- Jan 2022
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www.heritage.org www.heritage.org
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Ph.D., researched and wrote about marriage, bioethics, religious liberty and political philosophy.
These details about the source (in addition to the website itself) would be interesting to dissect.
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www.dbu.edu www.dbu.edu
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sense
Summary of evaluation: The eight white clergymen who wrote this letter to civil rights leaders missed an opportunity by not using the Rogerian structure. Classical oration left their audience feeling not heard and not understood. This combined with only first-hand qualitative evidence and several insulting logical fallacies makes for a letter just asking for Martin Luther King's scathing response.
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- Dec 2021
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www.dbu.edu www.dbu.edu
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calm manner in which these demonstrations have been handled
Ambiguity fallacy: Calling the management of protests "calm" when most of the nation has seen fire hoses and police dogs is part of what undermined the clergymen's argument. They may have seen a calm response prior to April 12, but the nation saw violence afterward.
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e also point out that such actions as incite to hatred and violence, however technically peaceful those actions may be, have not contributed to the resolution of our local problems
Tu quoque: Blaming nonviolent protesters for "inciting hatred and violence" basically blames the victims of racism for the hatred of racists.
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Summary of evaluation: The eight white clergymen who wrote this letter to civil rights leaders missed an opportunity by not using the Rogerian structure. Classical oration left their audience feeling not heard and not understood. This combined with only first-hand qualitative evidence and several insulting logical fallacies makes for a letter just asking for Martin Luther King's scathing response.
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hen rights are consistently denied, a cause should be pressed in the courts and in negotiations among local leaders, and not in the streets
(Toulmin method) Assumptions: Legal action will result in "correct" or just rulings. People can wait for courts to decide justice
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We commend
Conclusion
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We do not believe that these days of new hope are days when extreme measures are justified in Birmingham
Claim of value
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these demonstrations are unwise and untimely.
Claim of value
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However
Refutation (counterclaim and rebuttal)
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ecent public events
Confirmation Bias: Selecting the one recent success as evidence that no action is needed (and ignoring lots of evidence that not much has changed).
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problems
Confirmation (evidence to support claims) First-hand qualitative evidence
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We
Aristotelian structure Narration (background)
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racial problems
Ambiguity: not race causing the problems, but racism
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face facts.
Begging the question: Calling subjective details "facts" is dubious evidence upon which to make any claim of value.
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Unity
- S: eight white clergymen in Alabama (not segregationists)
- P: discourage protests of segregation in Birmingham
- A: civil rights leaders, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Dr. King, etc.)
- C: April 12, 1963, Birmingham, AL [segregated southern states lived with "whites only" and "blacks only" signs and rules for businesses, jobs, and facilities]
- E: planned protests of segregation in Birmingham
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