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    1. 本研究系统探究了合成-结构-性能之间的关联,深入分析了多种 UiO-66 合成参数——包括竞争物种的协同效应、金属竞争剂的作用以及温度——对缺陷结构的影响。在此基础上,我们开发了一种三元竞争物种介导的缺陷工程策略,用于制备具有缺陷的 UiO-66 材料。这些缺陷在左氧氟沙星吸附中的关键作用得到了阐明。此外,通过热调控优化了缺陷结构,获得了具有增强吸附能力的材料,并评估了其潜在应用前景。

      竞争物种协同效应,杂金属竞争作用,温度

    2. Furthermore, temperature has been unequivocally linked to defect generation, which likely stems from the thermally induced instability of Zr-O bonds between modulators and inorganic metal-oxo clusters at elevated temperatures. Consequently, higher temperatures correlate with fewer defects, thereby facilitating the detachment of modulator-capped ligands from the inorganic clusters.42,43 Following such detachment, terephthalic acid (BDC) ligands can coordinate with Zr nodes, leading to a reduction in structural defects.42

      温度与缺陷生成明确相关,这很可能源于高温下调节剂与无机金属-氧簇之间 Zr-O 键的热诱导不稳定性。因此,较高温度对应较少缺陷,从而促进调节剂封端配体从无机簇上脱离。随后,对苯二甲酸(BDC)配体可与 Zr 节点配位,导致结构缺陷减少 42.C. S. Cox , E. Slavich , L. K. Macreadie , L. K. McKemmish and M. Lessio , Understanding the Role of Synthetic Parameters in the Defect Engineering of UiO-66: A Review and Meta-analysis, Chem. Mater., 2023, 35 , 3057 —3072 43。X. Qiu and R. Wang , From construction strategies to applications: Multifunctional defective metal-organic frameworks, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2025, 526 , 216356

    3. 通过结合光谱分析与理论计算,Tan 等人发现了 UiO-66 中涉及氢键羧酸与 H 2 O 物种的独特缺陷补偿机制 41

      这反映了不同竞争物种在缺陷调控中的协同作用,然而,竞争物种间的协同机制仍不明确。 K. Tan , H. Pandey , H. Wang , E. Velasco , K.-Y. Wang , H.-C. Zhou , J. Li and T. Thonhauser , Defect Termination in the UiO-66 Family of Metal–Organic Frameworks: The Role of Water and Modulator, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143 , 6328 —6332

    4. H 2 O/HCl 调节剂展现出竞争性成核/生长效应 39 ,而双组分体系(如 H 2 O/乙酸)则能通过协同缺陷放大实现 hcp 相形成。 40

      双组分调节 M. A. Artsiusheuski , N. P. M. Casati , A. H. Clark , M. Nachtegaal , R. Verel , J. A. van Bokhoven and V. L. Sushkevich , Controlling the Mechanism of Nucleation and Growth Enables Synthesis of UiO-66 Metal–Organic Framework with Desired Macroscopic Properties, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2024, e202415919 40.X. Chen , Y. Lyu , Z. Wang , X. Qiao , B. C. Gates and D. Yang , Tuning Zr12O22 Node Defects as Catalytic Sites in the Metal–Organic Framework hcp UiO-66, ACS Catal., 2020, 10 , 2906 —2914

    5. 开创性研究通过酸蚀刻(Zn/Zr-UiO-66 至 reo 相 35 )、异质金属修饰的 SBUs 36 以及单羧酸物种 37,38 证明了缺陷的生成。

      单组分策略 X. Feng , H. S. Jena , C. Krishnaraj , D. Arenas-Esteban , K. Leus , G. Wang , J. Sun , M. Rüscher , J. Timoshenko , B. Roldan Cuenya , S. Bals and P. V. D. Voort , Creation of Exclusive Artificial Cluster Defects by Selective Metal Removal in the (Zn, Zr) Mixed-Metal UiO-66, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143 , 21511 —21518 CrossRef CAS PubMed . X. Feng、H. S. Jena、C. Krishnaraj、D. Arenas-Esteban、K. Leus、G. Wang、J. Sun、M. Rüscher、J. Timoshenko、B. Roldan Cuenya、S. Bals 和 P. V. D. Voort,通过选择性金属移除在 (Zn, Zr) 混合金属 UiO-66 中创建专属人工簇缺陷,《J. Am. Chem. Soc.》,2021 年,第 143 卷,第 21511—21518 页 CrossRef CAS PubMed 。Journal of The American Chemical Society化学TOPESI学科分类:化学JCI 2.64IF(5) 15.6EI检索SCI升级版 化学1区SCI基础版 化学1区SCI Q1IF 15.7 S. Yuan , J. Peng , Y. Zhang and Y. Shao-Horn , Stability Trend of Metal–Organic Frameworks with Heterometal-Modified Hexanuclear Zr Building Units, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2019, 123 , 28266 —28274 CrossRef CAS . S. Yuan, J. Peng, Y. Zhang 和 Y. Shao-Horn, 异金属修饰六核锆构筑单元对金属有机框架稳定性的影响趋势, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2019, 123, 28266—28274 CrossRef CAS 。Journal of Physical Chemistry cESI学科分类:化学JCI 0.51IF(5) 3.5EI检索SCI升级版 化学3区SCI基础版 化学2区SCI Q3IF 3.2 Y. Ma , A. Li and C. Wang , Experimental study on adsorption removal of SO2 in flue gas by defective UiO-66, Chem. Eng. J., 2023, 455 , 140687 CrossRef CAS . Y. Ma、A. Li 和 C. Wang,缺陷型 UiO-66 吸附去除烟气中 SO2 的实验研究,Chem. Eng. J.,2023,455,140687 CrossRef CAS 。

    6. 传统 MOF 合成依赖于金属-配体-溶剂体系,而在 UiO-66 这一具有 12 连接 Zr 6 次级结构单元(SBUs)的模型体系中,通过单一竞争物种(如单羧酸、水或异质金属)进行的缺陷工程已被广泛探索。

      A. Mudhoo and C. U. Pittman , Synthesis, Attributes and Defect Control of Defect-Engineered Materials as Superior Adsorbents for Aqueous Species: A Review, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 2022, 32 , 4133 —4159

    7. 这些修饰增强了分子扩散 32 并暴露出不饱和金属位点(如路易斯酸性 Zr 4+ ), 33 协同提升了吸附容量和反应动力学。综上所述,这些发现表明,此类工程化缺陷不仅解决了尺寸排阻限制,还引入了反应位点,使缺陷型 MOFs 成为先进分子分离的多功能平台。

      S. Zhuang and J. Wang , Adsorptive removal of pharmaceutical pollutants by defective metal organic framework UiO-66: Insight into the contribution of defects, Chemosphere, 2021, 281 , 130997 33.X. Feng , H. S. Jena , C. Krishnaraj , K. Leus , G. Wang , H. Chen , C. Jia and P. Van Der Voort , Generating Catalytic Sites in UiO-66 through Defect Engineering, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13 , 60715 —60735