Galletta et al. [267] warned against the effect of spell checkers on verbal ability. Having a spell checker in a word processing program may make users overly rely on the tool even if it makes several mistakes, both false positives and false negatives. The authors showed experimentally that university students who had a spell checker on during a document editing task had more errors left in the document than those who did not.

Blind cane users are a good example [756]. When blind users learn to sense the environment with a cane, their perception of tactile and auditory stimuli slowly changes. Instead of sensing stimuli close to their hand, when they hold the cane, they can integrate tactile (vibration) and auditory stimuli close to the tip of the cane.

For example, the abacus is a wooden device used for teaching basic calculations. It consists of a frame with rows of wires along which beads can slide. Students who learned to do calculations with an abacus solve mathematical problems differently from others [796]. They rely more on mental imagery of the movement of beads on the abacus, which makes their mental calculations highly efficient for certain types of calculations.

TTF has been used to assess users' willingness to use various technologies such as email or spreadsheets.

For example, social acceptability was an important consideration for early smart glasses, that is, eyewear with computational capabilities, particularly models fitted with cameras [426].

For instance, Nielsen and Levy [592] compared users' performance and their preferences across 57 studies and found what they called a strong positive correlation. Nevertheless, they concluded that "there are still many cases in which users prefer systems that are measurably worse for them, so one should exercise caution" [p. 75].

For instance, Whiteside et al. [886] showed how to make explicit quantitative goals for usability. They provided an example of the usability of software installation. This was quantified through the time it takes to install software. This could take one hour or, in the best case, just 10 minutes.

For example, Renom et al. [696] conducted a study on text editing using a novel user interface. They found that exploration and technical reasoning facilitate creative tool use. Users who explore available commands in a tool are better at repurposing its functionality.

For example, Koelle et al. [426] studied the adoption of data glasses (e.g., Google Glass, Meta Pro) over multiple years. They asked experts familiar with data glasses what would need to be improved to make data glasses more acceptable. Usefulness, functionality, and usability were the most important factors—more important than security, privacy, pricing, experience, and compatibility.

For example, a scrollbar is an interaction instrument, or tool, that operates on documents. Further analysis reveals it has low integration because a 1D action is controlled by a 2D mouse, and it has low compatibility in some designs because the content moves in a different direction from the movement of the scrollbar.

"Average movement time can be predicted as linear regression to the index of difficulty."

"The difficulty of selecting a target is proportional to its distance and inversely proportional to its width (index of difficulty)."

"If the user tries to increase speed, accuracy will be compromised, and vice versa: An increase in accuracy reduces speed."

in 2023, the Chinese leadership directly asked the Biden administration to add something else to the agenda, which was to add AI risk to the agenda. and they ultimately agreed on keeping AI out of the nuclear command and control syste

people said to it, "Hey, I think I'm super human and I can drink cyanide." And it would say, "Yes, you are superhuman. You go, you should go drink that cyanide."

people who believe that they've discovered a sentient AI,

we saw this with Grock uh basically rebelling against Elon Musk

example

nobody told it what to do that's that's the kind of really amazing and frightening thing about these situations when Facebook gave uh the algorithm the uh uh aim of increased user engagement the managers of Facebook did not anticipate that it will do it by spreading hatefield conspiracy theories this is something the algorithm discovered by itself the same with the capture puzzle and this is the big problem we are facing with AI

when a open AI developed a gp4 and they wanted to test what this new AI can do they gave it the task of solving capture puzzles it's these puzzles you encounter online when you try to access a website and the website needs to decide whether you're a human or a robot now uh gp4 could not solve the capture but it accessed a website task rabbit where you can hire people online to do things for you and it wanted to hire a human worker to solve the capture puzzle

getting a base model to you know make money by default it may well learn to lie to commit fraud to deceive to hack to seek power because 00:47:50 in the real world people actually use this to make money

In 2017, Facebook mistranslated a Palestinian man’s post, which said “good morning” in Arabic, as “attack them” in Hebrew, leading to his arrest.

i think it's more likely that 00:49:59 that we will think we will think that we this particular set of procedures ai procedures that we linked into our strategic nuclear weapons system uh will keep us safer but we haven't recognized that they're 00:50:12 unintended that there are consequences glitches in it that make it actually stupid and it mistakes the flock of geese for an incoming barrage of russian missiles and and you know unleashes everything in response 00:50:25 before we can intervene

there's this broader issue of of being able to get inside other people's heads as we're driving down the road all the time we're looking at other 00:48:05 people and because we have very advanced theories of mind

the Bodhisattva vow can be seen as a method for control that is in alignment with, and informed by, the understanding that singular and enduring control agents do not actually exist. To see that, it is useful to consider what it might be like to have the freedom to control what thought one had next.

2011 IBM's Watson,