Exploring Misconceptions and Challenges of Electric Vehicle Adoption in India
This is a highly reliable academic source. It is a peer-reviewed study published on IEEE Xplore, which is a trusted technical journal. It provides necessary technical analysis for policymakers that balances some general myths discussed by the public and government agencies.
The study finds that with only 23% of India’s electricity from renewables, the rapid growth of EVs could increase emissions and up to 90% improper battery recycling and disposal further exacerbating environmental harm.
It makes a verifiable claim about the specific percentage of batteries that are not properly recycled in India, which further supports the fact that EV's are not as bio friendly as claimed to be in their overall life.
In India, renewable energies share only 23% of the electricity demand. The increase in EVs could negatively impact the environment by increasing emissions through burning more fossil fuels to satisfy those EV’s electricity demand.
This is an example of Logos because the authors use specific data-driven models and percentages to logically show how the current power grid of a non north american country limits the environmental benefits of EV globally.
A recent study of about 15,000 vehicles from the earliest models through model year 2023 showed that electric vehicle battery replacements due to failure have been rare, at an average of 2.5%, outside of major recalls.4 Vehicle and battery technologies have improved since 2010, when modern EVs first entered the market, and since model year 2016 they have had less than a 0.5% failure rate.
This is an example of Logos because the author uses specific math comparisons and percentages to logically prove that EVs are more energy efficient than internal combustion engines
FACT: Electric vehicle battery replacements due to failures are uncommon.
This is a verifiable statement that can be supported by the data and the chart shown under the claim. This is supported by the study of 15k vehicles cited in the text, which show that battery failure rates have been less than 0.5% for models made after 2016. This specific data effectively disproves the myth that batteries need frequent replacement.
An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know
This text is located in the top left corner of the page. This establishes Ethos through authority and being an official government research website.
I find McArthur's argument persuasive because he presents AI in multiple uses, like a wingman or as a safe training ground to practice conversations with, rather than a replacement for human connection. By pointing out that AI can "rehearse your banter with you," he shows how technology can help build the user's confidence and their social skills before they face the pressures of a real date.
While it may feel deceptive, we should view AI as an equalizer. People who want tospend time and money to improve their profile already have lots of ways to do so. AI canprovide fast, free assistance to people who can’t make the same investments. It helps usput our best selves forward.
The prospect of armies of chatbots all talking to each other might seem dystopian, butcompare it to the system we have now where users spend on average between three andseven seconds on a single profile before swiping them away forever. And most of theseswipes are, let’s face it, based on the first photo.Al can be used to help screen matches and provide conversation prompts. (Shutterstock)An AI dating assistant could actually give you matches that are based on common interests orother factors more substantial than just looks. You could train the AI to know yourpersonality, and you could give it a sense of what you’re looking for in a partner. It could chatwith the AIs of everyone in your vicinity, and, for the people it thinks might be good matches,
as AI gets more sophisticated and becomes integrated into our everydaylives, we shouldn’t be afraid to allow it to lend us a hand
The ideology shown in this text is optimism about technology. This is because this whole article is about how technology can be used to help solve human social and emotional problems. McArthur's stance is that AI does not diminish our humanity but can rather enhance it by helping connect people, and also help get past that dystopian view people have about using it.
McArthur values accessibility and equality in the dating world. This is seen when he describes AI as an "equalizer" that provides quality help to those who can't afford expensive services like a dating coach or a professional photographer. Also, he has a strong belief in the practicality of AI, arguing that we should value tools that help reduce loneliness and anxiety, instead of holding onto our stigma about technology.
McArthur's intended audience mainly consists of single adults who seem to find themselves struggling with their dating life. He specifically addresses people who know how to use tech and apps but may feel skeptical about using AI for their dating lives. He acknowledges people's problem points, like struggling with creating their dating profile, and directly addresses the problems with solutions on how to utilize AI to help.
Neil McArthur's purpose is to persuade people that AI can be a practical tool rather than a threat to human connection. He gives multiple examples of how AI can solve common dating frustrations and problems. He wants the reader to see AI as a helpful wingman that can make the dating process more efficient and help people be less lonely.
The prospect of people forming intimate relationships with chatbots raises numerous concerns.Privacy is one of the most pressing.
McArthur understands that there are a lot of concerns people should be aware of when forming relationships with an AI chatbot, such as the privacy risk that comes with sharing details with an AI company.
For the rest of us, though, putting together a profile can be a daunting experience. AI canmake things easier. It can help you write your bio and edit crappy selfies into presentablephotos.
This reason ties into the supporting claim of "AI can help you create a dating profile"
It can suggest places to meet or give you a list of interestingthings to do. It can also help come up with topics of conversation and rehearse yourbanter with you. And it can act as a hype man, to give you some inspiration
This reason ties into the supporting claim of "AI can act as a style adviser and dating coach"
AI can act as a style adviser and dating coach
This supports the main claim by showing how AI can help with actual date planning, like suggesting places to meet, or rehearsing conversations with its user.
AI can help you create a dating profile
This supports the main claim that AI makes dating better by solving the problems that come with creating a dating profile.
Used in the right way, AI can actually make datingbetter.
This is McArthur's main claim. It sets up the argument that if people are using AI correctly, it offers a net positive for dating.
While it may feel deceptive, we should view AI as an equalizer. People who want tospend time and money to improve their profile already have lots of ways to do so.
This is Logos because he uses a logical argument. He claims that since some people already spend money to improve their profile, AI is a logical solution to level the playing field for everyone else.
Dating is hard, but as AI gets more sophisticated and becomes integrated into our everydaylives, we shouldn’t be afraid to allow it to lend us a hand. Just don’t forget to thank it at thewedding.
Because McArthur claims "...we shouldn't be afraid to allow it to lend us a hand," this shows that he's suggesting the reader to have a change of attitude towards AI and that we should let our guard down and allow it to help us.
AI is always available, even at 2 a.m., whenyou’ve just been dumped over text. It’s also much cheaper than a human psychologist.
This uses pathos by going after the reader's feelings of loneliness and the need for emotional support at any time of the day.
Director, Centre for Professional and Applied Ethics, University of Manitoba
This would go under Ethos because he is showing his academic credentials
But it’s not all doom and gloom. Used in the right way, AI can actually make datingbetter.
McArthur is giving his opinion, claiming that AI can make dating better if used correctly. That take would go down as a Claim of Value because he says AI can be positive or helpful, instead of stating a fact.
The Kinsey Institute’s annual “Singles in America” survey revealed that 14 per cent ofGen Z-ers, and six per cent of all single people, are already using AI to help with dating
This is a claim of fact because there is data given to support the statement
singly, BE clearly lowered the ratings ofspeakers, leading to diminished ratings in 7 of the first 10 dimen-sions including intelligence, articulation, aggression, education,and qualifica
This shows that using black English negatively affected perceived competence, while trustworthiness ratings remained relatively stable, highlighting how dialect influences judgment of intelligence and skill but not necessarily honesty or likability.
d. All speakers had midwestern accents,thus controlling for regional speaking differences. The only dis-cernible difference among the speeches was the use of BE and therace of the person giving the speec
This highlights that the study carefully controlled for regional accent, ensuring that differences in participant evaluations were due solely to dialect (BE vs. SAE) and speaker race, strengthening the validity of the findings.
SAE and BE). All of tspeakers were of the same sex (male), were approximately the sameage (18-24), and were judged by focus groups as delivering thespeech at the same level (6.0-7.0 on a 1
This shows the study controlled for external factors like age, gender, and delivery, isolating dialect and race as the key variables affecting participants' perceptions.
Both White and Blackspeakers of standard dialect were deemed competent, whereas bothWhite and Black speakers of substandard dialect were not
This highlights that percieved competence is linked more to dialect than race, showing that substandard speech (like be) can negatively impact evaluations regardless of speakers ethnicity,
d that BE causednegative evaluation ratings on 16 of 20 (80%) scales. However, 3scales yielded no difference and 1, the perceived trustworthiness ofa person, actually improved with the use of BE, prompting Atkinsto note that BE use does not uniformly alter all aspects of personpercepti
This shows that Black English doesn't affect all credibility traits the same way. While it lowers perceived competence, it can raise trustworthiness, proving that dialects influence different judgments in different ways.
that "negative pro-nouncements on Ebonics reveal a serious lack of knowledge aboutthe scientific approach to language analysis and a galling ignoranceabout what Ebonics is and who speaks it" (p
This shows that harsh opinions about Ebonics mainly come from misunderstanding, not facts. It reinforces the idea that bias towards dialect is rooted in ignorance.
ted that although standard American English was pre-ferred by all participants on several key measures (including all measuresof competence), speaker dialect did not alter perceived trustworthiness andlikabili
While people still view Standard American English as more "competent", dialect alone doesnt make a speaker seem less honest or less friendly.
y, linguists and other educators must disseminate knowledgedialects much more broadly than they currently do to combat the unqtioned discrimination that occurs linking language usage to social mobieducational advancement, and pe
This quote emphasizes the argument that society continues to equate certian dialects with intelligence, professionalism, and worth
T] eachers, policy makers, and educationists need to take account of differences inthe form and function of spoken and written language, of the way in which pupils'gender, social class, and ethnic group may affect the way they speak, of the rela-tionship between standard and non-standard varieties of English, and of the socialattitudes toward linguistic diversity. (Cheshire, Edwards, and Whittle, 1993,
This quote highlights that educators must understand how factors like gender, class, and ethnicity shape students speech
"Much of what the American educational systemteaches children about language is factually incorrect; in this it is thorough,consistent, and successful across social and economic boundaries" (Lippi-Green, 1994, p. 167)
This quote shows that many teachers believe they're teaching standard English correctly, but research suggests they often don't understand that the standard actually is.
Something approaching [Standard English], or not departing too widely from it, isoften assumed to be necessary for the serious business of formal education, both inthe social sense of being more fitting, and in the cognitive sense of being morestructurally superior. (Edwards and Westgate, 1
This quote highlights the assumption that standard english is both socially and intellectually superior in school settings.
exism is illegal, discrimition based on speech patterns "is the site on which racism and ethnoctrism are institutionalized" (Lippi-Green
This shows how language becomes a socially acceptable channel for racism and bias.
and society. StandardIdeology, which privileges certain usages and stigmatizes others, adverselyaffects the lives of those who use stigmatized forms (Wi
Shows how Standard Ideology reinforces social inequalities.
egory of SSE. This may expboth how speakers conceptualize language and how they identify, wrelative ease and broad agreement, standard and nonstandard formsgardless of their own
Shows why people can generally agree on what is "standard" or "Nonstandard" english even though everyone speaks with variation.
The interaction between what might be called 'informal spoken standardEnglish' and nonstandard English is complicated and the borderline be-tween them not at all clear" (Cheshire and Milroy, 1993, p. 7)
This shows Standard Spoken English is nearly impossible because real-life speech blends forms and shifts depending on context.
Standard Ideology "stresses the impor-tance and superiority of the standard, 'literate' or 'unaccented' variety ofEnglish" (Wiley and Lukes, 1991, p. 514).
This explains that what people view as "correct" English isnt based on actual linguistic facts but on a belief system. It influences institutions and public opinion, shaping how society treats different dialects even when there's no real justification
eadily. Most people agreethat no two people speak exactly the same, so even among "educatedspeakers" variety exists. Yet they believe in the existence of SSE, even while"[t] he process of standardisation (strictly defined) is based on the idea ofaiming, by any means possible, at un
This highlights a key contradiction. Society believes in a single standard of spoken English even though real-world speech varies widely.
What prescriptivists seem to overlook is that specific prescriptivechoices are largely based on personal preferences without linguistic orsocial justificati
This is an important point showing that many "rules" of Standard English aren't grounded in real linguistic evidence. It supports the argument that enforcing a strict spoken standard isnt the right way.
h. For example, they view individual variation as negative or unaccept-able, that is, one form or the other must be incorrect. Variation, however,reflects appropriate style and register shifts and produces innovation inour standards over time. So the very aspect of spoken la
Everything changes overtime, even language. This is why enforcing a rigid "spoken standard" is unrealistic
oom. Most educators may believe, however, that the SWthat they teach equates to the SSE that they speak. Thus, this SWE is thform for which they inevitably hold their students responsible in botspeech and wri
Teachers assume their own speech matches the "standard", which causes unfair expectations for students speech and writing
We believe Standard Ideology helps explain this privileging of SSE. Mil-roy and Milroy (1991) demonstrate how Standard Ideology justifies dis-criminatory practices in the schools, the workplace,
This supports the concept of linguistic discrimination and explains how one dialect becomes valued over others in society
kplace. Stigmatized forms are primarily affiliatedwith lower socioeconomic status, groups with the least political power andrecou
This shows how language is tied to power and class. Not intelligence.
) review of the literature demonstrates that formal writing is also"more structurally complex and elaborate" with "longer sentences, . . . lesspersonally involved ... and more detached and abstract ... [and] charac-terized by a higher concentration of new information th
Clear evidence that writing and speech function differently and should not be compared equally.
g hasexisted for several thousand years and, due to its permanent nature, hasbeen available for study during that time. We know comparatively littleabout spoken language; the studies that exist are recent and incomplete.
This explains why people assume writing rules apply to speech. Writing has a long recorded history, speech doesnt.
Within their dialects, individuals also control a range of styles, called alinguistic repertoire, whose use varies depending on their interlocutor andthe situatio
People shift the way they talk depending on audience and setting.
ach country eventually ele-vates one dialect to become the standard
Standard English is not natural or neutral, its chosen socially and politically
Language is an abstract, mental system largely shared by its native speakerThe speakers themselves produce various dialects of a given language. Tclaim is not based on Chomskian notions of language innateness or copetence and performance. Rather, we are referring to the type/tokedistinction, comparable to the distinction between a phoneme andallophones. Language is the type. Each instantiation of a languagetoken of it. A token invariably occurs in a given dialect or, more correctlyan idiolect. We actively reject the popular misconception that allows "tdominant groups [to] succeed in attributing the status of language to thown variety while ascribing the status of dialect t
The authors compare language vs dialect using the type/token distinction to argue that all spoken versions are valid tokens of a language.
s from it. Fourth, Standard English is the languagthe classroom. This assumption has never been systematically tested in the liteture by examining the language that teachers use. Nor is it clear that teachbelieve they do or should impose an idealized spoken form
The authors highlight that researchers have never actually studied whether teachers talk in Standard English.
lief. Third, Standard English is the language of the workplaceessential for social mobility. While we do not refute this assumption, we do explothe discrimination that stem
The authors accept that this has truth in society, but point out that it leads to discrimination.
h. First, spoken English equates to written English. Substantial evidendemonstrates that this equation is both misle
The authors are pointing out the first major misconception. People treat their speech and writing like they're the same, but research shows they differ significantly