One of the most misunderstood quotes in history is attributed to Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke, the Elder: “No battle plan survives contact with the enemy.” Ever since, this statement has been taken out of context as a justification for no planning at all—the complete opposite of its original intent. Von Moltke, known as the architect of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, was a military planning genius credited with a series of stunning military victories. Von Moltke realized that the key to success in the face of rapidly changing circumstances is to not rely on a single static plan. Instead, you must have the flexibility to pivot quickly between several meticulously laid-out options.

If previous criminal presidents had been seen in the dock, Trump very likely never would have become president in the first place.

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Now for the record, there is one way to fix the code above without useReducer. You may remember that you can pass a function to the updater function useState gives you. When you do this, that function will be passed the current state value. We can utilize this to clear out our dependency array without having to use useReducer.

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