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Socrates taught that truth was absolute and knowable and that a clear distinction should be made between dialectic, the question and answer method of obtaining the one correct answer, and rhetoric, which does not seem interested in the universal validity of the answer but only in its persuasiveness for the moment.

going to school to obtain a degree does not count as the equivalent of working and thus does not make a parent eligible for TANF payments

Neolithic Revolution

dyneines and kinesins

In a process known as phagocytosis

single membranes

two membranes,

Secondary active transport

Passive transport

passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

The key point is that Na2CrO4 (sodium chromate), Na2Cr2O7 (sodium dichromate), K2CrO4(potassium chromate), K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate), and CrO3 (chromium trioxide) are all alike in one crucial manner: when they are combined with aqueous acid, each of them forms H2CrO4, and ultimately it’s H2CrO4 which does the important chemistry. Unfortunately I rarely see this point explained in textbooks. I remember this causing some confusion for me when I took the course. The K or Na ions present are just spectators.

Hernan Cortés

Caribbean Islands, Hispaniola, and Cuba

A permutation i

Amazon

4 billion people live without internet

I had lots of books at home.

The EBSCO Ebook Collection, Films on Demand, and other specialized databases, the district pays about $285,000/year. On top of this, each college is afforded a local budget to purchase additional books and resources that are housed locally at the campus. Cosumnes River College has received about $75,000/year to acquire these additional resources, though our budget was cut this year because of the COVID-19 crisis and the financial impact it has had across the state.

There is a value placed on academic information (both monetary and societal value). And in academia especially, only a privileged few have access to certain types of scholarly writings.

I mentioned that academics have been pushing for more open access.

Students, even those in high school, enjoy information privileges that aren't afforded to the general public.

This leads directly to the value and privilege of information.

And in academia especially, only a privileged few have access to certain types of scholarly writings.

This is why librarians and your instructors are constantly asking you to take advantage of your academic privilege by using the library databases.

When you learn more about how the system is working, it can make you very angry with the publishers.

naked” gaseous ions are more stable the larger the associated R groups, probably because the larger R groups can stabilize the charge on the oxygen atom better than the smaller R groups. They do this by polarization of their bonding electrons, and the bigger the group, the more polarizable it is.

However, in the gas phase the order of acidity is reversed, and the equilibrium position for lies increasingly on the side of the alkoxide as R is changed from primary to secondary to tertiary, tert-butyl alcohol is therefore more acidic than ethanol in the gas phase.

The order of acidity of various liquid alcohols generally is water > primary > secondary > tertiary ROH. By this we mean that the equilibrium position for the proton-transfer reaction lies more on the side of ROH as R is changed from primary to secondary to tertiary; therefore, tert-butyl alcohol is considered less acidic than ethanol

Estudiante: Bueno, profesora, adiós. Profesora: Muy bien, hasta mañana.

Miguel: Pues… nos vemos. Paulino: ¡Chao, hasta luego!

Profesor: Profesora Hernández, le presento a mi estudiante Caspar. Caspar: Mucho gusto. Profesora: El gusto es mío.

Profesora: ¡Hola! Yo soy la Profesora Hernández. ¿Cómo se llama usted? Julio: Me llamo Julio García, soy estudiante en la clase. Profesora: Mucho gusto. Julio: Igualmente.

Ava: Hola, Jasmín. Te presento a mi amiga, Naíja. Jasmín: Mucho gusto. Naíja: Encantada. Ava: ¡Chao, nos vemos!

Juana: ¡Hola! Me llamo Juana. Y tú, ¿cómo te llamas? Sarita: Me llamo Sarita. Juana: Mucho gusto. (typically shaking hands) Sarita: Igualmente.

Juana: ¡Hola! Me llamo Juana. Y tú, ¿cómo te llamas? Sarita: Me llamo Sarita. Juana: Encantada. (typically shaking hands) Sarita: El gusto es mío.

7.

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540

Politics is not seen as a noble profession as in the moralistic culture

anabolism

substrates

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disjoint.

What is Literary Analysis?

Don't be afraid to write down any questions which bubble up as you read:

How might the language or diction of the text reflect cultural

dared

Works Cited

Keep track of any patterns

How to Perform Literary Analysis

what might subconscious slips indicate about meaning?

free speech,

cultural values

Shifting ideas about what constitutes obscenity, a kind of speech that is not legally protected by the First Amendment, is a good example of how cultural values impact mass communication—and of how those values change over time

Thanks to the First Amendment and subsequent statutes, the United States has some of the broadest protections on speech of any industrialized nation. We can see the value that American culture places on free speech.

“black box,

Jenkins breaks convergence down into five categories

Organic convergence is what happens when someone is watching television while chatting online and also listening to music—such multitasking seems like a natural outcome in a diverse media world.

Today’s media consumers still read newspapers, listen to radio, watch television, and get immersed in movies. The difference is that it’s now possible to do all those things and do all those things through one device—be it a personal computer or a smartphone—and through the medium of the Internet

the story of the lost cell phone would be a great introduction for a text on understanding media and cultur

Looking back over time, McLuhan found that people and societies were shaped by the dominant media of their time

Think of your typical day. If you are like many people, you wake to a digital alarm clock or perhaps your cell phone. Soon after waking, you likely have a routine that involves some media. Some people immediately check the cell phone for text messages. Others will turn on the computer and check Facebook, email, or websites.

The media and culture are so much a part of our days that sometimes it is difficult to step back and appreciate and apprehend their great impact on our lives.

Error is the difference between a single measurement or result and its expected value.

One approach for detecting a proportional determinate error is to analyze a standard that contains a known amount of analyte in a matrix similar to our samples.

sampling errors, method errors, measurement errors, and personal errors

Media stories about violent crime also tend to be more common when the accused offender is black and the victim is white and when the offender is a juvenile. This type of coverage is thought to heighten the public’s prejudice toward African Americans and to contribute to negative views about teenagers.

During the late 1800s, medical authorities and other experts warned women not to go to college for two reasons: they feared that the stress of college would disrupt women’s menstrual cycles, and they thought that women would not do well on exams while they were menstruating.

normal growth temperature is 37°C (human body temperature)

cosecant, tangent, and cotangent

Advertisements, bias, spin, and misinformation are all things to look out for.

In the past, one goal of education was to provide students with the information deemed necessary to successfully engage with the world. Students memorized multiplication tables, state capitals, famous poems, and notable dates. In today’s world, however, vast amounts of information are available at the click of a mouse.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) estimated that children aged 2 to 11 saw, on average, 25,629 television commercials a year, or more than 10,700 minutes of ads.

the ability to read and write

Popular culture is the media, products, and attitudes considered to be part of the mainstream of a given culture and the everyday life of common people.

In the 21st century, rabid fans could actually help decide the next pop stars through the reality television program American Idol. Derived from a British show, American Idol hit the airwaves in 2002 and became the only television program ever to earn the top spot in the Neilsen ratings for six seasons in a row, often averaging more than 30 million nightly viewers.

Another useful aspect of media is its ability to act as a public forum for the discussion of important issues. In newspapers or other periodicals, letters to the editor allow readers to respond to journalists, or voice their opinions on the issues of the day.

Until Johannes Gutenberg’s 15th-century invention of the movable type printing press, books were painstakingly handwritten, and no two copies were exactly the same. The printing press made the mass production of print media possible. Not only was it much cheaper to produce written material, but new transportation technologies also made it easier for texts to reach a wide audience.

In 2010, Americans could turn on their television and find 24-hour news channels, as well as music videos, nature documentaries, and reality shows about everything from hoarders to fashion models.

Postmodernists even mistrusted the idea of originality—the supposed arrogance of thinking one had a “new thought”—and freely borrowed across cultures and genres.

Modernism refers to the artistic movement of late-19th and early-20th centuries that arose out of the widespread changes that swept the world during that period. Most notably, modernism questioned the limitations of “traditional” forms of art and culture. Modernist art was in part a reaction against the Enlightenment’s certainty of progress and rationality.

Urbanization, mass literacy, and new forms of mass media contributed to a sense of mass culture that united people across regional, social, and cultural boundaries.

The early modern period began with Gutenberg’s invention of the movable type printing press in the late 15th century and ended in the late 18th century. Thanks to Gutenberg’s press, the European population of the early modern period saw rising literacy rates, which led to educational reform

For example, you may have had readings about the “Middle Ages,” a marker for European history from the 5th to 15th Century. In that era, technology and communication were in the hands of authorities like the king and church who could dictate what was “true.”

Culture and media exert influence on each other in subtle, complex ways.

Mass communication refers to a message transmitted to a large audience; the means of transmission is known as mass media. Many different kinds of mass media exist and have existed for centuries.

He said, culture is “an historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols, a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and their attitudes toward life” (1973, 89)

A medium is simply an instrument or means of transmission.

Mass communication is communication of, relating to, characteristic of, directed at, or attended by a large number of people. That’s pretty ugly. Let’s try the following: Mass communication refers to communication transmitted to large segments of the population.

By the time this happens, babies have learned much, through observation and practice, about our verbal communication and interaction patterns.

Looking back to our discussion of connotation, we can see how individuals play a role in how meaning and language are related, since we each bring our own emotional and experiential associations with a word that are often more meaningful than a dictionary definition

If a concept is abstract and the words used to define it are also abstract, then a definition may be useless. Have you ever been caught in a verbal maze as you look up an unfamiliar word, only to find that the definition contains more unfamiliar words?

Being aware of this indirect relationship between symbol and referent, we can try to compensate for it by getting clarification

C-H bond.

electrophilic reaction such as HX with an alkene will often yield more than one product

f) 1 (allylic carbocation – positive charge can be delocalized to a second carbon)

Distinguish among the five forms of communication.

As shown in the figure above, every other glucose monomer in cellulose is flipped over, and the monomers are packed tightly as extended, long chains. This gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength—which is so important to plant cells.

glycosidic bond

If the hydroxyl group is below C1 in the sugar, it is said to be in the alpha (α) position, and if it is above C1 in the sugar, it is said to be in the beta (β) position.

All steroids have four linked carbon rings.

carbohydrate

phospholipid bilayer forms as the basic structure of most cell membranes and are responsible for the dynamic nature of the plasma membrane.

The lipids arrange such that their polar groups are on the outside of the micelle, and the nonpolar tails are on the inside. Under other conditions, a lipid bilayer can also form

butter has a greater percentage of longer and saturated hydrocarbons in its triglycerides than does vegetable oil.

If the protein is subject to changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals, that change the nature of or interfere with the associations between functional groups, the protein's secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary structures may change, even though the primary structure remains the same. This process is known as denaturation

Glucose in a ring form can have two different arrangements of the hydroxyl group (OH) around the anomeric carbon

fructose (the second carbohydrate that with glucose makes up the disaccharide sucrose and is a common sugar found in fruit)

Each amino acid is attached to another amino acid by a covalent bond, known as a peptide bond, which is formed by a dehydration synthesis (condensation)

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, miRNA

Stakeholders are the individuals or groups to whom a business has a responsibility. The stakeholders of a business are its employees, its customers, the general public, and its investors.