= Highlights - Patents granted for unoriginal inventions if prior art outside of the patent literature missed. - Misses most of free and open source software and hardware - number in millions. - = Open Source Hardware Association - created a certification database - centralized prior art. - Novel tool has a semi-automated way of certification from = MediaWiki - websites. - = OSHWA - certification completed on average in 62.5% less than direct form filling.

= TITLE - Towards = open source patents - Semi-automated = open hardware - certification - from = MediaWiki websites

= Policy Position Paper = Executive Summary - Changes in science funders’ mandates - have resulted in open access to data, software, and publications. - Research capacity, however, is still unequally distributed worldwide, hindering the impact of these efforts. - To achieve the SDGs, open science policies must shift focus from products to processes and infrastructure, - including access to open source scientific equipment. - - Conventional, black box, proprietary approaches to science hardware - reinforce inequalities in science and slow down innovation everywhere, - while also threatening research capacity strengthening efforts. - Three policy recommendations to promote open science hardware for research capacity strengthening: - incorporating open hardware into existing open science mandates, - incentivizing demand through technology transfer and procurement mechanisms, - promoting the adoption of open hardware in national and regional service centers.

= TITLE - Equitable Research Capacity - Towards the SDGs: - The Case for = Open Science Hardware

AUTHORS: - Julieta Arancio - https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=1bFSyMQAAAAJ - Mayra Morales Tirado - https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=d0u_n6UAAAAJ - Joshua Pearce -https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=QZ8lPxwAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate

What does independent mean in this context?

Facebook's Open Compute Project releases open-source hardware designs created with energy efficiency and ease of maintenance as priorities.