Jews are considered tradesmen who have no faith (Grose). Turks are considered cruel, coldhearted men (Grose).

A male lover (OED).

A burgess is a person elected to represent citizens in a deliberate or legislative body (OED). It is unclear whether there is a historical record of this particular speech Sir Timothy Treat-All is referring to.

An ignorant person (OED).

James II was Duke of York from 1644 and Duke of Albany from 1660 to his reign King of England in 1685. James II reigned until his death in 1688. He was the second surviving son of executed Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France. He was married to Anne Hyde from 1660 until her death in 1671. He remarried Mary of Modena in 1673 until his death. The Exclusion Crisis (1679-1681) attempted to exclude James II and Charles II, his brother, from the throne of England, Scotland, and Ireland because they were Roman Catholic, but the bill did not pass. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to rule England, Scotland, and

Portrait of John Calvin by Hans Holbein the Younger

The correct spelling of the word is Huguenots. Huguenots were French Protestants and members of the Calvinist communion of France in the 16th and 17th century (OED).

John III Sobieski was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1684 until his death in 1696. He married Marie Casimire Louise. He was named the “hero king” in Poland after deafeating the Ottomans.