Walker later joined GlaxoSmithKline, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology company, as head of scientific computing. The first thing he did was build a data center cluster by using thousands of GeForce gaming cards that cost only about $800 apiece. This caught the attention of Nvidia’s vice president of health care, Kimberly Powell, who called Walker and said, “You’re at GSK now. You need to be buying our enterprise products.” “No,” countered Walker. “I should be doing what’s best for my employer. That’s my job.”

He became increasingly frustrated with Nvidia’s attempt to wring more money out of him, when he had done so much to make CUDA more than just a niche product for well-resourced developers and academics. The architecture wouldn’t have been as successful if Nvidia had restricted its use to cards that cost thousands of dollars; it would have been almost as expensive to use CUDA as it would have been to design a custom ASIC.

Of space, time, and typewriters<br /> by [[Rebecca Ritzel]] for the JHU Hub<br /> accessed on 2025-12-06T20:51:49

https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/4857-ginny-said-mr-weasley-flabbergasted-haven-t-i-taught-you-anything

the term "doubled down" makes it seem like Jimmy Kimmel was trying to stand on a claim very strictly.

It was interesting to see this at the very beginning of the article. It set the tone.

Using the word "grumbled" has a negative affiliation.

This juxtaposition shows the two sides of this "argument". It's interesting to see that the first part is longer than the counterargument. It seems like there was more effort put into the first part.

This part of it has a lot of quotes that bring more to the narrative. This choice allows the reader to see there are other opinions surrounding the topic

This section almost gives background to why Jimmy Kimmel was taken off the air. This was a choice they didn't need to make but decided to.

The choice to include steve colbert gave the article more depth.

It was interesting to see that they included Tyler Robinson in the article

This explains the different types of audiences there is and how they are reached.

The research report provides students with experience in both primary and secondrey research. this format allows students to engage in genuine research questions that encourage innovation.

This approach makes the research process seem like an ambiguous search rather than structured method of a developing and supporting a claim with evidence.

Primaery reseach is the original collection of date by the researcher to answer a specific question

This gives the main points that on what should have an introduction paragraph.

I feel like using this line strengthened the point of taking him off the air

This was a unique title compared to the other ones. I feel like I was drawn to it because it seemed straight forward and has more insight

using this information makes it more of a big issue because of how popular and "important" he is

the wording used here has a very negative connotation.

PLA2, how does it work

"thus enabling [the poor] to carry out those duties which their poverty does not presently allow them to fulfil. "

Receivers become subordinate to aid-givers

Charity is love recieved and given. Subject sof charity are claled to make themselves instruments of grace, active in networks of charity.

Proclimation of Christ's love - Conclusion

I agree because availability and accessibility to such powerful technology enable both good guys and bad guys. We can see this being the case already in the context of cybersecurity, where both businesses and cybercriminals are using AI for their own purpose.

I think it's important to make sure technological goals are for humanity as a whole. One concern I had with the advancement in AI is that most of the technology could be concentrated in already powerful nations. This could lead to people from underdeveloped nations not having access to such technology or developed nations gatekeeping technology.

Contrary to the web, it is challenging to collect relevant data in the real world at scale due to data scarcity, limitations in the available data, and the high cost of data collection. There are also ethical and privacy barriers that significantly limit the ability to collect data.

He acknowledges potential limitations to the "power AI" that can't be solved with just intelligence alone. Non-intelligence factors, such as infrastructure, are what enable intelligence to progress.

I find this kind of overblown speculation by the public dangerous, not because it's impossible, but because it distorts the public's understanding of the matter.

This period is comparable to large cultural shifts in information, intellect, and opinion on large societal topics. The central focus of it this time (AI) is the tool being used to carry these values and provide insights into the changes hoped to be achieved.

The benefits talked about will not be quickly nor easily reached, but sticking with it through the challenges is a must in order to allow AI to have the impact it's intended to.

Utilizing AI in this manner would greatly reduce the technological gap that currently exists right now and allow for the benefits of advancements in technology to have a much wider scope and therefore have even more of a positive impact on society at large.

This concept, in both physical and mental health, can prove wondrous for the human population and is just one example of the huge amounts of good AI can do for us, demonstrating why having thorough conversations on AI and its usage can prove to be hugely beneficial.

Factors such as those mentioned here stall progress and advancement of AI, for charging ahead with disregard to these poses further risks that can be disastrous, but adhereing to each and every constraint makes it incredibly difficult to advance at all.

Failing to properly consider the risks posed by AI will only make it more likely that these risks cause significant harm, but currently a lot of discourse around risks in AI is chalked up to a general distrust in it and unwillingness to incorporate it into daily life

Author has .md files that describe separate 'agents' she involves in her coding work, for each of the roles in a dev team. Would something like that work for K-work? #openvraag E.g. for project management roles, or for facets you're less fond of yourself?

I didn’t realize the plague had such a devastating impact in China during that time. It’s hard to imagine entire villages being emptied and even the government unable to collect taxes because so many people had died.

I didn’t realize the Ottomans trained Christian boys to become an elite army. It’s surprising how they turned this tribute system into such a powerful military force.

Wow, I find it fascinating how the Ottomans were able to grow so quickly during this period. It’s surprising to see how events like an earfquake could play such a big role in their first steps into Europe.

Wow, this is really interesting—I never realized how all these events were happening around the same time. It’s kind of surprising to think about Ghazan Khan converting to Islam and Osman I starting his raids in the same era; I didn’t expect history to be so connected.

That’s a cool bit of history—amazing how the Magna Carta basically started as a peace deal to rein in an unpopular king. The fact that the Archbishop of Canterbury helped draft it shows how serious the conflict had become. It’s wild to think this crisis ended up shaping centuries of legal tradition.

He clearly admired the Rūsiyyah for their strength and appearance, but he was really shocked by what he saw as their unhygienic and shameless habits. It’s such an interesting mix of respect and disbelief in one description.

2 groups of micrurus

https://web.archive.org/web/20251206203839/https://www.howtogeek.com/calibre-has-finally-given-into-the-ai-trend/

Calibre has added AI 'support', mostly to suggest new stuff to read and an option to discuss a book. It has an LM Studio back-end, so I can tie it to my local models.

what is 3ftx? - they are the most abundent in elapid snakes

These are the main toxins responsible for snake envenomation

The attempt by a person to access indirectly the benefits of a tax agreement between two jurisdictions without being a resident of one of those jurisdictions

What is Participation Exemption? Participation exemption is a tax rule used in many countries that allows companies to avoid being taxed twice on profits received from their subsidiaries or shareholdings. In simple terms: ➡️ If a company owns shares in another company and receives dividends or sells those shares at a gain, those profits may be exempt from corporate tax. Why does it exist? Without participation exemption, the same profit could be taxed multiple times: The subsidiary earns profit → taxed once. The subsidiary pays dividends to the parent company → taxed again by the parent. If the parent sells its shares → the capital gain could be taxed again. Participation exemption prevents this double or triple taxation. Typical Requirements These depend on the country, but often include: Minimum ownership percentage (e.g., at least 5–10% of the subsidiary’s shares). Minimum holding period (e.g., at least 6 months or 1 year). The subsidiary cannot be a tax haven or involved in passive income abuse. The income must come from equity participation, not loans.

Wow, that’s a dramatic power shift! It’s fascinating how Saladin managed to navigate the deaths of both rulers and use the moment to unify Egypt and Syria under his own authority. The way he moved from adviser to Sultan is honestly impressive.

• Boosters(wealthy supporters of a team) have been secretely giving money or gifts to star athletes.
• Some are given fake jobs("no-show" jobs) where they get paid but don't actually work.
• Even though athletes are not allowed to have agents, some still do it secretly.

The author is trying to use logic. This reiterates that athletes don't get paid and the new NIL rule is not enough, but it is a step in the right direction.

The author does not show references or source of information. How do I know that players generate millions of dollars and they don't get paid for it?

to be affected by that which is ready to hand (equipment; given to us in bare nature) is possible only bc of how dasein is i=determined in its nature

Facticity#

A. flavus considered to have the highest degradation activity:

This shows that using black English negatively affected perceived competence, while trustworthiness ratings remained relatively stable, highlighting how dialect influences judgment of intelligence and skill but not necessarily honesty or likability.

This highlights that the study carefully controlled for regional accent, ensuring that differences in participant evaluations were due solely to dialect (BE vs. SAE) and speaker race, strengthening the validity of the findings.

This shows the study controlled for external factors like age, gender, and delivery, isolating dialect and race as the key variables affecting participants' perceptions.

This shows that Black English doesn't affect all credibility traits the same way. While it lowers perceived competence, it can raise trustworthiness, proving that dialects influence different judgments in different ways.

This shows that harsh opinions about Ebonics mainly come from misunderstanding, not facts. It reinforces the idea that bias towards dialect is rooted in ignorance.

This quote emphasizes the argument that society continues to equate certian dialects with intelligence, professionalism, and worth

This quote highlights that educators must understand how factors like gender, class, and ethnicity shape students speech

This quote shows that many teachers believe they're teaching standard English correctly, but research suggests they often don't understand that the standard actually is.

This quote highlights the assumption that standard english is both socially and intellectually superior in school settings.

This shows how language becomes a socially acceptable channel for racism and bias.

Shows how Standard Ideology reinforces social inequalities.

This shows Standard Spoken English is nearly impossible because real-life speech blends forms and shifts depending on context.

This explains that what people view as "correct" English isnt based on actual linguistic facts but on a belief system. It influences institutions and public opinion, shaping how society treats different dialects even when there's no real justification

This highlights a key contradiction. Society believes in a single standard of spoken English even though real-world speech varies widely.

This is an important point showing that many "rules" of Standard English aren't grounded in real linguistic evidence. It supports the argument that enforcing a strict spoken standard isnt the right way.

Everything changes overtime, even language. This is why enforcing a rigid "spoken standard" is unrealistic

Teachers assume their own speech matches the "standard", which causes unfair expectations for students speech and writing

This supports the concept of linguistic discrimination and explains how one dialect becomes valued over others in society

This shows how language is tied to power and class. Not intelligence.

Clear evidence that writing and speech function differently and should not be compared equally.

This explains why people assume writing rules apply to speech. Writing has a long recorded history, speech doesnt.

People shift the way they talk depending on audience and setting.

Standard English is not natural or neutral, its chosen socially and politically

The authors compare language vs dialect using the type/token distinction to argue that all spoken versions are valid tokens of a language.

The authors highlight that researchers have never actually studied whether teachers talk in Standard English.

The authors accept that this has truth in society, but point out that it leads to discrimination.

The authors are pointing out the first major misconception. People treat their speech and writing like they're the same, but research shows they differ significantly

Frank Gehry, Titan of Architecture, Is Dead at 96 - The New York Times<br /> by [[Nicolai Ouroussoff]]<br /> accessed on 2025-12-06T07:42:42

the data may be inaccurate to the average students around the UK, but they still think its applicable to gain some perspective for uni students.

people who do gap years typically have a better transition period to uni, better prepared for the workload to come, more independent, more confident, more time to be sure of their decision, boosting employment opportunities, feeling more prepared.

rebuttal why you shouldn't

examples for the benefits of taking a gap year

rebuttal to why its not a good idea to not taking a gap year

title

I did not find a mention of the "Matching NA" note in fig 1A. I believe this relates to the need to match the NA of the collector lens to the NA of the objective but it would be good to clarify that. Is it also preferable that the NA of the optical fiber matches that of the collector lens?

i believe most commercial "confocal" Raman systems utilize the same idea to use the fiber optic itself or the slit to create pseudo-confocality (see: https://www.bruker.com/en/products-and-solutions/raman-spectroscopy/raman-basics/what-is-raman-microscopy.html).

Thank you for making the design documentation available!

the link is dead, perhaps the repo is private?

Does sensitivity change based on the fluorophore that is used? Could there be other alternative ways of detecting the protein that don't require endogenous labeling?

It would be interesting to learn whether protein structural integrity or oligomerization changed as a result of the protein being in the microfluidic channel.

the microfluidics-based purification seems like a great technology even outside of the application to CryoEM. Have you looked at using it as a general-purpose purification step for other assays (e.g. functional assays)?

how do errors in the number of frequencies from the model in A affect the accuracy of the model in B?

is the figure title a typo? should it be Raman activities?

Since molecules will all have vastly different numbers of peaks, but the thresholds are the same, does the learning rate of the model depend somehow on the number of peaks in the molecule?

since SMILES does not capture 3D geometry, have you looked at the main failures of the dataset to see if they are occurring due to specific 3D geometries?

add the ability to share openly with foll proenance and verifiable record of the sharing

The Qunshu zhiyao 360 series is also available in Italian.

Italian

Istruzioni per il buon governo: Antologia in 360 massime sui principi per il retto governare della Cina antica, volume primo. Trans. Ludovica Gallinaro with introduction by Tiziana Lippiello. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Buddhist Education Foundation Ltd, 2019.

States that Luhmann's bibliographic cards had his own indexing on the back. Vgl with my own immediate annotations I keep in a book note.

Vgl brain continuously predicting/projecting, not observing out of efficiency. Predictive coding.

Applying different frames yield diff interpretations. Humor often based on frame switch.

Vgl [[Social netwerk als filter 20060930194648]] , [[Chunking 20210312215715]

Have this for blog posts, separate folder and explicit status for publishing. A published garden first as a separate folder of cloned notes, then as tagged for publication? Needs a 'touching' process to see diverging note/clone.

Like the phrase. Vgl [[Kunst-artefact is (tussen)uitkomst proces 20140505070232]] any artefact is a (intermediate) output of ongoing process. Vgl [[Artefacten uit kennis met methoden 20220215202011]], artefacts brought forth from K through methods.

The page confuses tools and content imo, but this is a workable list of attributes. 'Grows selectively public' is the key imo. #openvraag #webbeheer What can I do to improve the note to webpage pipeline I have but seldom use?

DOI: 10.1101/2025.11.27.691044

Resource: RRID:IMSR_JAX:001800

Curator: @dhovakimyan1

SciCrunch record: RRID:IMSR_JAX:001800

What is this?

DOI: 10.1101/2025.11.27.691044

Resource: (IMSR Cat# JAX_028673,RRID:IMSR_JAX:028673)

Curator: @dhovakimyan1

SciCrunch record: RRID:IMSR_JAX:028673

What is this?

this has been a controversial movement from the start

its unavoidable

having to constantly think about how to "properly" use language stops the natural flow of thinking

The term "standard" english in and of itself defines anything that does not fit that term as "nonstandard" which is synonymous with 'less than'

standard language is defined by the ruling class, with a bias towards anyone who does not conform

https://www.reddit.com/r/TypewriterRepair/comments/1pbnomi/mainspring_twisted/

This story is important because it challenges pro-slavery propaganda that downplayed the cruelty of the trade by providing historians with firsthand accounts from someone who survived the Middle Passage.

A British and American demographic that supported abolitionist activities was the target audience for this text. Equiano aimed to sway public opinion and promote the abolition of the slave trade by providing striking information.

How would Equiano's viewpoint be different from that of African ladies on board? Male authors might not adequately explain the particular types of abuse that women frequently experienced.

Later slave tales we read in the course, such as those detailing the dehumanization endured on plantations, are similar to Equiano's account of anguish and terror. This implies that cruel practices continued in the colonies from enslavement to capture.

Despite the fact that high death rates decreased their earnings, why did European traders keep adopting such harsh conditions? This shows the question of how economic reasoning was subordinated to racial ideology.

Olaudah Equiano wrote this account in 1789, detailing his experience as a young African slave who was carried to the Americas over the Atlantic Ocean. It depicts one of the worst facets of the 17th and 18th century Atlantic slave trade.

Equiano talks of the slave ship's "hold," the little lower deck where Africans were shackled and crammed closely together. As part of the transatlantic triangle trade, ships such as this sailed from West Africa to colonies in the Caribbean or North America.

Chains around the ankles of slaves

Refers to the stench causing infections or diseases

Thales did not propound the plurality of worlds. This is historically inaccurate. Pluralistic cosmology (multiple worlds from the indefinite apeiron) is suggested to be sourced from Anaximander - though, this is a very loose historical interpretation of his works.

Authors argue that the growth of the sciences in human culture has driven the need to expand the ontology of scientific categories. As astrobiology matures, more complex studies across disciplines are needed to address evolving areas - e.g., exobiology, philosophy of astrobiology, or my own term exoastronomy which I coined in 2018. These are missing from the UNESCO International nomenclature as of 2025/2026.

Aborigines mention cave paintings are self-portraits made by gods from the sky. The creation gods who came from the sky (or the sea in some accounts) in the Dreamtime were the Wandjina. It's difficult to necessarily associate them as extraterrestrial since they are also posited to have originated with clouds, rain, fertility, and the creation of the land and its people. This needs more references to validate the claim.

Early theories of astrobiology include Christian Huygens speculating on forms of extraterrestrial life in Cosmotheros (Latin for "Beholder of the Cosmos") (1698). This may be the first scientific speculation about astrobiology. This is difficult to state outright since authors were fantasizing about life on planets - see Lucian of Samosata's 2nd century work "A True Story" and Voltaire's 1752 novella "Le Micromégas" about beings from Sirius.

Soviet astronomer Gavriil Tikhov speculated about life on Mars due to albedo changes. He was a Soviet astronomer becoming one of the very first pioneers in astrobiology and astrobotany (being appointed the head of astrobotany in Alma-Ata to investigate life on planets in the Solar System). He was also an astronomer at the Pulkovo Observatory from 1906 until 1941.

The mention of the Maasai culture in Tanzania believing their god Ngai descended from the Milky Way seems speculative and not well referenced. Other sources just note Ngai descended from the sky. One of the authors is referenced - Rafael Balaguer Rosa, Tras los Pasos de Ngai, AstronomíA, 73-74 (2005), July-August 26-35

Kurzweil's epochs of evolution speculate higher levels of consciousness, transhumanism to a universal consciousness. In The Singularity Is Near he portrays what life will be like after the transhuman event: a human-machine civilization where our experiences become virtual reality, intelligence becomes nonbiological and trillions of times more powerful than current human intelligence.

The formation of life could be assembled via components of progressively higher complexity - consider advanced robotics and AI creating new forms of life. (Need reference that Kurzweil said this - or this is the authors' speculation)

Santilli's unusual claims on detecting invisible alien entities and covert surveillance is highly speculative. His works are consider pseudoscience in many cases and he believes there is a Jewish scientific cabal of corruption suppressing his work.

Authors consider non-local, distributed consciousness through photons and matter interactions (aka exotic matter) based on Caleb Scharf's works. Caleb Scharf is an astrophysicist, the Director of Astrobiology at Columbia University in New York, and a founder of yhousenyc.org, an institute that studies human and machine consciousness.

Yes, a dream that forgets to factor in that a world without workers would (currently) also mean a world without consumers.

Also, possible missing word.

Gramsci's idea of "hegemony" embedded in Stochastic Parrots?

Is there a word missing from this sentence?

I grok this reference ;)

I pause at the idea that LLMs are trained on a full "civilization's worth" of texts, especially with a Gramscian view. What texts represent a whole civilization? I expect both Zuckerman and Gramsci would argue that it is more than just the dominant hegemonic texts that make up most LLM training sets.

The article has one lead image. The absence of audio and videos places a greater emphasis on the narrative and language used.

Standout words: “begged,” “mercy,” “before sentencing.” The Title and headline frame the story around the defendant’s emotional plea rather than the consequences of his actions.

This raises the question of lack of freedom of speech.

Even though this was an article about Jimmy Kimmel talking about Kirk's assassination, they made the choice to include the reason given as to why the killer decided to assassinate him.

Using the title for of the person allows for there to be an increase in legitimacy

Meaning: Phytocentrism is the view that plants are central to life and ecological balance, challenging the idea that humans (anthropocentrism) or animals (zoocentrism) are the most important entities.

Meaning: the devising or choosing of names for things, especially in a science or other discipline.

Your integration of physiology, proteomics, and metabolomics across fluctuating-light and CO₂ conditions gives a clear, comprehensive picture of how C. reinhardtii shifts its energy budget when light and carbon availability vary. Ambient CO₂ drives cells into an ATP-limited, CCM-dependent state, while elevated CO₂ produces a more energetically permissive one; chloroplast-to-mitochondria electron flow becomes the dominant ATP-support pathway under carbon limitation, more than cyclic electron flow or flavodiiron activity. This opens up a few questions:

Because dissolved CO₂ is naturally low in aquatic habitats, ambient CO₂ in the lab recreates Chlamydomonas’ typical carbon environment, but it also forces continuous CCM activity and high ATP demand. How do you define the appropriate “baseline physiology” in this context? Should the CCM-on, low-CO₂ state be treated as the reference, or is the high-CO₂, CCM-off state a more useful baseline for interpreting metabolic and proteomic differences?

Your data also raise questions about standard Chlamydomonas culturing practices. Most labs grow cells in constant light at ambient CO₂, which your results suggest enforces a high-ATP-demand, CCM-dominated state. Do you think culturing norms should shift toward supplemented CO₂ or specific fluctuating-light regimes for baseline studies? If ambient CO₂ is the ecologically relevant state, how should we interpret findings generated under 2% CO₂, where major ATP sinks are artificially suppressed?

Lastly, given the strong mitochondrial contribution under carbon limitation, did you examine mitochondrial positioning or morphology under LL, HL, and FL conditions? It would also be useful to know whether different fluctuating-light pulse lengths shift reliance on malate-based chloroplast–mitochondria shuttling. Prior work shows CO₂-dependent mitochondrial repositioning (doi: 10.1111/tpj.70601), suggesting that both structural changes and fluctuation frequency could help distinguish productive from non-productive shuttling states.

Given RXR's role as a promiscuous heterodimer partner, I'm wondering what other NHR orthologs are expressed in Tritia?

For Tritia, is it possible to perform a pulse-chase with radiolabeled RA and then examine localization?

Congratulations on the very intriguing findings! I was wondering if the environmental sources of RA precursors for Tritia obsoleta are known? If so, it may be informative to deplete the precursors from growth media and examine if the phenotypes you've observed in situations where you anticipate RA levels to be reduced are recapitulated in the absence of RA precursors.

The correct order is: Giti Khalaj, James Plaisimond, Thierno Diallo, Lisa Merry, Steven Ouellet, Mohamed Ali Ag Ahmed, Lara Maillet, Samira Amil, Marielle M’bangha, Erika Adriana Coron, and Marie Pierre Gagnon. This order will be changed in the next version and in the final manuscript.

Please cite as: Kelly SL, Forgie M, Walker MC Bridging the Implementation Gap in Medical AI Education: A Three-Lever Framework for Concurrent Reform JMIR Preprints. 02/12/2025:88778 DOI: 10.2196/preprints.88778 URL: https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/88778

The correct order is: Kelly SL, Forgie M, Walker MC This will be changed in the next revision and the final manuscript.

Synthèse du Webinaire : Utiliser Canva pour les Actions Associatives

Résumé Exécutif

Ce document de synthèse résume les points clés et les enseignements du webinaire "Apprendre à utiliser Canva pour vos actions associatives", organisé par Solidatech.

La session, animée par des expertes de Canva, visait à doter les associations des connaissances nécessaires pour utiliser efficacement la plateforme Canva dans leurs communications, avec un focus particulier sur la création d'affiches pour le recrutement de bénévoles.

Les principaux points à retenir sont les suivants :

1. Canva Solidaire : L'information la plus cruciale pour les associations est l'existence de "Canva Solidaire", une offre qui donne un accès gratuit et complet à Canva Pro pour les associations loi 1901 éligibles, permettant d'intégrer jusqu'à 10 membres d'équipe.

2. Principes de Conception Graphique : Une bonne conception d'affiche repose sur cinq piliers fondamentaux : la hiérarchisation de l'information, le branding (identité visuelle), la visibilité (impact visuel), la lisibilité (confort de lecture) et la composition (équilibre des éléments).

3. Fonctionnalités Clés : La plateforme Canva est un outil tout-en-un puissant et intuitif. Les fonctionnalités essentielles présentées incluent l'utilisation de modèles (templates), la personnalisation via le "Kit d'Identité Visuelle" (marque), la manipulation des calques, et la déclinaison rapide des créations pour différents formats (réseaux sociaux, impression).

4. Intelligence Artificielle (IA) : Canva intègre des outils d'IA accessibles ("Studio Magique") qui permettent de réaliser des tâches complexes simplement, comme la suppression ou la génération d'arrière-plans, la capture de texte sur une image aplatie, et même la génération de code HTML pour des formulaires.

5. Ressources et Formation : Les participants ont été encouragés à explorer la Canva Design School, une section de la plateforme offrant des cours et tutoriels gratuits.

De plus, pour trouver des modèles spécifiquement créés par des graphistes français, il est conseillé d'utiliser le mot-clé de recherche "FR association".

En conclusion, le webinaire a positionné Canva comme un allié stratégique pour les associations, leur permettant de professionnaliser leur communication visuelle avec des ressources limitées, tout en favorisant la collaboration et l'efficacité.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Introduction et Contexte du Webinaire

Le webinaire a été organisé par Solidatech pour accompagner les associations dans leur transformation numérique. L'événement a accueilli deux intervenantes expertes de la communauté Canva pour présenter la plateforme et ses applications concrètes pour le secteur associatif.

• Organisateur : Solidatech, représenté par Camille.

• Intervenantes Canva :

◦ Anne-Gaël : Community Manager de la communauté des "Créators" (graphistes créant les modèles pour la bibliothèque Canva) et des "Édus Créateurs" (enseignants créant du contenu pédagogique).    ◦ Alisée : Directrice artistique, Brand Consultante et ambassadrice Canva, spécialisée dans l'accompagnement des porteurs de projet et des associations.

• Thème Principal : Utiliser Canva pour créer des supports de communication, spécifiquement des affiches de recrutement de bénévoles, en lien avec la Journée Internationale des Bénévoles.

2. Présentation des Organisations

Solidatech

Solidatech est une coopérative d'utilité sociale et environnementale dont la mission est d'aider les associations à renforcer leur impact grâce au numérique. L'organisation accompagne plus de 45 000 associations. Son action repose sur deux piliers :

1. Réaliser des économies :

◦ Logiciels : Identification de solutions gratuites ou obtention de remises sur des logiciels payants.    ◦ Matériel : Fourniture de matériel reconditionné (par leur coopérative d'insertion Les Ateliers du Bocage) et de matériel neuf (en partenariat avec Dell).

2. Monter en compétence sur le numérique :

◦ Formation : Organisme de formation certifié proposant des formations sur les enjeux du numérique et sur des outils spécifiques.    ◦ Diagnostic : Outil de diagnostic numérique gratuit pour évaluer la maturité numérique d'une association.    ◦ Ressources : Mise à disposition de contenus gratuits (articles, newsletters, webinaires).

Canva

Canva est une entreprise australienne fondée en 2013 par Mélanie Perkins avec la mission de "donner au monde le pouvoir de créer" (Empower the world to design). L'objectif est de démocratiser le design en rendant la création visuelle simple et accessible à tous, notamment grâce à un système de glisser-déposer.

Indicateur Clé

Chiffre

Présence mondiale

190 pays

Employés

Plus de 5 000

Utilisateurs actifs mensuels

260 millions

Revenu annualisé

3,5 milliards de dollars

Créations depuis 2013

40 milliards

Créations par seconde

Plus de 400

Utilisateurs (étudiants/enseignants)

Plus de 100 millions

Organisations à but non lucratif

Plus d'un million

Les valeurs de Canva incluent le fait d'être une "bonne personne", de simplifier la complexité, de viser l'excellence et d'œuvrer pour le bien commun.

3. L'Offre Canva Solidaire pour les Associations

Une partie importante de la présentation a été consacrée à Canva Solidaire, l'offre dédiée au secteur associatif.

• Principe : Canva Solidaire est l'équivalent de Canva Pro, mais offert gratuitement aux organisations éligibles.

• Avantages : Accès à toutes les fonctionnalités de Canva Pro, y compris plus de modèles, de photos, d'éléments, le Kit d'Identité Visuelle, la planification de contenu, et la possibilité d'intégrer jusqu'à 10 personnes gratuitement dans l'équipe.

• Éligibilité : L'offre s'adresse principalement aux associations loi 1901. Sont exclues les administrations publiques, les organisations éducatives (qui ont leur propre programme gratuit), et les clubs sportifs professionnels, entre autres.

• Procédure d'inscription :

1. Se rendre sur la page dédiée de Canva Solidaire.  

2. Cliquer sur "Demander un compte Canva Solidaire".   

3. S'inscrire ou se connecter avec un compte Canva existant.  

4. Rechercher le nom de son association. Dans la plupart des cas, Canva la reconnaît via son numéro de déclaration en préfecture et valide le compte automatiquement.  

5. Si l'association n'est pas trouvée, il est nécessaire de joindre des documents justificatifs (déclaration en préfecture, statuts de l'association).  

6. Le support Canva confirme ensuite l'accès par e-mail.

4. Prise en Main de la Plateforme Canva

Alisée a présenté une cartographie des fonctionnalités principales de l'interface Canva pour familiariser les utilisateurs, même débutants.

• Page d'accueil : Présente des raccourcis vers différents formats (présentations, réseaux sociaux, vidéos) et des menus pour accéder aux modèles, aux projets existants et à la planification.

• Modèles (Templates) : Le point de départ recommandé pour les débutants. Il s'agit d'une vaste bibliothèque de créations réalisées par les "Créators".

Astuce : Pour trouver des formats spécifiquement français (ex: marque-page), il est conseillé d'ajouter une astérisque (*) à la recherche.

• Menu de gauche (dans l'éditeur) :

◦ Design/Modèles : Pour rechercher et appliquer un nouveau modèle.  

◦ Éléments : Contient les formes, illustrations, photos, vidéos, et audios.  

◦ Marque : Section cruciale où l'association peut configurer son identité visuelle (logos, couleurs, polices). Une fois configuré, ce kit peut être appliqué en un clic à n'importe quel design pour garantir la cohérence.  

◦ Importer : Pour ajouter ses propres fichiers (images, logos, vidéos).  

◦ Texte, Projets, Applications : Autres outils de création et d'organisation.

• Sauvegarde automatique : Canva enregistre les créations en temps réel, évitant ainsi toute perte de travail en cas de problème technique.

5. Principes Fondamentaux de la Création d'Affiches Efficaces

Pour créer une affiche percutante, Alisée a détaillé cinq principes de design essentiels :

1. La Hiérarchisation : Organiser les informations de la plus importante à la moins importante.

Le titre doit attirer l'œil en premier, suivi des informations clés (date, lieu), puis des détails secondaires. L'œil humain "hiérarchise avant de comprendre".

2. Le Branding : Utiliser de manière cohérente les éléments de l'identité visuelle de l'association (couleurs, logo, polices, style d'illustration).

Cela permet une reconnaissance immédiate et renforce le professionnalisme. Par exemple, utiliser du vert pour une association écologique.

3. La Visibilité : S'assurer que l'affiche est visible et attire l'attention.

Cela passe par le choix des polices, la présence claire du logo, et l'intégration d'un appel à l'action ("Call to Action") clair et engageant (ex : "Rejoignez-nous !", "Devenez bénévole").

4. La Lisibilité : Garantir que le message est facile et agréable à lire. Il faut prêter attention au contraste des couleurs, à la taille des polices (éviter les polices fantaisistes pour les paragraphes longs), à l'espacement entre les lignes (interlignage) et aux marges. Le regard a tendance à balayer une page en "Z".

5. La Composition : L'agencement global des éléments sur la page.

Il faut travailler avec les alignements, les marges, les espaces négatifs (le "vide") pour créer un équilibre visuel et guider le regard du spectateur, assurant une bonne compréhension du message.

6. Les Fonctionnalités d'Intelligence Artificielle (IA) de Canva

Le webinaire a présenté quelques outils d'IA intégrés dans le Studio Magique de Canva, conçus pour simplifier des tâches complexes.

• Génération d'arrière-plan : Possibilité de sélectionner une photo, de supprimer l'arrière-plan existant et d'en générer un nouveau à partir d'une simple description textuelle (prompt).

Par exemple, transformer une photo de bénévoles sur une plage en une scène dans la nature.

• Capture de texte : Cet outil permet de "détecter" le texte sur une image aplatie (comme un PDF ou un JPEG) et de le rendre entièrement modifiable.

C'est très utile pour mettre à jour une ancienne affiche dont on n'a plus le fichier source.

• Génération de code : Une fonctionnalité plus avancée a été montrée, où l'IA de Canva a généré le code HTML pour un formulaire de contact destiné au recrutement de bénévoles.

Ce code peut ensuite être intégré sur un site web ou dans un document.

7. Déclinaison des Contenus pour Différents Supports

Un enjeu majeur pour les associations est d'adapter leurs visuels pour différents canaux (flyer, publication Instagram, bannière web, etc.).

Deux méthodes ont été présentées :

1. Méthode 1 (Multi-formats dans un seul document) :

◦ Dans un design existant (ex: une affiche A4), on peut ajouter une nouvelle "page" et lui assigner un type de format différent (ex: publication Instagram, vidéo, présentation).  

◦ Cela permet de conserver tous les éléments de base et de les réorganiser manuellement pour chaque format au sein d'un seul et même projet.

2. Méthode 2 (Fonction "Redimensionner" - Canva Pro) :

◦ Cette fonction permet de dupliquer automatiquement un design dans un ou plusieurs autres formats.  

◦ L'utilisateur sélectionne les nouveaux formats désirés (ex: Story Instagram, Bannière Facebook).  

◦ Canva crée de nouvelles versions du design aux bonnes dimensions, en tentant d'adapter les éléments.

Des ajustements manuels sont souvent nécessaires.   

◦ Conseil d'experte : Il est crucial d'utiliser l'option "Copier et redimensionner" plutôt que "Redimensionner ce design" pour conserver le fichier original intact.

8. Ressources Complémentaires et Formation Continue

Pour permettre aux associations d'aller plus loin, les intervenantes ont partagé deux ressources clés :

• Trouver des modèles français : En utilisant le code de recherche FR association dans la barre de recherche de modèles, les utilisateurs peuvent accéder à une sélection de templates créés spécifiquement par la communauté des "Créators" français pour les besoins du secteur associatif.

• Canva Design School : Accessible directement depuis le menu de la plateforme, c'est une "école de design" gratuite intégrée.

Elle propose des cours, des leçons vidéos en français, et des activités pratiques pour maîtriser des outils spécifiques (vidéo, IA, etc.) et se perfectionner en design graphique.

9. Session de Questions-Réponses : Points Clés

La fin du webinaire a permis de clarifier plusieurs points importants :

• Droit d'utilisation des images : Toutes les images de la bibliothèque Canva sont libres de droit pour une utilisation dans des créations.

Il est possible de vendre des produits (t-shirts, tasses) avec un design créé sur Canva, à condition qu'il s'agisse d'une composition originale (texte, autres éléments ajoutés) et non d'une simple image de la bibliothèque apposée sur le produit.

• Nombre de polices : Pour une affiche, il est recommandé d'utiliser deux à trois polices (typos) maximum pour garantir la clarté et l'harmonie visuelle.

• Newsletters : Canva permet de créer le design d'une newsletter, mais n'est pas un outil d'envoi d'e-mails.

Le design doit être exporté (par exemple en lien HTML) pour être intégré dans un outil de mailing dédié (ex: Mailchimp).

• Confidentialité : Les créations réalisées sur un compte Canva sont privées et ne sont pas ajoutées à la bibliothèque publique de modèles.

• Langue de l'IA : Les outils d'IA de Canva comprennent et fonctionnent parfaitement avec des instructions en français.

Leaders need to do a better job of choosing and acting on where the money flows. They need to do a better job of taking all these factors, statistics and logistic about where exactly our planet is right now and focus on how we can make it better but building things that will actually benefit the quality of life that doesn't just revolve around money.

To tie back to what I said about the government expanding money to places that need polishing, maybe the government also needs to start using that money to expand in job availability and creation. Job's that will take into consideration different circumstances the people who are jobless need. Maybe they dont have a college degree, lived in low income places that never had the best education?

I think the government of each state needs to do a better job in expanding and spreading out money to polish and better cities and places who truly need the polishing. It's always the higher income places and nicer places that get all the money and that's a problem that needs to get fixed.

By this comment it does not push the narrative towards the idea that this event was a terrorist attack.

This is very different from other sources that specifically identify cause of explosion.

This headline focuses on how the Cybertruck was rented from Colorado which yes is mentioned in the other articles but not in the headline.

I think people should stop the controversy about climate change as it is quite literally a serious and real thing. As a result of poorly taking care of our planet and being so hyper focused on building for capitalism, people should be more scared.

I feel like the society right now is pretty incapable of not litering, trashing and taking care of our environment. Everyone's become so blinded from taking care of our planet, becoming more materialistic and careless of how we move throughout everyday life.

It's extremely saddening that we still have to face the fact that race and class can still dictate what kind of care each person recieves and to what extent. racial inequalities in health care need to be punished and discussed.

The fact the not only low-income adults have to go through struggling to get medical help but also newborns and children have to face the consequences of not being able to get care of them as well. Again, this has to be a problem fixed and we need to be discussing these issues more often.

I find it so interesting that the highest-income countries have the highest rate of obesity, health problems, diseases and etc. These people may have unhealthy working conditions when it comes to the amount of time being overworked, but they also don't lack the money to buy quality foods, a gym membership and any resources that require caring for one's health.

I think this is a significant problem in our society right now, the power imbalance of having the high-income nations having more resources and access to help and medical health. And those who aren't of high-income families end up getting the short end of the stick when it comes to receiving medical help because they don't have enough to get help. This is a serious matter that has to get fixed.

I dont feel like my perception of health has changed, even after the corona virus. Most of the individuals that were affected by this and unfortunately passed away because of it were elders with already existing medical problems. The pandemic caused a strain on those problems and faced the consequences. But even now, people still need to be wary of what they have and how they take care of themselves, especially around elders who are already facing illness. It's as simple as being careful with your health and to take into consideration who you risk around you if you dont.

I feel like the communication towards protocols such as wearing mask, staying 6 feet away and etc we're all not taken into consideration carefully enough and precisely. There were still so many people who failed to obey these rules and were not punished for it.

The combination of targeted chromatin editors and quantitative modeling provides a compelling framework for dissecting how DNA methylation and H3K9me3 cooperate to enforce transgene silencing. The work makes a strong case that DNA methylation is the primary heritable silencing mark in hiPSCs and that TET1-based demethylation can act as a modular anti-silencing tool.

I have a few questions about the CHO vs hiPSC comparison and the generality of the proposed feedback loop:

The key contrast hinges on KRAB installing H3K9me3 with or without subsequent DNA methylation. It’s hard to tell whether the absence of a feedback loop in CHO reflects a cell-type effect, a species effect, or CHO-specific epigenetic drift. Have you tested KRAB-mediated silencing and methylation in any additional mammalian cell types (such as human somatic lines or another rodent line), or mined existing datasets to see whether H3K9me3–DNMT3A coupling is generally weaker outside pluripotent cells?

You show that DNMT3A recruitment produces stable silencing and that TET1 can collapse both DNA methylation and H3K9me3 at the reporter. This is a powerful tool regardless, but it would be interesting to know whether the same bistable logic applies to endogenous loci. Have you examined KRAB- or DNMT3A-targeted repression at endogenous promoters, or compared H3K9me3 and DNA methylation dynamics at native loci in the same cells?

Memo from the Ethics Committee

The Program Committee experienced what its members describe as having their charge and role "ignored by the office." As documented in their memo to the Board, crucial information about the review process was withheld for more than ten months. After a data mishap originating with the office (not the committee), the PC offered in good faith to create a fresh program despite considerable inconvenience. In response, the office imposed new rules without meaningful consultation and undermined the committee's decisions. The PC states: "The program for the 2025 AMS annual meeting does not reflect the vision, work, or insight of the program committee... [It] represents less than 15% of the work that the PC did." Committee members report that "the Office had expected that the PC would rubber-stamp the program decisions made by the Office staff."

Chairs that have resigned because of lack of cooperation, collaboration, and support:

• Andrew Chung, Paul Pisk Prize chair

• Christopher Campo-Bowen, AMS-50 Subcommittee Chair

• Candace Bailey, Eileen Southern Fund

* Laurie Stras, Accessibility Task Force and Board Membership

Financial concerns beyond governance issues have been raised by donors and members about the Society's financial stewardship. According to the Society's publicly available Form 990 tax filings, administrative expenses have grown at a rate that raises concern about organizational priorities: Total salaries increased from $207,191 in fiscal year 2020 to $572,779 in fiscal year 2024—a 176% increase over four years Salaries are projected to reach nearly $700,000 in the current fiscal year As a percentage of total expenses, salaries grew from 24% to 39% As a percentage of revenues, salaries grew from 14.9% to 38.7% This pattern of expenditure growth significantly outpacing revenue growth raises questions about financial sustainability and whether resources are being allocated in ways that best serve the Society's scholarly mission. We emphasize that these are publicly available figures that warrant transparent discussion with the membership about budgetary priorities and long-term financial planning. These are not isolated incidents. They represent a systematic pattern of centralized decision-making that bypasses member-elected bodies and volunteer committees, operates without adequate transparency, and concentrates authority in ways that contradict the collaborative, member-driven governance structure our Society requires.

The Ethics Committee was established in 2020-2021 with the explicit approval of the membership to provide mechanisms for members to convey ethics concerns independently of direct Board oversight, reporting to Council as well as the Board to ensure confidentiality and protect individual members. However, as detailed in the Ethics Committee's memo to the Board, there has been a troubling discrepancy between the charge provided to the Committee and what the membership approved. The Committee states: "The discrepancy between the charge provided to the Incipient AMS-EC and our understanding of what the Membership had approved in 2020 and we had been elected to form in 2021 is still extremely troubling to us, as is the lack of transparency in that discrepancy not being made visible to the Membership or even to the Council." The Committee has now been proposed for dissolution with minimal explanation to the membership about why the structure approved by members cannot function as intended.

Link to petition. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PdfMKI1X09S1sJQqITGy3olP4DeiJo3W9gBdMeEXt5s/edit?usp=sharing]

Link to archive [https://amsaccountabilityarchive.carrd.co/#two]

Quite a remarkable result, also supported by the signal-to-noise ratios shown in Figure S7! Was there ever a consideration to combine spectra from all four experimental conditions as a means to find the upper-bounds of classification? Are there technical limitations/statistical legalities that prevent this? From a practical standpoint, collecting multiple spectra is a small price to pay if it leads to phenotypically distinguishable samples/strains/species.

Observation: This point in the article would make the slave trade easier as many restrictions came to an end. This would allow for people to transport slaves to and from Africa way easier and this would end all methods to slow the expansion of slavery. Context: This gave way for more slaves in America as there were previous limits and restrictions on the slave trade. This also helped southern slave owners by providing them with more ability to gain money and hurt northerners as there would be more competition to their factories in the north.

Observation: This article gave southern slave owners the right to freely transport their slaves through northern states without being denied transportation. This would allow for more views of slavery in the north and any states with their own slave laws. Context: This article was written because some/most northern states in the union at the time had their own slave laws. This would allow for the denial of transportation if they withheld slaves with them or, would hinder on the slave owners themselves.

Observation: This piece of legislation states that no person of member of the federal government has the power or the ability to abolish slavery in its all. Interpretation: This bill seems out of fear to northern Republicans as southern Democrats portrayed them as scary and wanting to take their slaves. Connection: This connects to the US Constitution as the draft is outlawed, and no member of the US Government has the ability to introduce a war draft unless voted upon by the government.

Observation: This is the Missouri comprise. With the addition of Missouri as a state in the union the northern Republicans at the time decided to try adding it as a free state. But southern Democrats did not like that, and they let Missouri decide. It eventually becomes a slave state, so northern Republicans added Maine to the union to balance the number of slaves to free states at 13-13. Southern democrats hatted this move and later added a law that prohibited any more slave states past Missouri's southern border. Interpretation: People from the north were afraid of southern slave expansion so they pulled out moves scene to southerners as dangerous and unfair. Connection: This connects to now in days with alliances like NATO and BRICS as the opposing alliances are scene and bad and evil, so both keep adding on to the alliance.

Reply to u/banksclaud at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1pf09vb/please_help_surprise_my_son/

Etsy can often have people flipping machines without having any work done, so be careful on what price you're paying for what you're getting. If it's over $350, it ought to fully serviced and have some sort of guarantee. Otherwise, find something at your local repair shop: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-repair.html

This question is asked so often, I've written up some good general advice which should apply to your child: https://boffosocko.com/2025/03/29/first-time-typewriter-purchases-with-specific-recommendations-for-writers/ For the age and your desire not to be bulky, go for a portable machine and not a larger standard or the more finnicky ultra-portables.

Some might opt for the brighter colored typewriters for kids for the "fun" factor, but I've found, having done a few type-ins with a huge variety of machines, that it's often the adults that are drawn to the colorful machines (which tend to be less well-built and plastic-y/cheaper) while kids will respond well to the older, duller vintage machines.

Here's a few 1950's advertisements directed at parents of kids just for fun: <br /> - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTrkDa-GuSI<br /> - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOIRul7pXDY

I am on the fence about this comment. I believe that if people are desperate, they will do whatever that can to get the marks. I also think some people are just lazy and will do whatever they can to get it over with

While a phone calculator makes math instantly accessible, the act of pulling it out and opening the app introduces an extra step that discourages people from actually using it. This reinforces the laziness in people and that convenience means everything.

Education is often framed as a gateway to “good” jobs, the stakes are undeniably higher. That difference helps explain why some might justify using AI to cheat in school. At times the pressure to succeed academically can outweigh concerns about authenticity. The analogy emphasizes that while we wouldn’t send a robot to lift weights for us at the gym, the temptation to let AI “do the work” in school feels stronger, precisely because the outcomes are more consequential.

I have been in this position before and it is so frustrating. I attended workshops about using AI for rubrics and I tried so many times and it would not highlight the learning outcomes of the assignment. At this point it took me longer to edit the AI produced rubric rather than creating it myself

The reference to Narcissus in Greek mythology emphasizes the danger of becoming enamored with one’s own reflection—whether literal or digital. The text critiques how LLMs are designed to flatter and anticipate user desires, which can create the illusion of profound, mind-like conversations. The annotation suggests that this effect is not genuine intelligence but rather a psychological mirroring mechanism that risks misleading users into attributing consciousness or depth to AI systems.

Note: This preprint has been reviewed by subject experts for Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.

Learn more at Review Commons

Referee #2

Evidence, reproducibility and clarity

In this manuscript the authors evaluate the role of Microtubule Associated Protein 7 (MAP7) in postnatal Sertoli cell development. The authors build two novel transgenic mouse lines (Map7-eGFP, Map7 knockout) which will be useful tools to the community. The transgenic mouse lines are used in paired advanced sequencing experiments and advanced imaging experiments to determine how Sertoli cell MAP7 is involved in the first wave of spermatogenesis. The authors identify MAP7 as an important regulator of Sertoli cell polarity and junction formation with loss of MAP7 disrupting intracellular microtubule and F-actin arrangement and Sertoli cell morphology. These structural issues impact the first wave of spermatogenesis causing a meiotic delay that limits round spermatid numbers. The authors also identify possible binding partners for MAP7, key among those MYH9.

The authors did a great job building a complex multi-modal project that addressed the question of MAP7 function from many angles. The is an excellent balance of using many advanced methods while still keeping the project narrowed, to use only tools to address the real questions. The lack of quality testing on the germ cells outside of TUNEL is disappointing, but the Conclusion section implies that this sort of work is being done currently so the omission in this manuscript is acceptable. However, there is an issue with the imaging portion of the work on MYH9. The conclusions from the MYH9 data is currently overstated, super-resolution imaging of Map7 knockouts with microtubule and F-actin stains, and imaging that uses MYH9 with either Map7-eGFP or anti-MAP7 are also needed to both support the MAP7-MYH9 interaction normally and lack of interaction with failure of MYH9 to localize to microtubules and F-actin in knockouts. Since a Leica SP8 was used for the imaging, using either Leica LIGHTNING or just higher magnification will likely be the easiest solution.

This manuscript is nicely organized with almost all of the results spelled out very clearly and almost always paired with figures that make compelling and convincing support for the conclusions. There are minor revision suggestions for improving the manuscript listed below. These include synching up Figure and Supplemental Figure reference mismatches. There are also many minor, but important, details that need to be added to the Methods section including many catalog numbers and some references.

• Some of the imaging, especially Fig4F could benefit and be more convincing with super-resolution imaging in the 150nm range (SIM, Airyscan, LIGHTNING, SoRa) possibly even just imaging with a higher magnification objective (60x or 100x)
• SuppFig1D: Please add context in the legend to the meaning of the Yellow Stars and "O->U" labels. The latter would seem to be to indicate the Ovarian and Uterine sides of the image
• Pg6Line7: ¿up to P23 or up to P35?
• SuppFig4B: ¿Does SuppFig4B reference back to Fig3B or Fig3C? If the latter please update this in the legend.
• Pg7Line21-23: ¿Is SuppFig3D,E meant to be referenced and not SuppFig5A,B?
• Pg8Line22-25: ¿Is SuppFig4A meant to be reference and not SuppFig5?
• Pg8Line34-Pg9Line: ¿Is SuppFig4B meant to be reference and not SuppFig5B?
• Pg9Line28-33: ¿Would the authors be willing to rework this figure to include images that more closely match the reported findings? The current version does not strongly support the idea that MYH9 fails to localize to microtubule and F-actin domains in Map7 knockout P17 seminiferous tubules. This could also just be a matter of acquiring these images at a higher magnification or with a lower-end (150nm range) super-resolution system (SIM, Airyscan, LIGHTNING, SoRa etc)
• SuppFig7A: The legend notes these are P23 samples but the image label says 8W. Please update this to whichever is the correct age.
• Pg16Line4-5: Please include in the text the vendor and catalog number for the C57BL/6 mice
• Pg16Line18-19: Please include in the text the catalog number for the DMEM
• Pg16Line19-20: Please include in the text the vendor and catalog number for the FBS
• Pg16Line20: Please include in the text the vendor and catalog number for the Pen-Strep
• Pg17Line6-12: Thank you for including organized and detailed information about the primers, please also define the PCR protocol used including temperatures, timing, and cycles for Map7 knockout genotyping
• Pg17Line20-27: Thank you for including organized and detailed information about the primers, please also define the PCR protocol used including temperatures, timing, and cycles for Map7-eGFP genotyping
• Pg17Line30: Please include in the text the vendor and catalog number for the Laemmli sample buffer
• Pg17Line32&SuppTable1: Thank you for including an organized and detailed table for the primary antibodies used, please also make either a similar table or expand the current table to include secondary antibody information
• Pg17Line32: Please note in the text which primary antibodies and secondary antibodies from Supp Table 1
• Pg18Line2: Please include in the text the vendor and catalog number for the Bouin's
• Pg18Line3: Please include in the text the catalog number for the CREST-coated glass slides
• Pg18Line7: Please include in the text the catalog number for the OCT compound
• Pg18Line11: Please include in the text the vendor and catalog number for the Donkey Serum
• Pg18Line11: Please include in the text the vendor and catalog number for the Goat Serum
• Pg18Line13: Thank you for including an organized and detailed table for the primary antibodies used, please also make either a similar table or expand the current table to include secondary antibody information
• Pg18Line18: Please include in the text the vendor and catalog number for the DAPI
• Pg18Line19: Please also include information about the objectives used including catalog numbers, detectors used (PMT vs HyD)
• Pg18Line23: Please cite in the text the reference paper for Fiji (Schindelin et al. 2012 Nature Methods PMID: 22743772) and note the version of Fiji used
• Pg18Line24: Please note the version of Aivia used
• Pg18Line25: If possible, please use a more robust and reliable system than Microsoft Excel to do statistics (Graphpad Prism, Stata, R, etc), if this is not possible please note the version of Microsoft Excel used
• Pg18Line25: Please cite in the text the reference paper for R (R Core Team 2021 R Foundation for Statistical Computing "R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing") and not ethe version of R used
• Pg18Line25: ¿Please clarify, was a R package called "AVNOVA" used to do ANOVA or is this a typo?
• Pg18Line25: Please note the specific R package with version used to do ANOVA, and cite in the text the reference for this package
• Pg18Line32: Please include in the text the catalog number for the EPON 812 Resin
• Pg19Line3: Please include the version number for Stacker Neo
• Pg19Line5: Please include the vendor and version number for Amira 2022
• Pg19Line5: Please include the version number for Microscopy Image Browser
• Pg19Line5: Please include the version number for MATLAB that was used to run Microscopy Image Browser
• Pg19Line: 9-10: Please include in the text the catalog number for the complete protease inhibitor
• Pg19Line14: Please include in the text the catalog number for the Magnetic Agarose Beads
• Pg19Line16: Please include in the text the catalog number for the GFP-Trap Magnetic Agarose Beads
• Pg19Line21: Please note in the text which primary antibodies and secondary antibodies from Supp Table 1
• Pg19Line21-22: Please include in the text the catalog number for the ECL Prime
• Pg20Line2: Please include the version number for Xcalibur
• Pg20Line5: Please cite in the text the reference paper for SWISS-PROT (Bairoch and Apweiler 1999 Nucleic Acid Research PMID: 9847139)
• Pg19Line26: Please include in the text the catalog number for the NuPAGE gels
• Pg19Line28: Please include in the text the catalog number for the SimpleBlue SafeStain
• Pg20Line26: Please include in the text the catalog number for the Chromium Singel Cell 3' Reagent Kits v3
• Pg21Line3: Please cite in the text the reference paper for R (R Core Team 2021 R Foundation for Statistical Computing "R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing")
• Pg21Line3 Please cite in the text the reference for RStudio (Posit team (2025). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. Posit Software, PBC, Boston, MA. URL http://www.posit.co/.)
• Pg21Line23: Please include the version number for Metascape
• SuppFig12: please update the legend to include a description after the title and update the figure labeling to correspond to the legend. Also, this figure is currently not referenced anywhere in the text.

Referee cross-commenting

I generally agree with Reviewer 1 and specifically concur related to adding details about fertility assessment of the Map7 Knockout line, and enhancing the SEM imaging.

Significance

There are mouse lines, and datasets that will be useful resources to the field. This work also advances our understanding of a period in Sertoli cell development that is critical to fertility but very understudied.

Note: This preprint has been reviewed by subject experts for Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.

Learn more at Review Commons

Referee #1

Evidence, reproducibility and clarity

Summary:

A previous study by Komada et al. demonstrated that MAP7 is expressed in both Sertoli and germ cells, and that Map7 gene-trap mutant mice display disrupted microtubule bundle formation in Sertoli cells, accompanied by defects in spermatid manchettes and germ cell loss. In the current study, Kikuchi et al. investigated the role of MAP7 in the formation of the Sertoli cell apical domain during the first wave of spermatogenesis. They generated a GFP-tagged MAP7 mouse line and demonstrated that the endogenous MAP7 protein localizes to the apical microtubules in Sertoli cells and to the manchette microtubules in step 9-11 spermatids. They also generated a new Map7 knockout (KO) mouse line in a genetic background distinct from the one used in the previous study. Focusing on stages before the emergence of step 9-11 spermatids, the authors aimed to isolate defects caused by the function of MAP7 in Sertoli cells. They report that loss of MAP7 impairs Sertoli cell polarity and apical domain formation, accompanied by the microtubule remodeling defect. Using the GFP-tagged MAP7 line, they performed immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and identified several MAP7-interacting proteins in the testis, including MYH9. They further observed that MAP7 deletion alters the distribution of MYH9. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the loss of MAP7 in Sertoli cells resulted in slight transcriptomic shifts but had no significant impact on their functional differentiation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis also showed delayed meiotic progression in the MAP7-deficient testis. Overall, while the study provides some interesting discoveries of early Sertoli cell defects in MAP7-deficient testes, some conclusions are premature and not fully supported by the presented data. The mechanistic investigations remain limited in depth.

Major comments:

• Although the infertility phenotype of the Map7 gene-trap mutant mice has been reported previously, it remains essential to assess fertility in this newly generated MAP7 knockout line. While the authors present testis size and histological differences between WT and KO mice (Extended Fig. 2e and 2f), there is no corresponding description or interpretation in the main text regarding fertility outcomes.
• In Figure 2C, the authors identified Sertoli cells, spermatogonia cells, and spermatocytes using SEM, based on their cell morphology and adhesion to the basement membrane. Given that the loss of MAP7 disrupts the polarity and architecture of Sertoli cells, the position of germ cells will be affected, making this identification criterion less reliable.
• In Figure 2e, the number of Sox9-positive Sertoli cells in MAP7 knockout mice appears higher than that in the control at P17. Quantification of total Sox9-positive cells should be done to determine whether MAP7 deletion increases Sertoli cell numbers.
• To determine whether MAP7's role in regulating Sertoli cell polarity relies on germ cells, the authors treated mice with busulfan at P28 to delete germ cells, a stage after Sertoli cell polarity defect has developed in MAP7 knockout mice. This data is insufficient to support the conclusion that MAP7 regulates Sertoli cell polarity independently of the presence of germ cells. Germ cell deletion should be done before the Sertoli cell defect develops to address this question.
• The resolution of the SEM images in Figure 3c is insufficient to evaluate tight and adherens junctions clearly. As such, these images do not convincingly support the claim that adherens junctions are absent in the KO testes.
• GFP-tagged reporter mice and HeLa cells were used for immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry to identify proteins that interact with MAP7. Given that the authors aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which MAP7 regulates Sertoli cell cytoskeleton organization, the rationale for including HeLa cells is unclear and should be better justified or reconsidered.
• The authors observed that MYH9, one of the MAP7-interacting proteins, does not colocalize with ectopic microtubule and F-actin structures in MAP7 KO testes and concluded that MAP7 facilitates the integration of microtubules and F-actin via interaction with NMII heavy chains. This conclusion is speculative and not adequately supported by the presented data.
• The authors used Spearman correlation coefficients to analyze six Sertoli cell clusters and generated a minimum spanning tree to infer differentiation trajectories. However, details on the method used for constructing the tree are lacking. Moreover, relying solely on Spearman correlation to define differentiation topology is oversimplified.

Minor comments:

• Several extended data figures are redundant with main figures and do not provide additional value (e.g., Fig. 2d vs. Extended Data Fig. 3a; Fig. 2f vs. Extended Data Fig. 3d; Fig. 2C vs. Extended Data Fig. 4b; Fig. 3d vs. Extended Data Fig. 4c). The authors should consolidate or remove duplicates.
• Figure citations in the main text do not consistently match figure content. For example, on page 7 (lines 5-6), the text refers to Extended Data Fig. 4a for SOX9 staining. Yet, it is the extended Data Fig. 3a that contains the relevant data. Similarly, the reference to Extended Data Fig. 4b and 4c on page 7 (lines 7-8) for adult defects is inaccurate.
• In Figure 2e, percentages of Sertoli cells across three layers are shown. The figure legend should specify which layer(s) show statistically significant differences between WT and KO.
• The current color scheme for F-actin and TUBB3 in Figure 3 lacks sufficient contrast. Adjusting to more distinguishable colors would improve readability.
• Since multiple scale bars with different units are present within the same figures, adding units directly above or beside each scale bar would improve readability.
• It is recommended to directly mark Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes on the SEM images in Figure 2C for clearer visualization.
• The quantification of Sertoli cell positioning shown in Fig. 2C is already described in the main text and is unnecessary in the figure.

Referee cross-commenting

I concur with Reviewer 2 that the Map7-eGFP mouse model is a valuable tool for the research community. I also agree that performing MAP7-MYH9 double immunofluorescence staining to demonstrate their colocalization would further strengthen the authors' conclusions regarding their interaction. My overall assessment of the manuscript remains unchanged: the study represents an incremental advance that extends previous findings on MAP7 function but provides limited new mechanistic insight.

Significance

This study investigates the role of the microtubule-associated protein MAP7 in Sertoli cell polarity and apical domain formation during early stages of spermatogenesis. Using GFP-tagged and MAP7 knockout mouse models, the authors show that MAP7 localizes to apical microtubules and is required for Sertoli cell cytoskeletal organization and germ cell development. While the study identifies early Sertoli cell defects and candidate MAP7-interacting proteins, the mechanistic insights remain limited, and several conclusions require stronger experimental support. Overall, the discovery represents an incremental advance that extends prior findings on MAP7 function, providing additional but modest insights into the role of MAP7 in cytoskeletal regulation in male reproduction.

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