In summarizing the sentence, it emphasizes that “violence” is not merely a physical or historical event but also an ideological force manifest in how art is appropriated and othered. The term “violence” here is used to describe systemic injustices that have been embedded in art historical narratives, drawing on examples like Native American ledgers to show that even everyday objects carry traces of this contested history. To clarify, the sentence calls for a rethinking of global art history one that does not shy away from the difficult past, but rather uses it to understand the present complexities of global cultural exchanges.

Ananda Coomaraswamy

Key Works:

The Transformation of Nature in Art (1943)

Christian and Oriental Philosophy of Art (1922)

Background and Context: Coomaraswamy’s writings seek to recover and articulate the philosophical and aesthetic principles underlying traditional (often non-Western) art forms. In The Transformation of Nature in Art, he argues that art is a symbolic transformation of nature a process that reveals the deep, sacred orders of various cultures. Similarly, Christian and Oriental Philosophy of Art compares Western and Eastern artistic traditions, critiquing the Western tendency to impose its own values and methodologies on non-Western art. His work has been influential in questioning the dominant Western narratives that have long marginalized non-Western cultural expressions. In the context of global art history, Coomaraswamy’s ideas challenge the “provincialism” inherent in art historical narratives that fail to acknowledge the profound contributions of non-Western aesthetic systems.

Compendium - a collection of concise but detailed information about a particular subject

Anti-hegemonic - in opposition to hegemony, which can be defined as dominance over a group

Rephrasing for clarification: Anthony D. King, editor of a collection of information about Globalization, was one of the many contributors who wrote against the popular beliefs surrounding architecture in a post-colonial world. he did so especially accessibly.

How can architecture relate specifically to post colonialism and what effects does that have on design?

Anthony D. King - well known Architecture historian

University of Binghamton - public university in Binghampton, NY. Focuses on research

Urbanism - a way of life specific to a geographical location

Art historical ambit - the scope of commonly discussed art history

This phrase clarifies a comparison between museum practices in different countries and how postcolonial concerns have been addressed.

• "Museum practices and outreach" I think this refers to the way how museums engage with visitors and present their collections.

"Staging and/or repatriation" - Indigenous people's voices and cultures are being narrated in museums.

• "Involvement of Native communities " Indicating a shift to more collaborative approaches that appreciate Native people's artifacts as much as their own Western cultural heritage.

"Since the 1980s" Why specifically "since the 1980s"?

• "The acritical embrace of ongoing fictions such as the "spiritual,""mysterious" Other speaks to..."
• Use of 'Ongoing fictions' could suggest accepting how the Native narrative have historical roots.
• Capitalized 'Other'

CLARIFY: "The conjunction of contemporary and global was a welcome shift" This means that bringing together the ideas of "contemporary" (modern, current) and "global" (including perspectives from all over the world) was seen as a positive change.

"from the ‘world art’ focus that had earlier – in a colonialist fashion –" Before this shift, there was an approach called "world art," which referred to how art from different cultures was studied and categorized. This approach was influenced by colonialist attitudes, meaning it reflected a mindset shaped by the history of European countries controlling and defining other cultures, often in a way that placed them as inferior or outdated.

"placed ‘peripheries’ in a perpetual past" "Peripheries" here means regions or cultures that were seen as outside the main centers of art, often referring to non-Western countries. The phrase "perpetual past" means that these regions were always described as belonging to history, never as part of the present or future. In other words, art from these places was treated as something traditional or ancient rather than evolving and changing like Western art.

"that could never be modern or contemporary." Because of this colonialist perspective, art from these so-called "peripheral" regions was often not recognized as modern or contemporary. It was as if these cultures were stuck in time, while only Western countries were allowed to define what was "new" or "innovative."

1989 is a pretty important historical turning point. The Revolutions of 1989 was followed by the demolition of the Berlin Wall was demolished, which resulted in the end of communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe and started new era of globalization

for - tinnitus - mitigation via the Clarify - sensory substitution - vibrate at the same time as the sound - to decrease amplitude of tinnitus - Neosensory - David Eagleman

for - BEing journey - consumer electronic device - the Clarify - sensory substitution - auditory to vibration compensation - for high frequency hearing loss in older people - Neosensory - David Eagleman

• sensory substitution - The Clarify - Performs better than conventional hearing aids - Neosensory - David Eagleman

for - question - the brain believes what it imagines - clarify - John Churchill

This makes it sound like there is an HTML element with a tag name of <toc nav> rather than <nav epub:type="toc"> (which seems to be what's intended).

The landmarks example farther down is clearer--though the wording there of "the landmark nav element" is equally confusing.

There remains only a nav element, but of varying types.

This line is confusing because the actor (author or reading system) is unclear. The following two lines are much clearer on what actor is being restricted by this specification.

This line feels specific to the Reading System requirements. Consequently, perhaps it's best to integrate it into the sentence just following.

Link resolve to any defined algorithms for resolving resources within an EPUB.

This requirement is clearer than the one just previous and also seems to obviate the earlier one.

However, this one is confusing limiting the textual expression to just the title attribute, and also being vague of which element is associated to the MUST--is it this surrounding a or span? or the contained "embedded content" element?

Implied requirement? When is this necessary and what does the concatenation and normalization?

Where is this "visual display" taking place? Is this when the document is viewed as a spine element? or is this when the content is extracted and presented by the Reading System?

Rephrase "while a child span element" and perhaps move to it's own sentence parallel to the "A child a element"

Link to this, if defined.

Is "non-browser context" defined? or its inverse?

It's not clear if "browser" here is equivalent to "Reading System" or to a Web browser or something else.

Used by? It's not clear who the actor is here, the author/developer of the EPUB or the Reading System.

Is the "table of contents" a specific type of custom control? If so, a link would help here.

But it does have effect on "spine rendering"? Perhaps add a link for spine rendering.

Is "data island" a specific, defined thing from a previous EPUB spec or another adjacent spec?

Link to a definition of "custom control" if one exists.

Not sure what a "typical XML data island" is either...so some links or even rewording (or removing?) might help others unfamiliar with the phrase.