- Jun 2025
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We can unfortunately not indefinitelyextend the sphere of common action and still leave the individual free in hisown sphere. Once the communal sector, in which the state controls all themeans, exceeds certain proportion of the whole, the effects of its actions dom-inate the whole system. Although the state controls directly the use of only alarge part of the available resources, the effects of its decisions on the remain-ing part of the economic system become so great that indirectly it controlsalmost everything, Where, as was, for example, true in Germany as early as1928, the central and local authorities directly control the use of more than halfthe national income (according to an official German estimate then, 53 perthey control indirectly almost the whole economic life of the nation.There is, then, scarcely an individual end which is not dependent for itsachievement on the action of the state, and the “social scale of values” whichguides the state’s action must embrace practically all individual ends.
This is an interesting historical example, but does it really hold true? Couldn't the percentage be significantly smaller?
Compare, for example the work of Schelling:<br /> - Schelling, Thomas C. “Dynamic Models of Segregation.” The Journal of Mathematical Sociology 1, no. 2 (July 1, 1971): 143–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989794.
Here a very small minority can dramatically effect the outcome of society.
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- Jan 2023
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ncase.me ncase.me
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An interesting interactive model for segregation here. See also https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-10/an-immersive-game-shows-how-easily-segregation-arises-and-how-we-might-fix-it for press coverage.
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- Jun 2022
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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In game theory, a focal point (or Schelling point) is a solution that people tend to choose by default in the absence of communication. The concept was introduced by the American economist Thomas Schelling in his book The Strategy of Conflict (1960).[1] Schelling states that "(p)eople can often concert their intentions or expectations with others if each knows that the other is trying to do the same" in a cooperative situation (at page 57), so their action would converge on a focal point which has some kind of prominence compared with the environment. However, the conspicuousness of the focal point depends on time, place and people themselves. It may not be a definite solution.
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- Sep 2020
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ncase.me ncase.me
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1. Small individual bias → Large collective bias. When someone says a culture is shapist, they're not saying the individuals in it are shapist. They're not attacking you personally. 2. The past haunts the present. Your bedroom floor doesn't stop being dirty just coz you stopped dropping food all over the carpet. Creating equality is like staying clean: it takes work. And it's always a work in progress. 3. Demand diversity near you. If small biases created the mess we're in, small anti-biases might fix it. Look around you. Your friends, your colleagues, that conference you're attending. If you're all triangles, you're missing out on some amazing squares in your life - that's unfair to everyone. Reach out, beyond your immediate neighbors.
Nice summary here of their work. This has some ideas towards reversing structural racism and racist policies.
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In a world where bias ever existed, being unbiased isn't enough! We're gonna need active measures.
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www.bloomberg.com www.bloomberg.com
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"These little cuties are 50% Triangles, 50% Squares, and 100% slightly shapist.
Sadly, I wished they'd have used circles as I see the triangles and am perhaps primed to think that they're KKK hoods.
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