisms
alternative phenotypes
MENYIMPULKAN
Psikologi komunitas-Proses demokritasi
Parenting is bidirectional.
parents influence children and children influence parents. it goes both ways.
нейромедіатор: ендогенна хімічна речовина, яка передає сигнали від нейрона до клітини-мішені через синапс. ацетилхолін: Цей нейромедіатор діє на нервово-м'язовий стик і синтезується з оцтової кислоти та холіну. Біогенні аміни: Нейромедіатори, розподілені в мозку, де вони відіграють певну роль в емоційній поведінці та допомагають регулювати біологічний годинник. глутамат: амінокислота, яка сприяє збудливим ефектам, збільшуючи ймовірність того, що клітина-мішень вистрілить потенціал дії.
Дуже корисно і зрозуміло, але було б ще краще, аби додатково позначили рецептори до відповідних нейромедіаторів.
___________________________
como
c) political scale: _________________________ (tercer párrafo)
escala politica
_______________________________
en busca de
___________________________
Esto se había logrado después de varios siglos
This idea is explained in the figure below.
Both flasks look the same.
Since on the earth, the ggg in the equation is equal to one, weight and mass are considered equal on earth. It is important to note that although ggg is equal to one in basic equations, it actually differs throughout earth by a small fraction depending on location; gravity at the equator is less than at the poles.
g is not equal to one.
Ethos, logos, and pathos were Aristotle’s three forms of rhetorical proof, meaning they were primary to his theories of persuasion. Ethos refers to the credibility of a speaker and includes three dimensions: competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism. The two most researched dimensions of credibility are competence and trustworthiness (Stiff & Mongeau, 2003).
Coincidentally, I'm being assigned an essay in which I have to employ these techniques in English 101. Most of my annotations for this chapter tie back to being a writer. It's comforting to know that I can use the techniques I use as a writer while giving a speech.
nfortunately, charisma is difficult to intentionally develop, and some people seem to have a naturally charismatic personality, while others do not. Even though everyone can’t embody the charismatic aspect of dynamism, the other component of dynamism, energy, is something that everyone can tap into.
As someone who has grown up introverted and isolated, charisma does not come naturally to me, but I have learned to practice it and grow it within me. I wonder if people can notice someone who is naturally outspoken and charismatic, versus someone who has had to develop their sense of self-esteem and socialization.
Inductive reasoning reaches conclusions through the citation of examples and is the most frequently used form of logical reasoning (Walter, 1966). While introductory speakers are initially attracted to inductive reasoning because it seems easy, it can be difficult to employ well. Inductive reasoning, unlike deductive reasoning, doesn’t result in true or false conclusions. Instead, since conclusions are generalized based on observations or examples, conclusions are “more likely” or “less likely.” Despite the fact that this type of reasoning isn’t definitive, it can still be valid and persuasive.
I think this is the most frequently used form of logical reasoning because it's simple. I disagree with the author's point that inductive reasoning "can be difficult to employ well." It's just referencing a source through citation just like you see in this sentence. I don't think of inductive reasoning in terms of likelihood when I hear or see someone use it. I just think, "ok here's something that backs up what the speaker is saying" and make a determination as to whether or not it makes sense to me. Maybe this is because I'm reading this from the perspective of a writer rather than a speaker.
Inductive reasoning reaches conclusions through the citation of examples and is the most frequently used form of logical reasoning (Walter, 1966).
I am also learning this in the statistics section of my math-123 class. Inductive reasoning starts as a general assumption, then gradually becomes more precise. I, personally, fall more into applying deductive reasoning, as I like to know the reason for a process more than understanding the process itself, also known as top-down reasoning.
Remember that speakers have ethical obligations to the audience and should take the opportunity to speak seriously.
The author said that "good persuasive speech topics are current, controversial, and have important implications for society." If you build off of those guidelines, ethics are the foundation of your argument in terms of persuasive speaking. You need to convince the audience that you have basis and/or authority to make your argument, and you need to show that you care.
The warrant is the underlying justification that connects the claim and the evidence.
I write very often, so I'm familiar with this concept, but I've never heard it referred to as the "warrant." I'd like to get more in depth with this in terms of giving a speech and making everything flow structurally.
The warrant is the underlying justification that connects the claim and the evidence.
I never really considered there's more than two points to an argument. The warrant is something I'd like to dive into, as I supposed someone could, in an argument, attack either the other sides argument or the warrant of their argument with the same steps.
Most people won’t be bored by a brief review, but many people become lost and give up listening if they can’t connect to the information right away or feel it’s over their heads.
This is why structure is important in a speech. If you just spew facts at your audience, they're not going to retain your information. One thing that I try to remember when giving speeches is that it's usually better to simplify things rather than cram words in. If you're short on time, play with your flow and add necessary descriptions to fill in the gaps.
Having sharp research skills is a fundamental part of being a good informative speaker.
I feel as though I have good research skills, as I remain unfettered by bias in my research in a large capacity. Of course, I'm not truly unbiased; everyone has their own implicit bias. I try to stay neutral and play devil's advocate, so avoiding explicit bias comes naturally to me.
even fields like science and medicine relied on argumentative reasoning instead of factual claims.
The differences from back before the 1800s is interesting to consider. How would I have fared if argumentative topics was still the main way to educate? how would the internet have affected this? maybe people would put more weight on internet arguments.
The very high pH required to remove the last acidic proton from arginine reflects the exceptionally high basicity of the guanidine moiety at the end of the side chain.
Moiety: part of a molecule - a substructure. Can include a functional group (so basically the R side chain). The amino acid side chain has a particularly high pH.
1963 by activists who had trained with the Black Panther Party and SNCC (Rojas, 2010). The organization supported the small minority of Black students at SFSC at the time and sought to increase enrollment
amazing. Local grass roots training and education which politicized them to pressure for institutional changes
1954 in the Brown v. Board of Education
the cases before ( almost 66 yrs plus) helped bolster the Brwn vs. boe case. These fights and cases functioned as precedents to this larger case and helped passed this case.
Instead, you need to adequately support your claim by finding
These are a great tips that I will use.
(2022, April 30). 7.8: Northern Europe in the 15th century- Northern Renaissance. Libretexts. https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/147798.
“It is used by art historians loosely to refer to artistic production in Flemish speaking towns—particularly Bruges, Ghent, Brussels and Tournai.”
Being cute can have important survival benefits for a baby
qt parin nmn ako
“I’ve got out at last,”
She has surrender, gave up on life
There’s sister on the stairs!
Putting the two together seem compatible.
they suddenly commit suicide
Had she once considered?
secure ancestral halls for the summer.
Right away she felt apart of the hall. A connection
Nonverbal communication helps maintain relationships once they have moved beyond the initial stages by helping us communicate emotions and seek and provide social and emotional support.
I'm a very expressive and emotive person, so whatever I'm feeling will be written on me through my eyes and body language. If I'm feeling overwhelmed by responsibilities, I kind of curl up and. My eyes get droopy and might show concern. When I'm happy to see someone, they'll know and pick up on it right away. My eyes really brighten. I also try to hold eye contact just a small bit longer around people I'm comfortable with so that they can pick up that I feel that way.
Nonverbal communication helps maintain relationships once they have moved beyond the initial stages by helping us communicate emotions and seek and provide social and emotional support.
I used to struggle with depression, and I exhibited a lot of nonverbal communication that would tell others I was depressed. Things like slumped posture, low eyes, and twiddling thumbs would often key others to my lowered sense of self. I got over my depression but some of those nonverbal cues still linger with me.
Nonverbal cues account for much of the content from which we form initial impressions, so it’s important to know that people make judgments about our identities and skills after only brief exposure. Our competence regarding and awareness of nonverbal communication can help determine how an interaction will proceed and, in fact, whether it will take place at all.
Nonverbal cues are the first thing I look for when I meet people. They determine how approachable I think a person is. For example, I'd generally feel more comfortable around someone who makes good eye contact and has open body language. If I can see someone's relatively comfortable around me, that helps me feel more comfortable around them. When someone blends good eye contact and open body language with good verbal communication and understanding, and I'll feel like I can become close to them.
As is stressed in the chapter titled “Communication and Perception”, first impressions matter.
I find that, for some people, it is easy to tell their motives and character based off of these first impressions. For example, there's the obvious messaging of if you offer to shake someone's hand and they refuse, but what if they play under the guise of not noticing it? Then things get harder to tell, but I find that sometimes the outcome of a relationship is often predicted very early on.
Promptness and the amount of time that is socially acceptable for lateness and waiting varies among individuals and contexts.
Most of my communication takes place via text or some other form of messaging. I don't really concern myself with someone's promptness too much when they're conversing with me. If I feel like I'm not going to be as prompt, I usually try to communicate that. But it's more important that I can see someone being invested in me and in conversation then how quickly they are to respond.
Eye contact serves several communicative functions ranging from regulating interaction to monitoring interaction, to conveying information, to establishing interpersonal connections.
I am terrible at eye contact. I often am unable to look at a person in the eyes for a whole conversation, but I believe its because I don't have a ton of social experience with it or because I'm distracted, not because of any discomfort. I have, however, heard that most people don't maintain eye contact in general, so its nice to know that I'm not the only one.
The involuntary nature of much nonverbal communication makes it more difficult to control or “fake.”
I think that nonverbal communication often says more than words. I'm not the best with words, so I often try to resort to more nonverbal cues, especially when I try to express things to friends and family. In my opinion, nonverbal communication is the best way to get a sense of how honest and genuine someone is. It's hard to hide your true feelings on your face. You'll probably have a look on your face as much as you try to hide it. A great example is when someone makes you blush.
As we learned earlier, we often perceive nonverbal communication to be more credible than verbal communication.
I feel as though maybe this may be inaccurate in some ways. A lot of people with autism struggle to pick up on nonverbal communication, and while the majority of the population might not struggle with these nonverbal cues, a growing part of the population will struggle with nonverbal cues and how to communicate nonverbally.
Poker players, therapists, police officers, doctors, teachers, and actors are also in professions that often require them to have more awareness of and control over their nonverbal communication.
I often struggle to convey anything other than a resting neutral face, and I've been told that I'd be an excellent poker player because I give no cues and am very monotone in my emotional expressions. I hope to work on this with my public speaking, and to learn how to shape my face so that I give off more emotions.
You’ve probably heard that more meaning is generated from nonverbal communication than from verbal. Some studies have claimed that 90 percent of our meaning is derived from nonverbal signals, but more recent and reliable findings claim that it is closer to 65 percent
I found this interesting. 90% seems a bit excessive, but I can easily believe that 65% of meaning is derived from nonverbal signals. As humans, we have such a funny balance with our communication. For example, you're in a club and your friend gives motions their head towards as door and with a flick of the eyes, hinting that they want to leave. From the perspective of evolution, it's easy to see how this can be the case. To me, I have an easier time picking up nonverbal signals from friends and family I'm close to, but I've gotten better at recognizing people's more subtle, nonverbal cues.
But if you are in a position to do so, politely ask corporate spokespeople how the tonnage they take credit for recycling fed back into their operations last year, in a specific country, and how it in turn measurably reduced virgin extraction. Be specific. Ask them where and when it led to a reduced material throughput in their company or industry. Query them on the documented, not speculative, environmental protection afforded by, say, making cheap picture frames made out of spent polystyrene packaging. Reject the notion that cheap picture frames are a social good that would have needed to be manufactured with fracked natural gas, had polystyrene recycling not yielded up secondary inputs. In the meantime, sit for a while to contemplate the fact that recycling, as it exists today, does not in fact save ecosystems in a way that matters on the whole ecologically or socially. How would recycling need to be practiced to achieve this desired end? In a different context of extraction, production, and growth – with different politics, knowledge structures, and ideologies. I realize this is an unsatisfying conclusion, but I believe in the importance of critique as a precondition to developing collaborative solutions. I have presented this information as part of a process of thinking through short-, medium- and long-term characteristics of this different context. This is an ongoing project to which I invite responses, as well as empirical contributions that would refine or refute what I have presented here.
use
Your success at work entails more than simply earning money and promotions.
The success you put into your business is the thing that makes the money and promotion come. Success is worth more than money because you get money through the success you put in anything you do within your business.
It establishes the levels of honesty, empathy, trustworthiness, and other virtues that identify your personal behavior and your public reputation.
This is very important to both consumers and business. This is because companies like to use people to show off their brand. If the person promoting the brand doesn’t have a good background people would judge the brand and not buy it. The same thing goes for businesses and their reputation as a brand.
In order to build a business relationship of trust, consumers rely on the reputation and identity a company projects.
This is true because a customer always looks for background of a business to see if the items are worth it or not. A customer will not buy an item if it’s not good let alone if it has a bad meaning behind it. But, some people wouldn’t care about reputation if the product its self if good quality.
hat is meant by the term “90% confident” when constructing a confidence interval for a mean?
We are 90% certain that the sample will fall within the confidence interval
________
100
________
7
________
23.6
Calculate the error bound.
0.27
Sketch the graph.
State the confidence interval.
3.67 < x < 4.21
Explain your choice.
Normal distribution because the sd, sample mean, and sample size is given
What will happen to the error bound obtained if 1,000 male Swedes are surveyed instead of 48? Why?
Error bound will become lesser because the higher the sample size the lower the error bound is.
Calculate the error bound.
0.792
Sketch the graph.
State the confidence interval.
70.208< x < 71.792
________
48
________
71
________
2.8
genies and lecherous sheikhs
Before 1992
Magical
*
historically stereotyped the Middle East to justify exerting
Subject by subject -> Point by point ->
Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium sporogenes
student 2
Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus
student 1
The end over the means
Masculine style: finding the solution without considering the process in regards to the people involved and it effects them; process is overlooked insuccess is results.
Feminine style: finding a solution with consideration of how that process affects the people involved; While solution is the goal, process and results is success
five senses
smell. taste, touch, sight, hearing
metaphors and similes.
compare 2 things are the same
You can think of the denotation of a word as its dictionary definition.
which means we need to explain the world.
conversation between two or more people in a movie.
like conversation between them
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the ones that are making the best grades in the course and are more engaged with the class
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ask more questions to the instructor an do more group studies
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take time to ask questions and take your notes and review them.Think about what you learned
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The smart kids because they will know the most.
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I want to improve minimizing distractions. I will put my phone somewhere else while studying.
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Look over your notes and other materials you have.
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I would try and do more study group. I would start by seeing who is doing well and then make a group no larger than four.
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students that are doing well in that course. since they are doing well they have good learning skills.
Dimensional analysis uses conversion factors to change the unit in an amount into an equivalent quantity expressed with a different unit.
How to use demensional analysis and what it tis
The "given" unit in the problem, which will be associated with a number, must be determined. In the example above, the given number is 3.55, and its unit is meters. The "desired" unit, which is the unit that the given quantity should be changed "to" or "into," must be determined. In the example above, the given quantity should be changed to centimeters. Determine which equality or equalities relate the given and desired units. In the simplest dimensional analysis problems, only a single equality is needed. However, more complex problems will require multiple equalities. This step, which can also be referred to as "unit tracking," is generally the most challenging step in the dimensional analysis process. Meters and centimeters can be related by the prefix modifier equality 100 cm=m100 cm=m { \text{100 cm}} = { \text{m}}. Use the appropriate conversion factor derived from this equality to achieve unit cancelation. Remember that the equality given above can be represented as two conversion factors: 100 cmm100 cmm \dfrac{ \text{100 cm}}{\text{m}} and m100 cmm100 cm \dfrac{ \text{m}}{\text{100 cm}} However, only one of these conversion factors will allow for the cancelation of the given unit. Specifically, the unit to be canceled must be written in the denominator of the conversion factor. This will cause the given unit, which appears in a numerator, to be divided by itself, since the same unit appears in the denominator of the conversion factor. Since any quantity that is divided by itself "cancels," orienting the conversation factor in this way results in the elimination of the undesirable unit. Therefore, since the intent of this problem is to eliminate the unit "meters," the conversion factor on the left must be used. 3.55m×100cmm3.55m×100cmm {3.55 \; \cancel{\rm{m}}} \times \dfrac{100 \; \rm{cm}}{\cancel{\rm{m}}} Why does this process work? In the example above, 100 cm equals (1) m, so equivalent quantities appear in both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction, even though those quantities are expressed in different units. Since the quantities in the numerator and denominator are equivalent, this conversion factor effectively divides a value by itself, and the entire process is equivalent to multiplying the given number by 1. Therefore, while the given quantity does not change, the unit does. Perform the calculation that remains once the units have been canceled. The given number should be multiplied by the value in each numerator and then divided by the value in each denominator. When using a calculator, each conversion factor should be entered in parentheses, or the "=" key should be used after each division. In this case, 3.55×100 cm=355 cm3.55×100 cm=355 cm {3.55} \times {\text {100 cm}} = {\text {355 cm}} Note that the unit that remains uncanceled becomes the unit on the calculated quantity. Apply the correct number of significant figures to the calculated quantity. Since the math involved in dimensional analysis is multiplication and division, the number of significant figures in each number being multiplied or divided must be counted, and the answer must be limited to the lesser count of significant figures. Remember that the equalities developed in the previous section are exact values, meaning that they are considered to have infinitely-many significant figures and will never limit the number of significant figures in a calculated answer.
how to use demensional analysis
internalized setting.
showing how a character thinks about the world puts the details in their voice w their judgment and opinions about it
The frame of reference in which the story occurs is known as setting
the main idea
A plot has several main elements: inciting incident, exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and dénouement.
There are 6 main elements
a carbon atom has a total of six electrons it's Lewis symbol has four unpaired electrons
How does a carbon atom have four unpaired electrons if it only has two of them?
sit with open posture and lean in with good eye contact in a relaxed manner
SOLER
𝑦1
missing a prime marking; it's differentiated
ACTING FOR CINEMA
Something interesting that I didn't see mentioned is that in a few action movies some stunt doubles have actually died during filming and made the final cut due to the realism of the scene (obviously).
crane shot
Over the years with new breakthroughs in film we start to see break throughs that make simple but genius techniques like this cheaper and smoother. An example of this is with the use of drones allowing this shot and the helicopter shot to be made easily and with more freedom.
Gilbey, R. (2020, August 31). Eye in the sky: how drone technology is transforming film-making. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/aug/31/how-drone-technology-is-transforming-film-making-french-drama-les-miserables
BLACK & WHITE VERSUS COLOR
I believe a book that everyone into cinematography should watch is "The Giver". This book starts in black and white but does so as part of the story. After the main character gets the knowledge of the color red, he is able to see an apple and seeing the apple in red while the rest of the world is still black and white is an incredible moment.
screen
While CGI has had amazing impact on the screen it has many severe limitations which the video shows a franchise that can show off these limitations very well. The movie that comes to mind first is the original "Jurassic Park", which shows off an incredible demonstration of movie magic with dinosaurs seemingly come to life again. However, for anyone who knows anything about dinosaurs would be able to tell you that velociraptors were significantly smaller than in the movie. While this is helpful to make the dinos more menacing it mainly was used to allow humans in costumes to make the CGI reasonably priced for production.
Because all of this happens so fast, faster than our optic nerves and synaptic responses can perceive
While this may be the point that the illusion of movement is present it also is the bare minimum and most cost effective considering the illusion may just look choppy most especially when compared to the smoothness of 30 fps which is considered by many to be the perfect film fps.
an archetype.
what is an archetype
External conflict occurs when two individuals or groups of individuals clash.
The key word External conflict mean conflict with other characters.
Internal conflict takes place within an individual
The key word Internal conflict there maybe conflicting and inconsistent thoughts
In order to encourage us to continue reading, writers must force us to react in some way to their characters, whether it is to identify, empathise, or sympathise with them
I think this make them more likely to continue reading to see how the characters' journeys unfold. This emotional connection helps to create a memorable and impactful reading experience.
∑
missing an "x" before this summation symbol
Facial expressions can help bring a speech to life when used by a speaker to communicate emotions and demonstrate enthusiasm for the speech. As with vocal variety, we tend to use facial expressions naturally and without conscious effort when engaging in day-to-day conversations. Yet I see many speakers’ expressive faces turn “deadpan” when they stand in front of an audience. Some people naturally have more expressive faces than others—think about the actor Jim Carey’s ability to contort his face as an example.
When you have an animated face, it conveys that you take interest in what you are saying, even if that may not be the case. It also makes it easier to connect with your audience. Jim Carey is a good exaggerated example of this. In a speech, it's easy to get so caught up in what you have to say. How you present yourself is just as important in getting your message across.
Emphatic gestures are the most common hand gestures we use, and they function to emphasize our verbal communication and often relate to the emotions we verbally communicate.
I'd like to do some more studying into this. I know in the military, good speeches, whether for morale or briefings, let the units know that they are confident in what they are saying and speakers accompany this with their body language. Doing so leads a higher mission success rate and boosts morale. However, overusing it can make you look like a clown.
Some people naturally speak faster than others, which is fine, but we can all alter our rate of speaking with practice. If you find that you are a naturally fast speaker, make sure that you do not “speed talk” through your speech when practicing it.
This is something I struggle with. I notice myself speaking too fast and running out of air, so it's something I'd wanna work on. One thing that I think could help is having an outline that lays out places to pause and reflect for a few seconds. If you think you're speaking too fast and running out of air, find a good pausing spot, and tell yourself to focus more on breathing. That will naturally slow you down.
a flat or monotone vocal delivery can be sedating or even annoying.
This is something I will STRUGGLE with. I have talked monotone and dry my entire life, due to a few factors, mainly how I was raised. I've never really been good with pitch or tone, so I'd love to hear if anyone has any suggestions for how I could work on this.
Extemporaneous Delivery
I had never heard of this format for a speech, but I've listened to speeches that use this format. I generally like speeches that use this format better. It seems like a smart strategy long as the speaker practices in moderation. I think it's important to strike a balance between having something to refer to without reading out your speech. The best speeches I've heard use notes as a brief reference point, but aren't read off of a script. As a listener, I find that a speech is easier to understand when the speaker has the ability to play with their speech and reformat it. I think that helps both the speaker and the audience grasp the information.
It is typically the most anxiety-inducing delivery method, since speakers do not have time to prepare or practice the speech. Speakers may get off topic or ramble if they did not set up some structure to guide them.
These are things I typically struggle with. I need to think more clearly about what I will say and plan out my speech while also keeping it dynamic enough to respond to people on the fly. I could also tell them to wait until the end for questions, but I'd also like to learn the former method.
Students sometimes question the power of positive visualization, thinking that it sounds corny.
People can judge it all they want, but positive visualization has been studied. Rather than focusing on, "oh, God, this is scary," you focus on the task itself and doing the best you can. We as people tend to get stuck in our head. We get wrapped up in, "what if." Don't focus on what if. Envision yourself in a positive light, and your results will be more positive because the stress has faded.
Whether CA is a personal trait or not, we all occasionally experience state CA. Think about the jitters you get before a first date, a job interview, or the first day of school. The novelty or uncertainty of some situations is a common trigger for communication anxiety, and public speaking is a situation that is novel and uncertain for many.
When I meet knew people or deliver a speech, I notice myself speaking faster and softer as a result of CA. I think for me, perception plays a big role in how severe my anxiety is. I'll tie this annotation back to chapter 2, because perception and anxiety go hand in hand. I tend to take first impressions with a grain of salt, because I usually don't yet know the person. I don't like to form opinions of someone until I start to get to know them and converse with them. For example, my first impression of someone might be, "woah, they're intimidating," but as I get to know them, that quickly changes. I base my opinions towards people off of their demeanor around me. If someone seems very open and relaxed around me, I'm going to become more open, relaxed, and more comfortable around them in a relatively short time frame.
Imagine yourself going through the process of preparing and practicing a speech, then delivering the speech, then returning to your seat, which concludes the scenario. Aside from this imagined exposure to speaking situations, taking a communication course like this one is a great way to directly engage in systematic desensitization. Almost all my students report that they have less speaking anxiety at the end of a semester than when they started, which is at least partially due to the fact they were forced to engage with speaking more than they would have done if they weren’t taking the class
This makes a lot of sense. I know before I do my speech, I'm going to practice it in front of my family. I know that practice makes perfect, and the more I go through it, both in my head, and out loud it will help tremendously. My fear is that I will forget the things in my speech that aren't written down. I think this communication class is going to help me work on my public speaking, and my confidence as well.
Whether CA is a personal trait or not, we all occasionally experience state CA. Think about the jitters you get before a first date, a job interview, or the first day of school. The novelty or uncertainty of some situations is a common trigger for communication anxiety, and public speaking is a situation that is novel and uncertain for many.
I never knew that CA varied in different aspects of our lives like that. I know that my anxiety acts up at job interviews, public speaking, and if I'm going somewhere alone where I don't other people who will be there. I wonder if that's just my anxiety, or if it's CA.
Some breathing and stretching exercises release endorphins, which are your body’s natural antidote to stress hormones. Deep breathing is a proven way to release endorphins.
I actually already do this when I meditate, which is a habit I need to get back into. Breathing is, in my opinion, one of the best ways to relieve stress. I also like to make hand signs whenever I meditate, and I can recreate these hand signs when I am stressed to bring myself back to a state of calm. It's like remembering a happy memory to cheer yourself up.
The fight or flight instinct helped early humans survive threatening situations. When faced with a ferocious saber-toothed tiger, for example, the body released adrenaline, cortisol, and other hormones that increased heart rate and blood pressure to get more energy to the brain, organs, and muscles in order to respond to the threat. We can be thankful for this evolutionary advantage, but our physiology hasn’t caught up with our new ways of life. Our body doesn’t distinguish between the causes of stressful situations, so facing down an audience releases the same hormones as facing down a wild beast.
When I am just sitting around, often, I will be stressed. I am basically stressed all the time due to a variety of factors, which I will not go into here. But because of this increased stress, I don't get adrenaline responses that much, and if I do, they're very reduced or result in a panic attack. At least now I know why they happen.
making it a good leaving group.
imp
A note of caution
make writing fluent, clear and organized
result
goes back to the begging
contrasting idea
first sentence is negative and second is positive
examples
pet owner spend money on
daunting
fear, intimidated
implications
suggestions
conceptualizing
forming a general idea
trans fatty acid
A fatty acid that has hydrogens attached on opposite sides of the carbon chain.
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library, my room, study room
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people talking and my phone, i can put my phone up and go somewhere quiet
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write down your questions
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preparing, reading, capturing key ideas, and reviewing
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yes it helped with know the material in book. yes some what yes cause i am looking for the right info to put in the notes
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library, quite place study hole
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noises, reading too long, reading in bed. go to library. Take breaks, dont read in bed.
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cornell method
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preparing reading capture the main idea reviewing
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noise enivrement. I would make schedule dates to places that have no noice.
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ask questions and write them down. use the cones method
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1.Preparing 2.Reading 3.Capturing the key ideas 4.Reviewing
bacterial smear, staining all cells
crystal violet
fortune telling
the tendency to anticipate that things will turn out badly, no matter how much practice or rehearsal is done.
overgeneralization
believing that a single event (such as failing at a task) is a universal or “always” event
“all or nothing”
a mindset that if your speech falls short of “perfection” (an unrealistic standard), then you are a failure as a public speaker
glossophobia
…a severe fear of public speaking . People who suffer from glossophobia tend to freeze in front of any audience, even a couple of people. They find their mouth dries up, their voice is weak and their body starts shaking. They may even sweat, go red and feel their heart thumping rapidly. (“Do You Suffer From Glossophobia ?,” 2015)
Oral histories of Irish Catholic immigrants recall signs stating “No Irish Need Apply” in employment offices.
Were these for specific jobs?
When an atom loses an electron it gains a positive charge and is called a cation.
Positive charge
Some atoms can gain additional electrons. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge because they now possess more electrons than protons. Negatively charged ions are called anions. Most nonmetals become anions when they make ionic compounds.
The gaining of electrons
leap from one to the other depends on assumptions
from reason to claim
coupling an exergonic redox reaction to an energy-requiring reaction in the cell
This reminds me of past topics we have discussed in class like using the hydrolysis of ATP as being an exergonic reaction that can be used to transport ions against the gradient and molecular motors being able to take "steps" on the microtubules. The coupling of reactions is a powerful tool to make things go energetically. I like to think about it like the exergonic reaction energetically "pays" for the reaction that's endergonic.
The danger with this situation, according to Fromm, is that when an entire society is suffering from feelings of isolation and disconnection with the natural order (from nature itself, in Fromm’s view), the members of that society may seek connection with a societal structure that destroys their freedom and, thus, integrates their self into the whole (albeit in a dysfunctional way).
Reading this passage reminded me of 2020 and the beginning stages of the outbreak of covid when it was recommended to quarantine.
authoritarianism, or giving oneself up to some authority in order to gain the strength that the individual lacks
In a lot of ways I feel like this is me when I joined the Army. Another military example could be when a judge offers Military or Jail for someone. The judge is more less saying the structure and discipline could change the persons bad ways.
0.00602 g
0.00602 g = 6.02 mg OR 602 mg = 0.602 g
How can science communicators share their messages in a way that leads people to change their beliefs and actions about important science issues, given our natural cognitive biases?
main point
But to insist on only these negative stories is to flatten my experience and to overlook the many other stories that formed me. The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story
Main point
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The cornell helps to remember and is a better lay out from my notes.
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Ask the instructor if there is another section of the class i can attend. Listen to the lecture online and take notes if they posted it online. Borrow notes from a classmate.
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They are good if you can type fast. You can't easily draw diagrams.
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The Cornell system helps you retain information better. The Cornell method also takes less time.
Self-actualizing people are able to appreciate the wonders, as well as the common aspects, of life again and again. Such feelings may not occur all the time, but they can occur in the most unexpected ways and at unexpected times
My work had us do the Clifton strengths and one of my is context. The strength meant i had a appreciating for history. That was this characteristic remind me of. The down fall is I hold on to the past for to long.
Self-actualizing people have an ability to recognize fakers, those who present a false persona.
would this be hard or easier today with so many false perceptions on social media/influencers?
I have at least one case in which the appropriate cognitive therapy (resuming part-time studies, getting a position that was more intellectually demanding, insight) removed the symptoms.
Then after awhile, the full time job is too much, then they wish they had part time hours.
Most of this initial heat still exists inside the Earth. The Hadean was originally defined as the birth of the planet occurring 4.0 billion years ago and preceding the existence of many rocks and life forms.
It's fascinating how the Hedean still exist in our planet. Just like the Volcanoes and people who live in countries that have a lot of volcanoes erupting near the homes. Some people can't leave where they are because they don't have anywhere nor the resources to move out.
This temperature differentiation resulted in the inner four planets of the solar system becoming rocky, and the outer four planets becoming gas giants.
Temperature is main reason what the planets are made of.
letters A-P-P-L-E
Letters are also confusing. I mean not anymore because I am a grown man but when I was kid and tried to learn those things oh my god it was so difficult. I hated the fact that there are also like 26 of them.
Any language system has to have rules to make it learnable and usable.
I hate that there are rules to language. I hate rules and I think the English language is complicated as is and rules on top of that just bring it to a 10 instead of a 9.5.
By the end of the first year, babies have learned most of the basic phonetic components necessary for speech.
I think this is crazy to think abput. I never knew that in the first year babies have their phonetic components used for speech. I also think that it's cool to know.
we have quite a bit of room for creativity, play, and resistance with the symbols we use.
I love being able to be creative and be able to be sillyand have the freedomm to do what I want.
Definitions help us narrow the meaning of particular symbols
Definitions are extremely useful and I use them in everyday life. I think it's awesome that if you don't know somethinng or know what somethings means you can just look up the definition. l
we have about a million words in the English language.
WAY TO MANY WORDS. I feel like we have words for everything and while its useful its just like hard to keep track of them. We even have words that like are made up and like slang words. Way to many words.
x˙(t)=∂U∂xζ−2kBT/ζ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾√R(t)
Shouldn't the signs be inverted in rhs?
deaminated
Removal of amino group from a molecule.
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Repeat a phrase, raise or lower their voice, or write related words on the board.
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In the front because it makes the professor think you take the class seriously.
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Get your mind in the right space and sit in the front.
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will repeat phrases. lower or raise voice, write related words on the board.
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front row. you will be more engaged and learn more.
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Tertiary
tertiary enterprising
Secondary
secondary
social
type
artistic
all use a common set of three amino acids in the active site called a catalytic triad
Aspartic acid, serine, histidine