A quantitative measurement is expressed with a specific numerical value. Qualitative observations
Quantitative = measurement with #'s Qualitative = descriptions
10,000 Matching Annotations
- Jan 2024
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geo.libretexts.org geo.libretexts.org
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hypothesis may be test
All hypothesis are falsifiable therefore must be tested before considered scientifically accurate.
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processes. Science is more than just a body of knowledge, science provides a means to evaluate and create new knowledge without bias [1]. Scientists use ob
One thing I am excited to learn about is Astronomy and volcanos due to the fact that the topic of learning about the cosmos and volcanos really interests me due to the way space and volcanos look although I know for a fact that both are extremely dangerous up close.
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An objective observation is without personal bias and the same by all individuals. Humans are biased by nature, so they cannot be completely objective; the goal is to be as unbiased as possible. A subjective observation is based on a person’s feelings and beliefs and is unique to that individual.
In this reading I learned that an objective bias is basically evidence that is not determined by personal preference. On the other hand, a subjective bias is a bias that is determined by what each person thinks of a subject.
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Establishing truth in science is difficult because all scientific claims are falsifiable, which means any initial hypothesis may be tested and proven false
This is the based definition of science in general terms.
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objective observation
This observation should be based on facts and evidence so it its can be unbiased.
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A subjective observation
This observation is based on ones feelings and opinions.
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Scientists tend to wait until a hypothesis is supported by an overwhelming amount of evidence from many independent researchers before accepting it as a scientific theory
They wait to have a lot of confirmation before accepting something.
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pseudoscience.
what is pseudoscience?
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hypothesis
hypothesis is when something is going to happen or not.
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Humans are biased by nature, so they cannot be completely objective; the goal is to be as unbiased as possible.
I understand how humans are biased by nature but it amazes me how direct this statement is and how others might not fully understand this concept.
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Astrologers rely on celestial observations, but their conclusions are not based on experimental evidence and their statements are not falsifiable. This is not to be confused with astronomy which is the scientific study of celestial bodies and the cosmos [2,3].
Why do the Astrologers rely on celestial observations and how do the celestial observations work?
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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Of the four theorists reviewed above (Freud, Erikson, Piaget, and Vygotsky) which theorist’s ideas about development most closely match your own beliefs about how people develop and why?
Piaget's theory of development closely aligns with my beliefs about how people develop their beliefs and emphasizes the importance of active engagement and interaction with the environment in shaping our understanding of the world similarly I believe that our beliefs are not simply inherited but upon us rather constructed through our experiences. traction and cognitive ptocess4s.
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How does the division of chores impact or not impact your household
the division of chores can impact my house dynamics as a 19nyearold living with my parents it's important to find a fair and balanced division of chores that works for everyone sharing the responsibility of daily chores can help create a sense of teamwork and lightening the load for everyone it can promote a sense of independent and responsibly for yiu you transition into the real world.
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Check-in Time! What is the main role you have in your family system? What boundaries do you have or wish you had?
contribution is a crucial role in my family. for instance, I help out with household chores and cooking for my family. as an adult living with my parents, I understand that there are bounders I need to respect if I don't follow the rules it could mean having to find my place, it's all about the balance between independence and respecting the rules that keep the family functioning smoothy.
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What chronosystem events have impacted your life so far?
my chronosytem experience that had a big impact on my life would have to be the access to quality education and the support of dedicated teachers that have been major factors in shaping my life. teachers have played such a crucial role in guiding and inspiring me throughout my education their dedication and passion have truly made a difference I'm grateful for the impact that they made on my life
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espanol.libretexts.org espanol.libretexts.org
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Acondicionamiento
Condicionado
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Vamos
Sea
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for
para
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una
"una" is not needed
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Pero por la propiedad Markov, esto se reduce a\ begin {align*}\ P (X_0 = x_0, X_1 = x_1,\ ldots, x_n = x_n) & =\ P (X_0 = x_0)\ P (X_1 = x_1\ mid X_0 = x_0 = _0)\ P (X_2 = x_2\ mediados X_1 = x_1)\ cdots\ P (X_n = x_n\ mediados X_ {n-1} = x_ {n-1})\\ & = f_0 (x_0) P (x_0, x_1) P (x_1, x_2)\ cdots P (x_ {n-1}, x_n)\ final {alinear*}
Pero por la propiedad Markov, esto se reduce a $$ \begin{align} P (X_0 = x_0, X_1 = x_1,\ldots, x_n = x_n) & =P (X_0 = x_0) P (X_1 = x_1\mid X_0 = x_0 = 0) P (X_2 = x_2\mid X_1 = x_1)\cdots P (X_n = x_n\mid X {n-1} = x_ {n-1})\ & = f_0 (x_0) P (x_0, x_1) P (x_1, x_2)\ cdots P (x_ {n-1}, x_n) \end{align} $$
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uno
uno is not needed
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eso
que
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infinte
infinito
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aquello
que
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eso
que
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geo.libretexts.org geo.libretexts.org
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No place on Earth is completely free of natural hazards, so one of the best ways people can protect themselves is by understanding the geology.
I wonder if this specific quote mean that an earthquake is possible in illinois
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When rocks are subjected to extreme increases in temperature or pressure, the mineral crystals are enlarged or altered into entirely new minerals with similar chemical makeup.
This is interesting would like to learn more about it.
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Geology plays a key role in how we use natural resources—any naturally occurring material that can be extracted from the Earth for economic gain. Our developed modern society, like all societies before it, is dependent on geologic resources. Geologists are involved in extracting fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum; metals such as copper, aluminum, and iron; and water resources in streams and underground reservoirs inside soil and rocks.
This is something that I found really important.
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Figure 1.5.121.5.12\PageIndex{12}: Geologic time scale showing time period names and ages. (Source: Belinda Madsen)
I am interested to learn more about this because I do not remember learning too much about this and it seems very complex.
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Earth System Science includes five basic systems (or spheres), the Geosphere (the solid body of the Earth), the Atmosphere (the gas envelope surrounding the Earth), the Hydrosphere(water in all its forms at and near the surface of the Earth), the Cryosphere (frozen water part of Earth), and the Biosphere (life on Earth in all its forms and interactions, including humankind)
I understand the Earth and science has a lot of parts and aspects to it, but I did not realize how many different things play into each others systems and ways of works.
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Resource extraction and usage impact our environment, which can negatively affect human health. For example, burning fossil fuels releases chemicals into the air that are unhealthy for humans, especially children. Mining activities can release toxic heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, into the soil and waterways. Our choices will have an effect on Earth’s environment for the foreseeable future. Understanding the remaining quantity, extractability, and renewability of geologic resources will help us better sustainably manage those resources.
So from my understanding of this paragraph, fossils are a very dangerous thing to the environment and humans. Also, mining activities can be very toxic to the environment.
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med.libretexts.org med.libretexts.org
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goals of the 2010
2025 Dietary Guidelines
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geo.libretexts.org geo.libretexts.org
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An early example of how Renaissance scientists began to apply a modern empirical approach is their study of the solar system
So did they have telescopes back then?
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Western scientific thought began in the ancient city of Athens, Greece [8]. Athens was governed as a democracy, which encouraged individuals to think independently, at a time when most civilizations were ruled by monarchies or military conquerors.
This is interesting, since it goes back to the Athens and Greece.
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A=B, and B=C, then A=C. Another example is if all birds have feathers, and a sparrow is a bird, then a sparrow must also have feathers. The problem with deductive reasoning is if the initial principle is flawed, the conclusion will inherit that flaw. Here is an example of a flawed initial principle leading to the wrong conclusion; if all animals that fly are birds, and bats also fly, then bats must also be birds.
Not everything will always be what you think even if it meets the requirements
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Both types of reasoning are important in science because they emphasize the two most important aspects of science: observation and inference.
what are both types of reasons that are important in science?
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Deductive
what is Deductive means?
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Deductive reasoning starts with generalized principles and logically extends them to new ideas or specific conclusions.
I think I had the hardest time grasping deductive and inductive reasoning.
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Both types of reasoning are important in science because they emphasize the two most important aspects of science: observation and inference.
I wonder why these wouldn't be considered the two MOST important aspects of Science.
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Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) was a German mathematician and astronomer who expanded on the heliocentric model—improving Copernicus’ original calculations and describing planetary motion as elliptical paths. Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642) was an Italian astronomer who used the newly developed telescope to observe the four largest moons of Jupiter [18]. This was the first piece of direct evidence to contradict the geocentric model since moons orbiting Jupiter could not also be orbiting Earth.
I did not know anything about this scientist before. I never knew who Johannes Kepler was before.
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geo.libretexts.org geo.libretexts.org
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Once the problem or question is well defined, the scientist proposes a possible answer, a hypothesis, before conducting an experiment or fieldwork. This hypothesis must be specific, falsifiable, and should be based on other scientific work. Geologists often develop multiple working hypotheses because they usually cannot impose strict experimental controls or have limited opportunities to visit a field location [5; 6; 7].
Their is a breakdown in creating your hypothesis. What exactly is the breakdown to making a hypothesis.
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In casual conversation, the word theory implies guesswork or speculation. In the language of science, an explanation or conclusion made in a theory carries much more weight because it is supported by experimental verification and widely accepted by the scientific community. After a hypothesis has been repeatedly tested for falsifiability through documented and independent studies, it eventually becomes accepted as a scientific theory.
How would someone come up with a theory without evidence?
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Modern science is based on the scientific method, a procedure that follows these steps: Formulate a question or observe a problem Apply objective experimentation and observation Analyze collected data and Interpret results Devise an evidence-based theory Submit findings to peer review and/or publication
These are the 5 steps for starting a experiment.
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After a hypothesis has been repeatedly tested for falsifiability through documented and independent studies, it eventually becomes accepted as a scientific theory.
How something becomes a scientific theory
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Modern science is based on the scientific method, a procedure that follows these steps:
Scientific Method
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Formulate a question or observe a problem Apply objective experimentation and observation Analyze collected data and Interpret results Devise an evidence-based theory Submit findings to peer review and/or publication
I feel this version of scientific method has changed or become more complex than what I remember from learning in school.
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Modern science is based on the scientific method, a procedure that follows these steps: Formulate a question or observe a problem Apply objective experimentation and observation Analyze collected data and Interpret results Devise an evidence-based theory Submit findings to peer review and/or publication
I wonder what was the previous scientific method that past scientists had to use in order to prove that their work was valid?
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Originating from the work of Charles Darwin in the mid-19th century, the theory of evolution has withstood generations of scientific testing for falsifiability.
Why was Charles Darwin's word considered the Original, wouldn't there have been some other scientist who had some similar idea?
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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The Sidekick
партнер
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precious
Драгоценный
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possess
уничтожить
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threat
Угроза
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root
болеть за героя
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Villain Trait
черта злодея
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overcome
Преодолевать, преодолеть
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obstacle
Препятствие
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entity
Организация
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derived
Производный
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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________
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Crayons
Un un crayon
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Clés
Deux en cles
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Téléphones
Un en Telephone
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Cahiers
Cinq en cagier
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Stylos
Quatre en stylos
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________
Comment dit-on "Grenouille" en algles
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________
Comment ecrit-on
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Qu'est -ce que ca signifie?
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Je ne sias pas
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________
Que signifie
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tous esemble
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Repetez, s'il vous plait
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________
Je ne comprends
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________
Comment dit-on "frog" en français
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geo.libretexts.org geo.libretexts.org
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Some groups of people argue that some established scientific theories are wrong, not based on their scientific merit but rather on the ideology of the group. This section focuses on how to identify evidence-based information and differentiate it from pseudoscience.
Does this happen a lot in the world?
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Science denial generally uses three false arguments. The first argument tries to undermine the credibility of the scientific conclusion by claiming the research methods are flawed or the theory is not universally accepted—the science is unsettled. The notion that scientific ideas are not absolute creates doubt for non-scientists; however, a lack of universal truths should not be confused with scientific uncertainty. Because science is based on falsifiability, scientists avoid claiming universal truths and use language that conveys uncertainty. This allows scientific ideas to change and evolve as more evidence is uncovered. The second argument claims the researchers are not objective and motivated by ideology or economic agenda. This is an ad hominem argument in which a person’s character is attacked instead of the merit of their argument. They claim results have been manipulated so researchers can justify asking for more funding. They claim that because the researchers are funded by a federal grant, they are using their results to lobby for expanded government regulation. The third argument is to demand a balanced view, equal time in media coverage and educational curricula, to engender the false illusion of two equally valid arguments. Science deniers frequently demand equal coverage of their proposals, even when there is little scientific evidence supporting their ideology. For example, science deniers might demand religious explanations to be taught as an alternative to the well-established theory of evolution [39; 40]. Or that all possible causes of climate change be discussed as equally probable, regardless of the body of evidence. Conclusions derived using the scientific method should not be confused with those based on ideologies.
Undermining scientific credibility, attacking researchers' motives, and demanding false balance, these are some of the key tactics in science denial. This shows the importance of understanding scientific uncertainty.
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geo.libretexts.org geo.libretexts.org
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uniformitarianism
What does this mean?
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Hutton realized if these processes formed rocks, then the Earth must be very old, possibly hundreds of millions of years old
Very important find
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One major contributor was Nicolaus Steno (1638-1686), a Danish priest who studied anatomy and geology. Steno was the first to propose the Earth’s surface could change over time. He suggested sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone and shale, originally formed in horizontal layers with the oldest on the bottom and progressively younger layers on top
Important
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were formed by great catastrophic events.
what are the great catastrophic events?
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principle of uniformitarianism
what is principle of uniformitarianism?
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the laws of nature are uniform across space and time. Geologists often state that “the present is the key to the past,” meaning they can understand ancient rocks by studying modern geologic processes.
How is it that "The present is the key to the past" if in the past something terrible could've happened like a volcano erupted and caused massive damage to the land around it? In that case wouldn't that essentially erase the past leaving only the cooled molten rocks in the present?
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principle of uniformitarianism
What is the principle of uniformitarianism?
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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interaction model is also less message focused and more interaction focused.
This is exactly the model of communication I want. More connection based than message based.
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well suited for describing the act of text messaging
The form of communication I am sure everyone uses everyday 24/7. I like texting but as of late I have been craving some real human interaction nd face to face communication.
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The first two models we will discuss,
Models of communication as well! I never knew communication ran so deep as to have 5 main groups of communication and models of communication. Completely mind-blowing.
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For example, there are certain communication rules and norms that apply to a supervisor-supervisee relationship that don’t apply to a brother-sister relationship and vice versa.
I believe this is accurate. When I get mad at my brother, I can punch him. When I am displeased with my manager, I can't punch her and retain my job.
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Psychological context includes the mental and emotional factors in a communication encounter. Stress, anxiety, and emotions are just some examples of psychological influences that can affect our communication.
In my current profession, psychological context plays a huge role in day to day interactions. In my time working in a veterinary emergency hospital, it was incredibly common to go from seeing a relatively healthy pet to an incredibly sick older pet who was reaching the end of their time. In one case, I needed to draw blood on a patient to address an issue to determine which medications would be safe to use for it's condition and right before going into the room with his owner, a family with two little girls brought in their very sick older dog who they were having to say goodbye to. The grief of those little girls saying goodbye to their best friend affected everyone in those rooms. Trying to keep a professional demeanor in front of the owner of the patient I was drawing blood on was impossible and when I looked up to apologize for my tears, he also had tears and stated he didn't see how one could not have tears listening to them tell her thankyou for letting them dress her up and have tea parties and lay on her. It made me consider in what circumstances makes nonverbal communication (like tears in reaction to another's pain) "unprofessional". In those instances, it seems like it's almost necessary to ensure another person that you are, in fact, human. And possibly reassure them that you have the capacity to have sympathy for them and their pet as well and maybe increase the chances of them trusting your ability to care for their pet as you would your own.
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The radio announcer doesn’t really know if you receive his or her message or not, but if the equipment is working and the channel is free of static, then there is a good chance that the message was successfully received.
I have sensory issues and sometimes my brain will block out a person’s words when I am auditorily overstimulated and this makes me think about the disconnection I experience and how it effects my auditory processing process. It’s similar to a channel full of static, only some things get through but mostly everything is a mess.
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In the beginning of a relationship there will be some sort of love bombing, and it may not be all the time but it will happen. You can try to ignore red flags in a person, but in the end they will always come back up as a problem when you tried to push it away in the beginning to choose a relationship over what you really stand for, it's sad but it happens to much, if you don't communicate what you like, don't like, your wants, and dreams. You could be wasting time with someone, communication is a big key in relationships
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. Although this seems like a perceptible and deliberate process, we alternate between the roles of sender and receiver very quickly and often without conscious thought
It's funny how we use this model in daily interactions and don't even think twice about it. For example I'm a server, so I greet and talk to my guests. Ask what they want to eat and drink. Talk to them about their day. Talk to coworkers, and you don't even think twice about the communication aspect of it. It's just another day at the office, so to speak.
Annotators
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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Some of the challenges of group communication relate to task-oriented interactions, such as deciding who will complete each part of a larger project.
I can relate to this very heavily. I was usually the person doing most of the work on projects and hated it. I remember for one specifically I did an entire 3 page paper explaining the project and made the model all by myself.
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The five main forms of communication
I think it is very cool that we as people can classify communication. I never would have thought that there was a specific kind of communication I was using in everyday life.
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Public communication becomes mass communication when it is transmitted to many people through print or electronic media. Print media such as newspapers and magazines continue to be an important channel for mass communication, although they have suffered much in the past decade due in part to the rise of electronic media.
Mass communication is at our fingertips. We can sit in our bedroom and post anything that comes to mind. As long as someone has a public account, their posts can easily gain traction. It's honestly kind of scary, because it's now easier to push harmful and/or hateful rhetoric. At the same time, we can use things like social media like a tool to stand against hateful rhetoric. We can use social media to encourage people to make a difference. Interpret that how you wish.
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One way to begin to manage anxiety toward public speaking is to begin to see connections between public speaking and other forms of communication with which we are more familiar and comfortable. Despite being formal, public speaking is very similar to the conversations that we have in our daily interactions.
This is very insightful. Many people struggle with Anxiety. I see this often in public spaces. Coming from a musical background and singing in front of audiences, public communication has been something that's usually been relatively easy for me. However, sometimes I do struggle, so this little blurb is a helpful reminder.
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The shy person in the earlier example probably internalized shyness as a part of her self-concept because other people associated her communication behaviors with shyness and may have even labeled her “shy” before she had a firm grasp on what that meant. We will discuss self-concept much more in the chapter titled “Communication and Perception”, which focuses on perception.
I mentioned perception in one of my previous annotations. I've always felt like in my personal life, this was an aspect of communication that often got overlooked by those around me. I feel like some people don't give much thought to how much of a role perception plays in how we communicate. I know this is something that gets addressed in an upcoming chapter, but it gives me some comfort to see it being talked about, because it's something I can apply to help work towards better communication in my personal life.
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Memory is the least studied of the five canons and refers to the techniques employed by speakers of that era to retain and then repeat large amounts of information.
At first, I was surprised reading this. I feel like I'm often reading articles or engaging in conversations that reference studies about memory. I personally think that memory plays a large role in how we communicate. From a psychological standpoint, memory feeds into perception, and how we perceive things feeds into how we relay information. Then again, I know that it can be difficult for some people to retain information. Having ADHD, I'm someone who sometimes struggles with retaining information. I've always asked myself why that issue is rarely addressed, and now I understand.
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James A. Winans, one of the first modern speech teachers and an advocate for teaching communication in higher education, said there were “two motives for learning to speak. Increasing one’s chance to succeed and increasing one’s power to serve” (Keith, 2008)
I really resonate with this. Speaking is the primary form of communication that us humans use in everyday life. Speaking is how we inform others of personal or large-scale issues. We as humans need to have a baseline understanding of that fact, and understand how to speak well in order to interact with society. To build upon the 2nd part of this statement, think of some of the most influential people. Most of them are influential because of their ability to speak, which in tern serves people.
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Memory is the least studied of the five canons and refers to the techniques employed by speakers of that era to retain and then repeat large amounts of information.
Why is memory the least studied? It seems very helpful considering that information retention is one of the hardest things about public speaking. Memorization techniques should be taught in high school communication classes. Everyone is different as well, meaning that everyone memorizes things differently.
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We also use intrapersonal communication or “self-talk” to let off steam, process emotions, think through something, or rehearse what we plan to say or do in the future.
I learned several years ago that one definition of intrapersonal communication can be our mental "tapes". My tapes are constantly running and I'm talking to myself almost continuosly. Sometimes in a positive and motivational track, others not so much. The idea that one can change their "tapes" and alter their perception of not only themselves, but their outlook on life in general has been a game changer. A big part of building my self confidence has been to alter what I tell myself about myself.
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I learned several years ago that one definition of intrapersonal communication can be our mental "tapes". My tapes are constantly running and I'm talking to myself almost continuosly. Sometimes in a positive and motivational track, others not so much. The idea that one can change their "tapes" and alter their perception of not only themselves, but their outlook on life in general has been a game changer.
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Our current period, the “Internet Era,” has only lasted from 1990 until the present.
I wonder what the next era we enter will be. In high school classes we have talked about this before. Another interesting topic that arises is the differences between the people born in different eras. I feel as though it reminds us of the impact technology has on the human lifestyle.
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Group communication is communication among three or more people interacting to achieve a shared goal. You have likely worked in groups in high school and college, and if you’re like most students, you didn’t enjoy it. Even though it can be frustrating, group work in an academic setting provides useful experience and preparation for group work in professional settings.
Group communication is an interesting topic to me because everyone has to do it at least once in your life. Everyone had group projects in high school like the text says. Some people do not do well in those situations. That is a lack of skill in communications. Everyone should work on some parts of their communication because how important it is. It is weird to notice how much something has been in your life. That's why communication classes are so useful for people. They become better speakers, friends, listeners, employees, students.
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Unlike other forms of communication, intrapersonal communication takes place only inside our heads. The other forms of communication must be perceived by someone else to count as communication. So what is the point of intrapersonal communication if no one else even sees it?
People communicate and run conversations in their head and how they want them to go. Intrapersonal communication can cause so much peace or so much pain. What we tell ourselves every day and when we are deciding what to do, stems from our interpersonal communication. Which can affect how mentally sound a person is. Communication drives every person and molds how they are.
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The five main forms of communication are intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public, and mass communication.
I learned about this in my high school speech class. I never realized how much went into communication. All of the little things we don't notice that go into communication. Words are and tones are just the surface level of communication. Lots of people that don't know about all of it. Communication is so complex.
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Today, we hear the word rhetoric used in negative ways. A politician, for example, may write off his or her opponent’s statements as “just rhetoric.” This leads us to believe that rhetoric refers to misleading, false, or unethical communication, which is not at all in keeping with the usage of the word by ancient or contemporary communication experts.
This was so interesting to read this part. I had always know of the word rhetoric but that's not quite why I thought this was interesting. As a society if enough people get on a bandwagon we can change the whole persona of a word. If people can do it with words then what else could people manipulate and twist to fit a definition, an opinion or even a person. I hope that makes sense.
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there have been more than 126 published definitions of communication (Dance & Larson, 1976).
It is mind boggling that there are more than 126 forms of communication. We use so many forms of communications daily without realizing. I'd be curious to find out how many exactly there are.
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Interpersonal communication builds, maintains, and ends our relationships, and we spend more time engaged in interpersonal communication than the other forms of communication
It makes sense that this is the most used form of communication. I have multiples different groups that I talk to daily for different things. A rugby group, gym group, friend group, work group, and family. I'd say that accouratly, it is the most common form of communication that I use.
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Public communication is a sender-focused form of communication in which one person is typically responsible for conveying information to an audience.
I truly despise public speaking, it is anxiety spiking. That being said, I do it all the time. As a coach I have to do it with my team mulitple times a day. As a waitress, I have to do it with my tables whenever I work. So, I truly don't mind public speaking as long as in my head I can convince myself that I'm not public speaking. Talking to my teams and to my tables feels natural to me now.
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Public communication becomes mass communication when it is transmitted to many people through print or electronic media. Print media such as newspapers and magazines continue to be an important channel for mass communication, although they have suffered much in the past decade due in part to the rise of electronic media
Mass communication is truly unaviodable. It's become so normalized and used in every day life that you barely realize it. It comes in the forms of weather alerts, social media, amber alerts, radia, books, tvs, and websites. Even if you liv off grid you still need to be able to see weather notifications and forecasts.
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trapersonal communication is communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking
When I read this and see that intrapersonal communication is the name for speaking with yourself, I feel like that's really interesting to know this whole time that's what I was doing. Not in a weird way, but we all speak to ourselves. I am always trying to cheer myself on, or when I wake up in the morning when I want to lay in bed longer than I should. Talking to ourselves is just a normal thing. And I fell like I'm doing it now, as I write this
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which only lasted 140 years, from 1850 to 1990, and was marked by the invention of radio, telegraph, telephone, and television. Our current period, the “Internet Era,” has only lasted from 1990 until the present.
Reading this paragraph made me realize I'm out of touch with reality. It stuck with me because there are still people in the world that don't have access to cellphones & the internet. Where I get frustrated if I have to wait more than a couple seconds for a tie Tok video to load. Even my own grandparents are learning and adapting to the "internet Era."Where as kids in my generation it seems to be a second nature.
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While rhetoric does refer primarily to persuasive communication messages, much of the writing and teaching about rhetoric conveys the importance of being an ethical rhetor, or communicator. So when a communicator, such as a politician, speaks in misleading, vague, or dishonest ways, he or she isn’t using rhetoric; he or she is being an unethical speaker.
I took writing and rhetoric last semester and it was interesting to see what the word truly means. I think it's funny how people can take one word that means something and turn it into a word that means something completely different. You see it all the time with younger kids and their "slang". Like if they like something they say that's gas, or it slaps. When those are already words that mean something completly different.
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Talking Culture” during the “Talking Era.” During this 150,000 year period of human existence, ranging from 180,000 BCE to 3500 BCE, talking was the only medium of communication, aside from gestures, that humans had (Poe, 2011).
I didn't realize there was a period called the "talking Era". Its interesting to learn how other people communicated before words were really a thing. I have always wondered who made up words and the significance behind them. I just didn't realize it took thousands of years.
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Some scholars speculate that humans’ first words were onomatopoetic. You may remember from your English classes that onomatopoeia refers to words that sound like that to which they refer—words like boing, drip, gurgle, swoosh, and whack.
What is crazy to me is that this is where we started as a species. We started with noises and then just went from there. Imagine going from "boing" to "Oh, I whacked my brother on the head." We have come so far and now are advanced that it makes me interested in where languages and communication will be in 1,000 years.
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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yes i am because im kinda smart and i can do anything i set my mind to
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getting all the school work done and still having free time
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i'm honestly not sure because in taking dual credits then i plan to go to a trade school so whatever is required i guess
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i plan to be in college for 5-6 years depending on what i do
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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In the Upper Midwest, “pop” is common, but other areas of the country have their own terms, such as “soft drink,” “soda,” or “coke.”
When I moved to Houston, TX from Detroit, MI, I used the term pop in reference to what is called soda here in Texas. Everyone looked at me, like what do you mean? Confused? I used non-verbal communication, pointing at the "soda" and they new then what I meant. I was even asked why I referred to this soft drink as "pop". I explained up North we use that term more so than the term soda.
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As a child, many have played the game, “telephone.” In this game, the children sit in a row, and the first child says something to the second child, who then shares it with the third child, and so on until it reaches the last child. Typically, the story the last child hears is quite different than the story as it began. Note each time it went from one child to another, the story was re-translated according to each child’s understanding of language. Just like the communication process, every time the message is translated it is changed, so misunderstandings are very common.
I think the game "telephone" is played throughout life. In school and work, and with personal life. You tell a family member a story of something that happened. By the time its gets around to the last receiver, that last receiver translates the "story" to you with questions and it's not the story you originally shared.
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As human organisms, we have limits as to what we can experience through our senses. Given these limitations, we can never experience “all” of what is “out there” to experience…. To the degree that our reactions and responses to all forms of stimuli are automatic, or conditioned, we copy animals, like Pavlov’s dog. To the degree that our reactions and responses are more controlled, delayed, or conditional to the given situation, we exhibit our uniquely-human capabilities (Institute of General Semantics, 2012a).
I believe to an extent our responses are a bit more controlled. but that our reactions and responses are very similar to animals. For instance, if I'm at the grocery store in the check-out line, when I see a group of people in panic and running towards the exit doors. I will run towards to the exit doors as well, without trying to figure out why they're, we're running. I won't stop and think about what danger is near or coming. I'll just run.
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bio.libretexts.org bio.libretexts.org
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q
long arm
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p
short arm
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cytogenetics
the study of inheritance in relation to the structure and function of chromosomes.
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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There is no single route to answering a question or explaining an observation, and describe or predict some facet of the natural world. What does this question means? I don't understand it.
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What does earth, air, fire, and water have to do in chemistry? Chinese and The Eastern Mediterranean and Egypt person have transform "base metals" such as lead and "noble metals" like gold to create cures for there people. How did them do that, what was there evolution to make this cure for there people work? How is it possible to create a cure with lead and gold? What were the chemicals they used? Why does everything revolves around Chemistry? Why people put Chemistry first and not Biology?
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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All symbolic communication is learned, negotiated, and dynamic. We know that the letters b-o-o-k refer to a bound object with multiple written pages. We also know that the letters t-r-u-c-k refer to a vehicle with a bed in the back for hauling things. But if we learned in school that the letters t-r-u-c-k referred to a bound object with written pages and b-o-o-k referred to a vehicle with a bed in the back, then that would make just as much sense, because the letters don’t actually refer to the object and the word itself only has the meaning that we assign to it.
I often think about this with different words. For example: a family friend had a friend who taught their very young child that yes was no and no was yes. It sounds funny, but I can only image the confusion that caused that poor kid as it grew and learned more advanced communication skills.
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Communication allows us to present ourselves to others in particular ways.
When I got to this part of the chapter I thought of the different ways people communicate to present and express themselves. We can do so musically, artistically, vocally, and non verbally. Roles also play a part in how we present ourselves to others, when a woman gives birth she is expected to rid herself of any thoughts or actions that aren’t motherly. How does this person present themselves? What makes them do so?
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A research study found that spouses of suicide or accidental death victims who did not communicate about the death with their friends were more likely to have health problems such as weight change and headaches than those who did talk with friends (Greene, Derlega, & Mathews, 2006).
This cannot be healthy at all to hold stuff in, especially if you lost someone. Please make sure you find someone to talk to, whether it be a therapist, a friend, grief counseling, or even write in a journal. Holding all the pent up emotions during a stressful time can do harm on your body and mind, I love self help books and they have a book for everything. That can always be another option, but please just let your emotions out and communicate with someone
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Communication is very important, and we really have to be careful who we're talking to and watch what we say how we say something. Words hurt, and some things we can never take back. When people ask to start over it's because they know something got messed up along the way, whether it be them or you. and just like the text says, it's irreversible most times, your mind will be made up and communication can stop after that
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I love how the conversation says, "generic greeting response" and "generic question"! It's pretty funny and it does make you wonder why we do this? But in the end, maybe we just want to talk to someone, even if it is a "hello" or just to talk about the weather. Sometimes when I'm feeling in a talkative mood I will strike up conversations with random people, and some will respond to me and others will just smile and ignore me.
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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Cultural variables such as race and nationality also affect competence.
The negative connotation with being a non-native English speaker is fascinating. There is a difference between being comfortable speaking a language and confident and competence. The example of the Taiwanese woman was a little weird considering anyone who doesn’t comfortably speak a language would be considered incompetent. Many of my family members speak in broken English and I have witnessed them be belittled because of their tone.
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that people do not always listen actively, and that people often do not speak up when they are unsure of instructions for fear of appearing incompetent or embarrassing themselves.
This reminds me of talking to my kids. I have to have them repeat everything I tell them, Otherwise they will say I don't remember that, or I didn't know what you meant.
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Becoming a more mindful communicator has many benefits, including achieving communication goals, detecting deception, avoiding stereotypes, and reducing conflict.
Becoming a more mindful communicator sounds a lot like being a mediator. Or like a family therapist.
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bio.libretexts.org bio.libretexts.org
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pKa
The pKa value is a number that indicates the strength or weakness of an acid
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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AB 1703 passed in 2022 in California to establish the California Indian Education Act and encourages school districts, county offices of education, and charter schools to form California Indian Education Task Forces with California tribes local to their regions or tribes historically located in the region, in order to develop model curricula related to Native American studies.
Wow that wasn't long ago.
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cholars sometimes associated with Chicanx and Latinx studies are Rudy Acuña, Sonia E. Alvarez, Gloria Anzaldúa, Yarimar Bonilla, Antonia Castañeda, Teresa Córdova, Adelaida Del Castillo, Juan Flores, Juan Gómez-Quiñones, Elizabeth “Betita” Martinez, Walter Mingolo, David Montejano, Cherríe Moraga, Sylvia Morales, Carlos Muñoz, Ana NietoGómez, Chon A. Noriega, Mary Pardo, Américo Paredes, Emma Pérez, Beatriz Pesquera, Aníbal Quijano, Adela Sosa Ridell, Mérida M. Rúa, Vicki L. Ruiz, Chela Sandoval, Rosaura Sanchez, Carmen Teresa Whalen, and Patricia Zavella, among others.
Important peeps
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Missions disrupted Native American families and prevented family formation and transmission of cultural knowledge.
Why did it do that?
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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The “x” is used to disrupt the often rigid gender binarist approach to telling history.
I was wondering why that was
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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The position of a photon of light is simply its wavelength
Is this the actual intent here? I thought position was described by a probability.
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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Orientalism
Meaning: Someone who studies the language, culture, history, or customs of countries.
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Eurocentrism
Meaning: The fact of seeing things from the point of view of Europe or European people.
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study
Reflects and shapes the values of cultures
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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once, to get the gist. Once, for deep understanding. And, lastly, once for deep analysis. Literary critics often read the same texts many more times! Don't be afraid to read as many times as you need
Making sure to reread and make sure you get everything you need.
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what
Close reading.
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analysis
Close reading.
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philosophical
Somethings you would ask yourself.
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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answering
If you are able to answer the first questions to the first steps then you can go more into detail about some of the other questions.
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actions
Some questions you can ask your self while following the steps and writing the paper, essay, or article.
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examine
Steps and how to go about the steps to get them completed correctly.
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you likely do the same thing. Have you ever read anything and sympathized with or hated a character? If so, you've already taken your first step in responding to literature.
First step into responding to literature
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has
You can always add something to a book to give more or add something someone did not.
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express
What writing about literature might help you with.
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depression
Benefits of Literature.
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math.libretexts.org math.libretexts.org
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phys.libretexts.org phys.libretexts.org
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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the channel is what we see, hear, touch, smell and perhaps what we taste.
face to face connection
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lean forward in their seats, nod their heads, have positive or neutral facial expressions, and provide favorable vocal cues
nonverbal cues
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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The
A straight line of communication, leading from sender directly to the receiver.
The model focuses on the sender and messages within a communication encounter.
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