7,931 Matching Annotations
  1. Jun 2018
    1. build great confidence in new readers

      Building confidence in students when it comes to reading is very important. Not only will students learn to read better, they will also enjoy reading.

    2. Prose books and comics are challenged for the same reasons,” Brownstein says. “Content addressing the facts of life about growing up, like sexuality, sexual orientation, race issues, challenging authority, and drug and alcohol use are causes for challenges. [Profanity] is often a factor,” as is violence.

      These are difficult subjects to introduce to children. Age and maturity level play a huge factor in "the right time" to introduce these subjects.

    1. pedagogical

      The method and practice of teaching

    2. youth prepare for a “performance of possibilities”(Madison,2005) as they share their writing publicly; that is, they use classroom forums, micro-phones, and stages as a way to (re)present themselves to the world

      I think it is interesting that Winn uses the term "performance of possibilities". Reading your written work outlaid, especially for struggling readers and writers can possibly feel challenging. However, I think this is a great approach to broadening the students thinking of their own work, as well as the critique and comments of other students works in search of who they are as a writer and their ultimate goals

  2. Apr 2018
    1. let's just look at why the Earth orbits the sun. it's because it's just gradually being pulled around by the gravity of the sun. you know,

      Interesting

    1. With globalization, Taiwanese farmers are forced to compete with cheap agricultural goods from China and Southeast Asia. And although Taiwan has a strong organic and local food movement, it’s easy to imagine why farmers might feel fearful of the trend toward globalization. Exhibitions at the Southern Branch serve at least two important functions: to educate viewers about other cultures, and to reveal that cultural purity is a myth.

      The globalization is a important way for Chinese farmers although they don't like it.

  3. Mar 2018
  4. Feb 2018
  5. jaredgardner.org jaredgardner.org
    1. I find this line ironic when he states "I am waiting for the moment when someone asks me this questions and I am dead. I'm a little sorry I'll miss that". It is already bad enough when people ask those with chronic diseases how they are doing because everyone already knows the answer.

  6. Dec 2017
    1. If emotions and motivations are so central to learning design, perhaps we could implement a way to measure learners' emotions during the learning process via computer. For example, we could use webcam to measure their facial expression and adapt learning according. If we detect that the students is frustrated, we could provide more support, etc.

    1. People are just foolish and believe what they want to believe. They weretalking behind my back, accusing me of being a witch, pointing at me, andspreading all kinds of gossip. But all of this was just a plan by mybrother-in-law and his wife to kick me off the shamba because they knewthere was not enough land to support all of us. Even if I agreed to marry [mybrother-in-law] he would not have taken me as his second wife because itwas not possible to support us, and [his first wife] would not have allowed itanyway. It was good for him to say I was a witch and that I gave myhusband AIDS. I lost everything in this way...the shamba just rotted awaybeneath my feet. [Juma’s mother, November

      One of the many culture-specific aspects of violence done to Juma is the patriarchal ideology this society seems to reside on. We see this occur over the ownership dispute of the shamba between Juma’s mother and uncle. In this passage, we see Juma’s mother’s account of her lifeworld crumbling once a man had accused her of infecting Juma’s father with AIDs and thereby killing him. It’s quite evident that women do not have equal standing in this society – especially when, as the study progresses, Juma’s mother becomes dependent and really has no other choice but to be dependent on a string of multiple “boyfriends” to be able to get some money. And we expect this kind of practice is not uncommon, considering the potential jargon “professional prostitutes” – which is possibly used by women just like Juma’s mother who try to cope with their awful situation.

      This bias against women affects Juma because if his mother had an equal standing with a man, perhaps she wouldn’t have had her shamba taken away so easily like that – and maybe people wouldn’t have been so quick to turn against her over one baseless accusation. If the scenario occurred whereas they were able to live in that shamba, then Juma wouldn’t have had to turn to the streets and grow dependent on the streets for survival.

  7. Nov 2017
    1. And unlike public institutions (like the library), Google and Facebook have no transparent curation process by which the public can judge the credibility or legitimacy of the information they propagate.

      social media's downfall is that anyone can post their thoughts behind a hidden identity. Therefore the content becomes more misleading as the responses are not often taken under deep thought. These thoughts would be weighed heavier when a person said these things physically.

    1. Populous, developing countries like Vietnam are where the company is looking to add its next billion customers — and to bolster its ad business.

      expanding the network into a whole new country poses a great opportunity to generate more business. There isn't a major social presence which plays into Facebook's advantage.

    1. La tradición textual Presentación La Parte IX El autógrafo El manuscrito de memorión Las sueltas El manuscrito de Parma Tipología de las variantes Errores Otras características Conclusiones Ediciones modernas La edición crítica Criterios de edición Texto crítico(pdf) Apéndice lingüístico

      Figura aquí la respuesta II respecto de la tradicción al texto y la metodología del editor

    2. La obra Presentación Argumento Versificación Segmentación

      Aquí figura la información sobre el contenido y argumento de la obra.

  8. Oct 2017
    1. His mother is a very anxious woman, very very anxious....

      When Rabbi Dov talks about Yosef’s mother, he presents a possible embodied experience made by Yosef being raised by his “anxious” mother. For the rest of Rabbi Dov’s dialogue, he describes Yosef’s unorthodox and introverted behavior – including features like not having his hair trimmed, not wearing a hat, not wearing the cloak, and just overall the seemingly lost disposition Yosef carried as he developed. A good way of thinking about the concept of embodiment is the “social body.” The body that is influenced by the culture we are raised in or by the role models we situate ourselves by. In this case, since it seems like Yosef was constantly being pestered by his mother due to her anxious nature, he might’ve adopted that kind of behavior and grew to be how he is today. He embodied her mannerisms and insecurity and transferred it to himself – now it affects his behavior as a disciple or a follower of this religion and, Rabbi Dov believes, it is the reason why he is so obsessed with the “woman,” even when there is no logical way that he could’ve helped that woman survive.

    1. to try to understand what is human by nature and what is human by social convention. It is always risky to think one under­stands the true intentions of great t

      If humans were just Human by nature, in America we would probably be a dictatorship. Minorities would be killed left and right and the impoverished would die of malnutrition.

    2. Rousseau was brilliantly correct in certain of his observations, such as his view that human inequality had its origins in the development of met­allurgy, agriculture, and, above all, private property.

      Rousseau’s evaluation was a success and his observations were correct about the evolution of human behavior.

    3. He talks about man's perfectibility, and speculates on how human thoughts, passions, and behavior have evolved over time.

      Rousseau’s intention and purpose was to evaluate and see how humans behavior has evolved,

    4. they are also timid, fearful, and more likely to flee one another than to fight.

      According to Rousseau humans are shy, scared, and will run from each other than fight each other.

    5. Unregulated liberty in the state of nature leads to the state of war, necessitating, as for Hobbes, a social contract for the preservation of natural liberty and property.

      When laws or regulations are not set into place then that leads to war and Hobbes doesn’t follow any rules.

    6. solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short

      I agree that humans would probably be like this. Even now it is clearly apparent that with laws human can be monsters, so without any laws I think our state of nature would be to survive at all cost and to do that humans would have a violent state of Nature as Hobbes has said.

    7. state of nature

      State of Nature is the basic instincts of humans. It asks the question what would be do it we weren’t governed(what did we do before we were governed) and why do we let ourselves be governed. Finding Mans State of Nature helps to understand justice and political order because it allows us to see the basic reason for needing a government and how it caters to Mans State of Nature.

    8. Plato and Aristotle argued that a just city had to exist in conformity with man's permanent nature and not what was ephemeral and changing.

      Shows some of the earliest belief on what it takes to create a thriving politically correct society

    9. Everything that modern biology and anthropology tell us about the state of nature suggests the opposite: there was never a period in human evolution when human beings existed as isolated individuals

      Show that while some believe humans were only driven by primitive things, there is proof that humans were always socially adept.

    10. Mutual human dependence comes about almost accidentally, as a result of technological innovations like agriculture that require greater cooperation.

      Explains how and why societies and mutual dependence is created.

    11. Savage man's ''desires never extend beyond his physical wants; he knows no goods but food, a female, and rest"; he fears pain and hunger but not the abstraction of death

      This shows the basic human drives which changed forming mutual human dependence

    12. Aristotle differed from Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau in one critical respect.

      All human being are political by nature, while modern philosophers human are not born socially inclined

    1. communication

      We talk a lot and some of us are excellent speakers.

    2. but I think the stereotype is wrong—dead wrong.

      This stereotype is wrong because we are some of the best workers.

    3. Give a millennial employee a research assignment on your competitors and you’ll get the project back in 24 hours. Twenty years ago the same project might have taken a month to complete

      Millennials are more efficient in todays times

    4. They’ve been encouraged to follow their dreams and passions

      well paying jobs now a days are scarce so it's only right to strive for the best and follow your dreams.

    5. 1950s

      People who are quick to judge teens and young adults are often stuck in the past. Stuck in their ways.

    6. So where some see entitlement, I see greater authenticity and audacity. Millennials will shoot for the stars—and if they fall down, they’ll get right back up and try it a different way.

      While there is a sense of entitlement with the milleniall generation, there also comes a resilience different from former generations that allows this generation to bounce back from any failure and try again until their goal is reached.

    7. which is a huge plus for companies that are spread out globally and interact primarily in a virtual environment.

      The way generation X communicates through social media helps companies market that are international

    1. Fukuyama is being modest, if not disingenuous.

      He is being modest about the origins of "The Origins"

    2. By chance, these three elements were united for the first time in Britain, although other northwestern European countries that were influenced by the Reformation, like the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden
    3. epistemological

      Justifications that were wrong

    4. Some readers, however, may think that Fukuyama goes too far in de-emphasizing the natural rights tradition that inspired the Renaissance and Enlightenment liberalism. Here Fukuyama’s historicism and his insistence that ideas themselves shape political order are arguably at odds

      fukuyama takes way from the importance of the renaissance and enlightenment period

    5. Human

      Fukuyama explores the interactions of human beings in the past and dispells myths about interactions only consisting of violence and ignorance.

    6. How come, out of all the countries in the world, those places have been the most successful and lucrative in aspects of government, academics, and economics?

    7. How did he qualify his argument

  9. Sep 2017
    1. Harrison Bergeron was the son of Hazel and George Bergeron. He was astoundingly smart and an incredible athlete. He was also highly feared and uncontrollable.

  10. blogs.baruch.cuny.edu blogs.baruch.cuny.edu
    1. We present a case studythat illustrates challenges and potential solutions tomaximize data validity and describe these behaviorsand experiences as closely as possible.

      The main point of this article is to emphasize the "challenges and potential solutions" in quantitative and qualitative research. Therefore, in this case, the authors wants to understand, as dictated further in the paragraph, why and how data collection may contrast in research. In this article, they will be approaching the case study of young Swazi women with the goal of trying to understand the sociological reason and effects behind a researcher's behavior and interpretation of their own data.

      I believe it's essential for researchers to understand why they interpret their data in a certain manner because it adds some basis in their interpretation- because they have this kind of paradigm, they interpret the information in this manner. When we understand why a person views their data in a certain light, we might also be able to view the data they've collected in a more 'objective' light by diverging away from the researcher's paradigm and considering different ideologies. In this manner we will be able to see and understand why certain research results or data collection may differ from one another.

  11. Aug 2017
    1. The capacity of game environments to produce spatially complex structures as well as respond to players’ location within them helps to generate what Calleja (2011) calls “spatial involvementȄ in the space of the image, whereby movement and navigation rešuire effort and skill. This effort and skill then produce a sense of exploration: ȃwhen a player plots a route through a geographical expanse and then navigates it, it is more likely that she will feel a sense of habitation within the game environment” (

      By perfecting the space involved in video games, it helps make the game more realistic for the player. Once the player becomes experienced with the navigational aspects of the game, then they begin to feel as if they are actually in the game.

    2. a geometric understanding of screen space assumes that space is a property of the screen and that different forms of space are dependent on how geometry and graphical lines are presented on the screen. Space is therefore a bounded property of the distance between the lines and polygons that delimit the edges of the game environment and serves to separate and partition how and where the player can move within this space through the joining of straight lines and polygons.

      The created spaces in video games are made in order for the game to become an actual reality for the players.

    3. This chapter has examined various ways of conceptualizing video-game space and place. It has argued that what makes video-game spaces and places unique is that, as digital simulations, video games are possibility spaces – spaces of potential opened up between the rules that limit players’ actions and the freedom that is available within these spaces.

      Video games have opened up an alternate reality for the players. For example, video games can place a player in the middle of a combat zone without the player being in the military in real life.

    4. representations of people and places. As a number of writers are now highlighting, there is a clear representational politics to video-game images and how they shape the geographical imagination of users. This politics has two clearly identifiable strands: representations of conĚict and militarism and representations of human identity.

      There are types of stereotypes that are involved in video games. For example, in video games about the military, there is much violence and blood shed. When, in reality, violence and blood shed are not the only aspects of the military. Video games have a way of glamorizing not-so-glamorous things.

    1. Sometimes the view is from outside looking in, but more common, as in this photograph, is the interior view showing the world beyond.

      An image has more meaning then just what is seen by the eye. Usually there is a deeper meaning hidden inside of an image.

    2. rough photographs, the world was ȃmade familiarȄ and ȃbrought in intense reality to our very hearthsȄ (

      With the invention of photography, people were now able to see places and things they had never seen in real life. Seeing foreign lands became a reality with photographs.

    3. his constant tension between photography and reality – a slippery relationship at once straightforward and enigmatic – can be found at the extreme ends of the photographic spectrum: from modest snapshots emerging from a Brownie camera or cell phone to the most serious ȃartȄ photographs.

      A photo can be easily be edited and manipulated, which can cause a tension between photography and reality. Editing an image causes the look to become a skewed image of reality.

    1. we repeatedly encounter the power of media to transform the places in which they are used. This power is not a mere conceit of human audiencesDz animals and even plants respond to the presence of media in their environments (see lulka, this volume). Media transform a place from within, whether the place in šuestion is the nation-state, the neighborhood, or the home

      The presence of media keeps growing, and it has the ability to commercialize any space. Just like the media has the power to influence the thoughts of people, it also has the power to influence the meaning of a certain space or place.

    2. A third feature of Geography, the Media and Popular Culture was its attention to power, whether in the form of the power to produce cheap television programming (Gould and lyew-Ayee 1985), the power to define notions like risk and danger (liverman and sherman 1985Dz Burgess 1985), the power to articulate a particular structure of space and time (Brooker-Gross 1985), or more generally the power to propagate dominant ideologies. Power remains a central concern in media geography,

      The author is stating the knowledge of how much power the media has over its consumers. The media would not exist if it did not possess power over the viewer. the media takes advantage of the power it holds.

  12. Jul 2017
    1. Up-regulation of glycolysis is proposed to endow cancer cells withseveral selective advantages, in particular the incorporation ofnutrients into biomass to sustain high rates of proliferation (2,3). Deregulation of certain cancer-related genes has been linkedto the acquisition of the glycolytic phenotype (4). The phospha-tase and tensin homolog, PTEN,2is a tumor suppressor mostwell known for its ability to oppose the PI3K/Akt signalingpathway through the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylino
    2. This has beentraditionally attributed to the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt sig-naling that results from PTEN loss. Here, we propose a novelmechanism whereby the loss of PTEN negatively affects theactivity of the E3 ligase APC/C-Cdh1, resulting in the stabiliza-tion of the enzyme PFKFB3 and increased synthesis of its prod-uct fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6P2)
    3. Unlike normal differentiated cells, tumor cells metabolizeglucose via glycolysis under aerobic conditions, a hallmark ofcancer known as the Warburg effect

      Question 1 or 2

    4. Our results suggest animportant role for F2,6P2in the metabolic reprogramming ofPTEN-deficient cells that has important consequences forcell proliferation.

      This is ultimately how cancer cells are then successful

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  13. Jun 2017
    1. a beat divided into 3 parts instead of two

      There was an interesting discussion between a scholar named Peter Espeut & Earl "Chinna" Smith about the beat of this song during the Jamaica Musical Passage Workshop (starting about 10:20 in the video below)

      https://youtu.be/o9_B23_gAoo

    2. Koromanti

      Scholars have long debated how to best interpret the meaning of African ethnic terms as used in the Caribbean and the Americas more broadly. One of our questions is whether these songs can actually give us a better understanding of what "Koromanti" meant as a term in seventeenth century Jamaica. How might we read back from the music? What does the fact that three songs that are so different are all called "Koromanti" signify about the term and its meaning at the time?

  14. May 2017
    1. La AMAI es la única asociación profesional en Latinoamérica enfocada al sector de inteligencia aplicada a negocios y asuntos sociales. Fundada en 1992, la AMAI surgió originalmente para ser el centro institucional de la comunidad mexicana de investigación de mercados, opinión y comunicación; ahora engloba a toda la industria de generación y transformación de datos para la toma de decisiones.

      ¿Qué es la AMAI?

  15. Apr 2017
    1. working to support solidarity and justice-based relationships​with Indigenous peoples
    1. was extremely saddened to read of his children’s recent exposure to measles due the Disneyland outbreak. To read about my journey leaving the anti-vaccination movement, click here.

      Italicized text framing the rest of the article. Editor comments about this being an anti vaccination article. Notes their emotional response (sad) to the phenomena in the article.

  16. Mar 2017
    1. Principle 1—Problem-centered: Learning ispromoted when learners are engaged in solvingreal-world problems.

      In my experience, this is a very powerful principle for learning.It can provide many variables that are not present in traditional learning environments:

                   * Authentic context
                   * Complex problems  
                   * Real stakeholders
                   * Authentic feedback from real stakeholders 
      

      Solving real-world problems can naturally lead to inter-disciplinary work and high levels of motivation if the student is allowed to pick a real world problem that is important for them.

  17. Jan 2017
    1. I have said to you that I would eliminate the liquor agents in this state and that the money saved would be returned to our citizens . . . I am happy to report to you that I am now filling orders for several hundred one-way tickets and stamped on them are these words . . . "for liquor agents . . . destination: . . . out of Alabama." I am happy to report to you that the big-wheeling cocktail-party boys have gotten the word that their free whiskey and boat rides are over . . . that the farmer in the field, the worker in the factory, the businessman in his office, the housewife in her home, have decided that the money can be better spent to help our children's education and our older citizens . . . and they have put a man in office to see that it is done. It shall be done. Let me say one more time . . . . no more liquor drinking in your governor's mansion.

      This hearkens so much to current day - everyone's focused on jobs and politicians are using weird backward economic logic to further their own unreasonable beliefs. We can look back now and say prohibition really was not that great for the economy, or the poor and working class, but that wasn't even on anyone's radar.

    1. Forgot your user ID or password?

      This goes through a secure process to retrieve someones user ID and/or password

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  18. Dec 2016
  19. Nov 2016
    1. Now, Perry said he wants people to respect his son and the sacrifice he made, and called out President-elect Donald Trump for his comments about the Khan family. “One example would be Donald Trump speaking badly about a Gold Star family, who I now am, but it also bothers me that people don’t want to talk about the terrorism that killed my kid,” he told CBS. “My kid was over there to help put a stop to this garbage, and he died.”

      Father called out Trump, cited Khan incident.

      The soldier:

  20. Oct 2016
    1. space exploration is important

      Its not only important for our curiosity but for the future of mankind too. It inspires people to be scientists, astronauts,and engineers that will even further help the space program. Nasa also does a lot of environmentally friendly projects even though they burn a lot of rocket fuel. They also study a lot of how to help the earth out from energy usage to climate change. Nasa also improves our daily lives with many objects they have created such as baby formulas, cell phone cameras, shoe insoles, and memory foam. Not only does he space program help on earth and beyond it, it also helps us put ourselves and the universe in perspective.

    1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA

      This is a stakeholder because they are from the medical perspective of topic of conversion therapy. They are a organization that deals with mental health especially for youth. They are reliable with the information that they have because they are close to the field that is being observed for this research. Many of the people apart of this organization are doctors, social workers, etc. This is relevant to the current topic of the affects of conversion therapy because they are educated in the mental health category and have been apart of helping the individuals for years.

    2. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Ending Conversion Therapy: Supporting and Affirming LGBTQ Youth. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 15-4928. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2015.

      This is the citation in MLA format.

    3. SAMHSA

      There is no cited author of this article; however, it seems to be someone associated with the SAMHSA organization, which is an organization that is for the mental health of lgbt+ youth. This article seems to appear in a pamphlet format, which is often displayed in doctor offices , in order to inform patients. If this is the case, then this may be seen by multiple kinds of people, including parents and the lgbt+ youth.

    4. Sexual orientation is a multidimensional construct that consists of sexual identity, sexual and romantic attraction, and sexual behavior. Great shifts in the understanding of sexual orientation have occurred over the past century (Herek, 2010). Though a minority sexual orientation was once considered abnormal or a medical problem, scientists now understand that sexuality occurs on a continuum and variations in sexual orientation are part of the normal range of human sexuality (American Psychological Association, 2009; Diamond, 2015; Vrangalova & Savin-Williams, 2012).

      Throughout this article, the author uses research based evidence. Although, they never use quotes about other's opinions, they do paraphrase with the citations of where the information is derived from. The evidence always seems to support the idea that conversion therapy is harmful and does not seem to go into the other side's perspective, but the information is reliable and recent.

    5. These individuals included researchers and practitioners in child and adolescent mental health with a strong background in gender development, gender identity, and sexual orientation in children and adolescents. The panel also included experts with a background in family therapy, ethics, and the psychology of religion. Among others, the panel included:

      The author includes a list of individuals who contributed to the panel, which consists mostly of professionals with multiple different backgrounds. This is done to establish more ethos throughout the article.

    6. Through the support of the Federal Agencies Project, APA hosted an expert consensus convening on this topic in July 2015, which significantly informed this report.

      The SAMHSA group establishes ethos through explaining that they collaborated with another organization called the Federal Agencies Project. This shows that they are credible, since it is not just the idea of one professional organization to end conversion therapy. There are multiple groups and organizations around the United States that have input on the situation. Although, this establishes credibility, it could also be believed that the author of this article only seeked out the opinion of another organization that already believed that this is a harmful therapy. This could show bias toward the idea that conversion therapy is harmful, since they do not seem to include much information about why the other side believes that it is not a harmful technique.

    7. comprehensive evaluation, support in identity exploration and development without an a priori goal of any particular gender identity or expression, and facilitation of family and community support

      The author of this article realizes that therapies that try to change the identity of the youth are harmful and should under no circumstance be used to 'treat' their lgbt+ identities. This kind of conversion therapy is not a treatment, instead it hurts the person who is forced into it, especially if they are mostly sure that they are not heterosexual, but this is a discovery that the child has to make on their own. []http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/sites/default/files/files/styles/large/public/field/image/conversion%203.jpg This is a picture that relates to the standpoint of the author of this article. The picture is from a protest on conversion therapy because it is harmful for those involved. It is relevant because it is becoming more known by ordinary people (not doctors) that this kind of therapy is not helping the lgbt+ youth.

    8. These psychosocial issues are likely related to if not caused by negative social attitudes or rejection (Vance, Ehrensaft, & Rosenthal, 2014). As with sexual minority adolescents, other issues of clinical relevance for gender minority adolescents include increased risk of experiencing victimization and violence, suicidal ideation and attempts, and homelessness

      Moving forward in my research I would like to explore more of these symptoms that lgbt+ youth often have after the rejection of their identities. I believe this would be an interesting way to see what kind of emotions this kind of rejection leads to for many youth. For instance, do many youth who are rejected based on their lgbt+ identities feel shame, want to commit suicide, etc.?

    9. Children are rarely if ever distressed about their current or future sexual orientation; more commonly, parents and guardians are distressed about a child’s perceived current or future sexual orientation and seek the assistance of behavioral health providers

      Children need to feel a sense of security and confidence when it comes to learning about themselves; however, this is deeply influenced by the people around them. If someone 'comes out' at a young age or during puberty they often are met with multiple challenges, especially from the people they hold the closest. Many children do not know how their parents may take the news that they currently identify with the lgbt+ community. They long for validation and acceptance and are afraid of rejection, especially from their parents. Often, when a child has more conservative parents on the lgbt+ views, they are often afraid of what will happen to them when they decide to disclose the information of their possible sexuality. For instance, many of these children are afraid to be left on their own or kicked out because of their sexualities. Many years ago, I knew a boy who was older then I was, who grew up with a Catholic background. When he was open about it to his parents after years of struggling with finding his identity, he was met with rejection and acceptance. His mother could not accept that her son was gay and did not know how to handle the information in a positive manner, which caused a rift in their relationship. However, his father was completely accepting and never treated him differently for something he could not change.

    10. Sexuality occurs across a continuum; same-gender attraction and relationships are normal variations of human sexuality (Diamond, 2015; Vrangalova & Savin-Williams, 2012). Similarly, a gender identity that is incongruent with assigned sex at birth, as well as a gender expression that diverges from stereotypical cultural norms for a particular gender, are normal variations of human gender

      SAMHSA is trying to explain that sexuality varies in human beings and is a perfectly natural attraction. The audience is most likely toward parents who do not know how to handle their feelings about their child being lgbt+, more specifically a parent who may be more conservative about their views. For instance, families with strict religious backgrounds have a tendency to believe that homosexuality is a sin. In order for the author of this article to continue with how a parent or guardian should handle these negative feelings toward their child for not being heterosexual, they use the word "normal" to validate the youths' sexualities.

    11. SAMHSA is committed to eliminating health disparities facing vulnerable communities, including sexual and gender minority communities.

      The claim in this journal is placed in the summary and argues that lgbt+ youths experience multiple different issues in the mental health category, which is where SAMHSA comes in to exclaim the negative effects on the child that often occur when a family acts in a negative fashion to their child's sexual identity and/or gender identity. Ultimately their goal is to create a more positive environment for these youths, especially through getting the conversion therapy thoughts out of a parent's or guardian's head before it causes more damage to the lgbt+ child.

    1. definitions.

      As a general comment on this article, I'm left wanting more, but this is a good article to get me started off. This piece gives me some background information and a bit more direction in terms of what I'm researching. I may just use this source for back up in the future, as opposed to using it as the main support of an argument.

    2. More specifically, black men were often assumed to be the rapists of white women and immigrant men were overwhelmingly stereotyped as the deviant homosexual seducers of young boys.

      Even when many white men were accused of such acts, for some reason, the white men are deemed innocent while the scapegoats become stereotypes of their race.

    3. Of course, white men who committed rape were cast as exceptions to their racial group, whereas black men accused of rape were seen as representatives of theirs.

      This is a poignant assertion. Non-whites (and their actions) are usually seen as a representative of their larger group, whereas whites are given the benefit of being considered as an individual. For example, if a black man robs a store, that group (either African Americans as a whole, or African American men) is assumed to have the tendency to rob; whereas if a white man robs a store, he is seen as the outlier, the exception to the rule.

    4. REVIEW OF: Redefining Rape: Sexual Violence in the Era of Suffrage and Segregation

      Martinez, Amanda R. "REVIEW OF: Redefining Rape: Sexual Violence in the Era of Suffrage and Segregation." The Journal of Race and Policy 10.1 (2014): 111-15. Ethnic NewsWatch [ProQuest]. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.

      The author of this review, Amanda R. Martinez, is an assistant professor in communication studies, sociology, and gender & sexuality studies at Davidson College in North Carolina. This review is posted in The Journal of Race and Policy.

    5. Redefining Rape is exhaustive in covering the intersectionalities across hundreds of years that inevitably reflect societal tensions, amply supported with detailed legal cases and recounted stories at the community, state, and national scopes. Those interested in gender studies, women's issues and history, LGBTQ human rights issues, social psychology, sociology, and communication studies would particularly enjoy this comprehensive work on socially constructed and ever-changing rape definitions.

      Martinez's claim is that "Redefining Rape" by Freedmen is an important read that chronicles the history of rape and how it intertwines with race and gender relations in the United States.

    6. At the outset, Freedman draws upon historical data to describe the foundational political history of rape

      The author of the original piece being reviewed ("Redefining Rape" by Estelle B. Freedmen) includes context in how rape and sexual assault have been addressed over the course of history. She addresses cultural response to rape and accusations of such beginning in the 1600s and working toward the present.

    7. white males are privileged and entitled to act upon their sexual impulses, so much so that white men's privilege was granted automatic social protection in many cases. Furthermore, men outside the bounds of white privilege were often cast as sexual deviants, even when evidence pointed to the strong likelihood of a white male rapist.

      I would consider referencing or quoting highlighted portion to show that it is nothing new for white men to be excused for their wrongdoings and, in turn, for non-whites to be accused and then stereotyped for such crimes.

    1. Moreover, we must avoid the temptation to further sacrifice Earth’s already hugely depleted biodiversity for easy gains in food production, not only because biodiversity provides many of the public goods on which mankind relies but also because we do not have the right to deprive future generations of its economic and cultural benefits. Together, these challenges amount to a perfect storm.

      I think the "they" the authors' are addressing in this article are people are unaware or in denial of the urgency of this situation.

    2. Efforts to increase sustainable production limits that benefit the poorest nations will need to be based around new alliances of businesses, civil society organizations, and governments.

      Unlike one company making all of the decisions, we need multiple organizations working together to keep the interests of the people and the environment in mind.

    3. Because genetic modification involves germline modification of an organism and its introduction to the environment and food chain, a number of particular environmental and food safety issues need to be assessed

      The authors' appear to be doing a good job of leaving their biases out of this article. They evenly present to pros and cons of the situation and offer solutions but also explain the drawbacks.

    4. We also accept the need for this technology to gain greater public acceptance and trust before it can be considered as one among a set of technologies that may contribute to improved global food security.

      They say "we" as though they have a dog in this fight with the universal acceptance of GMOs.

    5. Just as seriously, it also led to a virtual monopoly of GM traits in some parts of the world, by a restricted number of companies, which limits innovation and investment in the technology.

      This goes right back to my current research question. Monopolies in the food industry, especially in the agrichemical business delete competition and innovation leaving the consumers' interests behind.

    6. and a switch from public to private sources

      Is it dangerous that we are switching from a public to a private source? Do these private sources have the consumers' best interest in mind?

    7. Currently, the major commercialized genetically modified (GM) crops involve relatively simple manipulations, such as the insertion of a gene for herbicide resistance or another for a pest-insect toxin.

      Genetically modifying foods can make them resistant to certain toxins which are sprayed on the foods. To do this they insert a gene to make these plants resistant - do we know where these genes come from and if they're safe?

    8. conventional breeding to develop F1 hybrid varieties of maize and semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties of wheat and rice. These varieties could be provided with more irrigation and fertilizer (20) without the risk of major crop losses due to lodging (falling over) or severe rust epidemics.

      Conventional breeding of selected traits could increase yield and limit crop losses.

    9. In this article, major strategies for contributing to the challenge of feeding 9 billion people, including the most disadvantaged, are explored. Particular emphasis is given to sustainability, as well as to the combined role of the natural and social sciences in analyzing and addressing the challenge

      This is basically the thesis for this article.

    10. n recent decades, agricultural land that was formerly productive has been lost to urbanization and other human uses, as well as to desertification, salinization, soil erosion, and other consequences of unsustainable land management (16). Further losses, which may be exacerbated by climate change, are likely

      All the ways that humans formerly increased food production are becoming less available as it is destroying our ecosystems. Therefore other solutions must be found.

    11. A threefold challenge now faces the world (9): Match the rapidly changing demand for food from a larger and more affluent population to its supply; do so in ways that are environmentally and socially sustainable; and ensure that the world’s poorest people are no longer hungry.

      The authors' claim is that the way we are producing food now is not sustainable and there needs to be a new way to get food to the masses without further damaging our environment.

    12. Science  12 Feb 2010:Vol. 327, Issue 5967, pp. 812-818DOI: 10.1126/science.1185383

      American Association for the Advancement of Science is the world's largest general scientific society. It publishes five respected peer reviewed journals.

    13. H. Charles J. Godfray1,

      http://www.futureoffood.ox.ac.uk/people/charles-godfray

      Godfray has a lot of experience and including nine other authors this article most likely has a lot of relevant information.

    14. Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People
      Godfray, H. C. J., J. R. Beddington, I. R. Crute, L. Haddad, D. Lawrence, J. F. Muir, J. Pretty, S. Robinson, S. M. Thomas, and C. Toulmin. "Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People." Science 327.5967 (2010): 812-18. AAAS. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.
      

      The article is already setting the tone that it will be exploring the ways for the majority of people to get fed with the skyrocketing population.

    1. President Obama's plan to restrict drilling in the Arctic has hit a nerve in Alaska.

      why they are mad

    2. "Our fiscal situation is that we’re in a $3.5 billion deficit this year.

      bill walker says one economy of alaska

    3. You know, over half the conservation land in America is in Alaska, so we have more set aside in Alaska than the entire rest of the country combined, and we’re trying to make a living here, we’re trying to live here, we’re trying to have an economy here, and we’re doing it environmentally responsibly.

      bill walker

    4. "I’m not going to allow geopolitics to be resolved on the backs of Alaskans.

      bill walker

    5. It’s an area that we certainly want to protect, we will protect, but my goodness, you know, the area we want to explore is equivalent to a quarter, a 25 cent piece, on a football field.

      bill walker

    6. All the arguments that I’m hearing now are identical to arguments I heard then, it just hasn't proved out to be the case.

      Bill walker

  21. download.springer.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048 download.springer.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048
    1. Another challenging issue regards the decreased effi-ciency of iPSCs compared with ESCs according to some reports, which raisesadditional questions about the differentiation potential of iPSCs [95]. Directconversion of one cell type to another one, or ‘‘transdifferentiation’’, is anotherapproach that may help researchers clearly understand cellular plasticity and itsapplication in regenerative and personalized medicine.

      Ali Seifinejad is the author of this chapter and he speaks on the authority of Springer Science+Business Media which is a large publishing company. Seifinejad makes a lot of claims throughout this chapter, however, I think that this concluding paragraph is the most important. In the passage I have selected, he outlines the fact that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not yet proven to be as important as effective as Embryonic Stem Cells(ESCs). This claim and conversation is a response to the current debate in the science community over the ethical dilemma of using ESCs. Their goal is to inform us of the most recent research done in stem cells. IPSCs are typically reprogrammed to stem cells via a virus, a protein or mRNA, or other "small molecules" such as microRNA (miRNA). The mechanisms by which they are reprogrammed are complex and irrelevant for this paper. The point I would like to make and will be used much in my argument, is the effectiveness of each technique and the possible consequences or impacts of each. That being said, in the case of using a virus is difficult to ensure that the virus' can be found in the cells genome, or genetic code, after reprograming. This could be problematic for many reasons but for the most part its effects are unknown. When using small molecules and mRNA or proteins they are able to reprogram the cells and "Eliminate the Application of Exogenous Reprogramming Transcription Factors." This basically means that they can ensure that the reprograming mechanism is coming from the intended reprograming agent. Their goal with small molecules is to use them to reprogram cells and do it without using any genetic materials because genetic materials could effect the iPSCs genetic material. They have been able to generate partially reprogrammed cells using small molecules and their goal is to eventually be able to completely reprogram the cell. Proteins and mRNA are also another possible way to reprogram cells. It is hoped that they can find a way to use these to reprogram them in a pure way and with minimal steps, compared to past experiments that have created them in very complex processes. Seifinejad uses citations of credible sources to support all of his evidence. This article is meant to be informational more than anything and does a great job in doing so. He informs us of all of the most recent research and findings with stem cells and says what their goal is with each method of reprograming somatic stem cells. He leaves it to us to interpret whether the findings are promising and could lead to iPSCs being as or more useful than ESCs. Lastly, this book was published in 2012 so some of the findings and studies could be outdated.

      Baharvand, Hossein, and Nasser Aghdami. Advances in Stem Cell Research. New York: Humana, 2012. Print.

      External sources used to interpret article: Murnaghan, Ian. "Pluripotent Stem Cells." Pluripotent Stem Cells. N.p., 12 Feb. 2016. Web. 10 Oct. 2016.

    1. We examined how loneliness relates to social anxiety, paranoia, and depression symptoms ina general community sample aged 18–87 years old (N1,010). We administered online measures over3 time points across a 6-month period.

      Throughout this article the authors remained unbiased and kept their main focus on their data and information retrieved on loneliness and its relationship with anxiety,depression and paranoia. They stick to their facts and remain straightforward with their audience.They continue to build logos, which becomes their main source of credibility.

    2. A total of 1,010 individuals aged between 18 and 87 years oldfrom a community sample in the United States completed the studyonline. Participants were recruited via a university medical re-search volunteer registry based in a Midwestern city in the UnitedStates. Although the volunteer registry database is located in onecity, the database registered people from different parts of thecountry (including both rural and urban areas). However, most ofthe volunteers reside within the same state as the medical school.Participants were asked to complete the study up to three timesacross a period of 18–24 weeks. Thus, participation lasted up to 6months

      To back up there statements they perform an experiment to show how loneliness is linked with paranoia and anxiety. Their method is another way that they provide logos to the audience and appear credible. Giving an elaborate explanation makes it easy for the audience to understand.

    3. On the basis of the existing studies previously reviewedhere, we expected that loneliness at an earlier time will predicthigher levels of social anxiety, paranoia, and depression at a latertime.

      With depression being one of the most common mental health issues in todays society, this is a reason why we should raise awareness. We often recognize depression but we do not recognize the heart of the issue which is, loneliness.

    4. Therefore, it is plausible that the presence of thesesymptoms may hinder the ability to connect with others in ameaningful way, hence leading to higher levels of loneliness

      With loneliness being extremely linked to social anxiety we could easily raise the awareness of loneliness while informing those with social anxiety. Since the two are linked together, both can be talked about in reference to each other. Those diagnosed with social anxiety should be aware that they are more prone to loneliness.

    5. This article was published Online First April 28, 2016.

      Lim, Michelle H., Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Michael J. Zyphur, and John F. M. Gleeson. "Loneliness Over Time: The Crucial Role of Social Anxiety." Ebsco Host. N.p., 28 April 2016. Web. 8 Oct. 2016.

    6. loneliness was associated with all mentaldisorders, but most strongly with social anxiety disorder

      This is when the authors present their claim. They state that although loneliness is common among people with mental disorders it is much more common to people with anxiety. They follow this statement with statistics furthering their logos.

    7. Michelle H. Lim and Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Department of Psychology,Washington University in St. Louis; Michael J. Zyphur, Department ofManagement and Marketing, University of Melbourne; John F. M.Gleeson, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University.Michelle H. Lim is now at Brain and Psychological Sciences Centre,Swinburne University of Technology.Grant funding awarded to Michelle H. Lim & John F. M. Gleeson fromAustralian Catholic University

      In the beginning of the article we are given the authority on which they speak on. They appeal to the audiences logos by not only giving information on their university background but also following those statements with accomplishments and where they have ended up. These statements expanded their credibility.

    1. Libertarian vice presidential nominee Bill Weld said Wednesday his decision to focus on attacking Donald Trump ahead of Election Day is "the way to win."

      The author of this article is journalist Eli Watkins. He writes for CNN news, a non-scholarly cable news net work. His main focus of the article is vice president nominee Bill Weld and his strategy to win the debate. One of Watkins' coworkers Jake Tapper spoke with Weld and discovered his strategy. Watkins makes Weld’s claim very clear by the title and the first sentence of the article. Weld believes that the way to win is to focus on attacking Donald Trump. Weld believes that he needs to peel off Republican votes from Trump. This article also clearly answers my question of “why is it so common for opponents to attack each other during debates?”. Opponents believe that attacking each other is the key to winning an election. Those who would disagree with Weld would say that to win the election you must be a good candidate. Making the opponent look bad does not always look good on your part. Watkins’ credibility is in high standings due to his coworker having a personal encounter with Weld, instead of taking something her heard off the media. Weld verbally said that his way to win is to attack Trump to Tapper and CNN. This is also a recent article that was updated on October 5th. Watkins’ article would appeal to a Democratic audience. People that are voting Hilary Clinton and Bill Weld want to hear what they have to say. This will appeal to them because there is nothing more that want to hear than finding out their preferred candidate won. They will want to know how to get their side to victory. CNN is a know liberal news source which is a bias because they are writing about the libertarian vice president. They could very well be reporting on this because it is their beliefs instead of trying to be a mediator.

  22. Aug 2016
  23. inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
    1. CBRI Is the Dominant Racial Ideology

      Yes! They are addressing where this ideology in itself is an issue.

    2. HelenNeville and her colleagues interviewed over 30 raciallydiverse college students about their beliefs about raceand racism

      Neville conducted research in order to prove her ideas. This is important because without such research, her ideas could be considered subjective. Without evidence, there would be no valid argument.

    3. evading power, including the denial,minimization, and/or distortion of (a) blatant forms ofracism (e.g., “Racism is a thing of the past and is no longera problem today”), (b) institutional racism (e.g., “Certainpolicies and practices unfairly benefit racial and ethnicminorities”), and (c) racial privilege (e.g., “White peopledo not have certain advantages because of the color of theirskin”).

      This supports that claim that CBRI perpetuate racism because, though it may not be intended in all instances, they minimize the harmful effects of racial ideologies that have been instilled within different societies by completely ignoring them. Within the United States and outside of the United States, slavery existed. Slavery promoted the idea of white superiority by taking claim and owning members of perceived inferior races and treating them poorly to say the least on the basis of skin color alone (despite "biological evidence" which was later to be found as false). Members of the perceived inferior races experienced prejudice for decades after. The effects of slavery and those ideologies did not fade but simply redirected themselves into different systems such as the criminal justice system. The unfortunate truth is that race is a social construct based on subjective ideas and when analyzing a topic such as this, some may consider these to be subjective as well with subjective correlations.

    4. Elements of CBRI inpeople of color

      I appreciate that this was included. As a person of color, sometimes the idea that one who identifies with the marginalized group is not affected by CBRI is a false notion.

    5. The harmful effects of a color-evasion approach arealso evident among young children.Apfelbaum and col-leagues (2010)exposed elementary school children

      STAKEHOLDER. Though other stakeholders have been introduce, this one in particular uses pathos. Children are innocent and we as adults have the duty to teach them correctly and correct any teachings that are harmful. By showing that children can be harmfully affected by CBRI, it creates more stakeholders including teachers and parents since they are responsible for them no matter whether they identify a part of the marginalized group.

    6. e argue that it is unrealistic and even harmful todisregard another’s race or to not see color in a society thatis as racially stratified as the United States.

      Here they expand on their claim and are firm in their views.

    7. of potential racial differencesby emphasizing sameness

      Definitions are important. It creates clarity for the reader and (surprise) MORE credibility for the authors.

    8. In this article, we propose a CBRI framework to helpsynthesize the divergent perspectives in the literature. Indefining CBRI, we argue that racial color-blindness isunattainable, reinforces racial prejudices and/or inequality,and is actually an expression of ultramodern notions ofracism among White Americans and of internalized racismor the adoption of negative racial stereotypes among peopleof color

      This is their claim. Color-Blind Racial Ideologies perpetuate racism and inequality by not acknowledging the "elephant in the room" of race. To be completely oblivious to race is impossible with European colonialism across the world.

    9. In the 1990s, the American Psychological As-sociation (APA; 1997) published a pamphlet answering thequestion:Can— or Should—America Be Color-Blind?Us-ing research from social psychology, APA uncovered fal-lacies in individual and collective color-blind approaches toracism and thus concluded in the pamphlet, “Despite soci-ety’s best attempts to ignore race, the research indicatesthat race does matter” (p. 7).

      Once again, further adding to the credibility and this time to the publication of the essay by citing it. However, this is a place to be very careful as not to suggest bias and lack of well roundedness of sources and perspectives from multiple publications which they have an abundance of.

    10. Helen A. NevilleUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignGermine H. AwadUniversity of Texas at AustinJames E. Brooks and Michelle P. FloresUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignJamie BluemelChicago School of Professional Psycholog

      Each of the authors have their PhD in psychology. They are well-versed and studied in the areas and have the authority to teach on this topic. It is important to note the significance of these professors from different universities collaborating on this essay. In addition, it is important to note the publication and its national recognition.

    11. Psychology has a rich history of research designed tounderstand and describe the changing expressions of racialbeliefs,

      Great. Here they are establishing ethos/credibility to themselves by acknowledging the significance of psychology, which they all received their degrees in, as it pertains to this particular topic.

    12. Color-Blind Racial Ideology

      Neville, Helen et. al. "Color-Blind Racial Ideology: Theory, Training, and Measurement Implications in Psychology." American Psychological Association, Vol. 68, No. 6, Sept. 2013, pp. 455-466. Web. 8 Aug 2016.

    1. affect the entire economy,

      This can be used as an example for why everyone should care about the drought.

    2. produce costlier crops like almonds and pistachios – mostly imported to China and elsewhere – to make up for production cutbacks. Those two crops require 35 times the water compared to the traditional vegetables.

      Are the farmers causing more problems by trying to make up for production costs?

    3. As aquifers are depleted, farmers are drilling deeper and deeper for water. In some places, the drilling is pulling up water that last saw sunlight during the Ice Age.

      The farmers must have water in order to provide food to the country, but drinking water is needed as well. What will happen when even the deepest groundwater is removed?

    4. one bridge now sits below the water line.

      The sinking is affecting the infrastructure of the state. How could this, in combination with natural disasters, continue to have a negative impact on the infrastructure.

    5. between May 2014 and January 2015 the ground sank up to 2 inches per month.

      This relates back to the sinking of 45 feet previously noted.

    1. This study began by asking whether the minority party has any electoral incentive to act responsibly in Congress. The short answer is: yes. Americans do hold meaningfully different evaluations of each party’s performance in Congress. To a significant degree, these evaluations are formed on the basis of criteria logically related to legislative performance. In turn, Americans use the evaluations of both parties when casting their votes in House elections. Importantly, the electoral impact of minority party performance ratings appears to be just as large, on average, as the impact of majority party performance ratings.

      I can use this in my paper as a counter argument against my own. He is arguing that, with the current two party system in America, both parties are held accountable for their actions, therefore the two party system is a fair way of electing politicians.

    2. On its face, these findings would appear to support the one-party model of accountability for Congress. Specifically, they are consistent with a story in which everything a citizen learns or feels about Congress is automatically associated with a single party: the majority. But while it may be true that Americans closely associate approval of Congress with approval of the majority party, this does not rule out the possibility that Americans also evaluate the performance of the minority party in Congress and use that evaluation when voting. No existing studies offer or test this alternative hypothesis.

      In this section, Jones brings up specific, credible research that backs up the one party model. He adds that although these findings are legitimate given the assumptions they make, he argues that different research needs to be done to account for Americans that take the minority party into consideration when voting. Once again, his mention of a legitimate study from the opposing side serves to strengthen his credibility.

    3. In particular, the frequent occurrence of divided government, as well as occasional friction between a president and his own party in Congress even during unified government, have necessitated additional theorizing about whether and how models of collective accountability should be more realistically adapted.

      In this section, Jones introduces the two primary theories of accountability that have been established, providing background on the subject for the reader. At the end of this section, he states the main issue with these theories, and adds that more research needs to be done in this area to account for the fact that there is often no single party in power.

    4. In both cases, the minority party appeared to believe that it could make the ruling party look bad by denying it bipartisan legislative victories, and that the public would respond at the polls by punishing the ruling party, not the minority. Also in both cases, the strategy seemed to pay dividends. The minority party experienced sweeping electoral successes two years later, regaining their majority status.

      Jones is providing reasonably strong evidence that supports one of the opposing view points. He provides one example from each party in recent history in which political gridlock seemingly led to the shift of power away from the current majority. This is a legitimate counterpoint and Jones' choice to include it in the beginning gives more validity to his argument later on in the article.

    5. Existing research suggests that to the extent that accountability for congressional performance occurs, it does so primarily through a referendum on the performance of the majority party. If true, this means that the minority party has no incentive to act responsibly, and may even have an incentive to polarize and obstruct.

      Here, Jones is entering into the conversation by introducing the primary point that he opposes in this article. The opposition argues that the American public evaluates Congress as a whole, and the majority party is often blamed for political gridlock. Jones disputes this immediately by arguing that American's do in fact take party performance into consideration when deciding who to vote for in elections.

    6. I argue that the ratings Americans give to each congressional party flow in part from the parties’ actual performances in Congress, reflecting factors such as policy stances, managerial effectiveness, and partisan tone. I also argue that when Americans cast ballots in elections, they take into account their evaluations of not only majority party performance, but also their separate evaluations of minority party performance. In this way, Americans hold both parties accountable for their respective performances.

      Here, Jones articulates his main point in the article. He is arguing that Americans hold both parties in Congress accountable for their actions and accomplishments as a party, and that voters take into account their evaluation of both political parties when deciding who to vote for in elections.

    7. Polity

      Polity is the journal of the Northeastern Political Science Association. This journal was established in 1968 and is one of the more widely known political science journals. They are considered to be a credible publication.

    8. David R Jones

      Jones is a professor at Baruch College who specializes in American politics. He has written multiple books on politics in America, and his research has been included in many scholarly journals including The American Journal of Political Science.

    9. A More Responsible Two-Party System? Accountability for Majority and Minority Party Performance in a Polarized Congress

      Jones, David R. "A More Responsible Two-Party System? Accountability for Majority and Minority Performance in a Polarized Congress". Polity, 18 Aug. 2014. Web. 01 Aug. 2016.

    10. In both cases, the minority party appeared to believe that it could make the ruling party look bad by denying it bipartisan legislative victories, and that the public would respond at the polls by punishing the ruling party, not the minority. Also in both cases, the strategy seemed to pay dividends. The minority party experienced sweeping electoral successes two years later, regaining their majority status.

      Here, Jones is providing reasonably strong evidence that supports one of the opposing view points. He provides one example from each party in recent history in which political gridlock seemingly led to the shift of power away from the current majority. This is a legitimate counterpoint and Jones' choice to include it in the beginning gives more validity to his argument later on in the article.

    11. Existing research suggests that to the extent that accountability for congressional performance occurs, it does so primarily through a referendum on the performance of the majority party. If true, this means that the minority party has no incentive to act responsibly, and may even have an incentive to polarize and obstruct.

      Here, Jones is entering into the conversation by introducing the primary point that he opposes in this article. The opposition argues that the American public evaluates Congress as a whole, and the majority party is often blamed for political gridlock. Jones disputes this immediately by arguing that American's do in fact take party performance into consideration when deciding who to vote for in elections.

    12. Polity

      Polity is the journal of the Northeastern Political Science Association. This journal was established in 1968 and is one of the more widely known political science journals. They are considered to be a credible publication.

    13. David R Jones

      Jones is a professor at Baruch College who specializes in American politics. He has written multiple books on politics in America, and his research has been included in many scholarly journals including The American Journal of Political Science. http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/wsas/academics/political_science/djones.htm

    14. A More Responsible Two-Party System? Accountability for Majority and Minority Party Performance in a Polarized Congress

      Jones, David R. "A More Responsible Two-Party System? Accountability for Majority and Minority Performance in a Polarized Congress". Polity, 18 Aug. 2014. Web. 01 Aug. 2016.

    15. I argue that the ratings Americans give to each congressional party flow in part from the parties’ actual performances in Congress, reflecting factors such as policy stances, managerial effectiveness, and partisan tone. I also argue that when Americans cast ballots in elections, they take into account their evaluations of not only majority party performance, but also their separate evaluations of minority party performance. In this way, Americans hold both parties accountable for their respective performances.

      Here, Jones articulates his main point in the article. He is arguing that Americans hold both parties in Congress accountable for their actions and accomplishments as a party, and that voters take into account their evaluation of both political parties when deciding who to vote for in elections.

  24. Jul 2016
    1. As the population exploded and farming acreage increased, the land collapse accelerated – one area dropped nearly 40 inches between 2007 and 2010. And in just eight months leading up to February 2015, it sank another 13 inches.

      All thanks to the lack of ground water and available water from rivers and lakes.

    2. enough fresh water needs to be released to keep seawater from infiltrating the area

      New information to me. I always thought the salt water regulated itself through sea life.

    3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and conservative lawmakers, farmers and residents who accuse the agency of wasting millions of gallons of water to protect salmon and an endangered anchovy called the delta smelt

      Controversial use of water because many believe in protecting wildlife and endangered species while others are more concerned with their own survival. This raises the question of which is more important?

    4. Farmers use 40 percent of the state's water supply. Residential and commercial usage is 10 percent, and the rest is released into the waterways or used by the government.

      Farmers aren't even using half of the available water and they're the ones providing food to the nation. This can be used in an argument to support farmers.

    5. "Wealthy people don't care, they will find a way [to use water]," said Republican state Sen. Jim Nielsen, a lifelong farmer and farming advocate. "But it's not the urban use that's sucking the state dry, it's the farmers," he added sarcastically.

      This is an interesting quote. Often times the wealthy doesn't seem to notice serious problems until it is directly affecting them.

    6. second year of mandatory 25 percent water cuts.

      The once lush coast is now know for being brown.

    7. Lake Shasta

      Massive lake to small Grand Canyon thanks to the drought and need for water.

    8. infrastructure damage from the altitude drop; two million acres of dead farmland; disappearing wildlife; $2.7 billion in economic losses; 21,000 lost jobs; and rising food and utility costs.

      Problems of the drought that are affecting everyone economically, among other ways.

    9. urged to drill new wells – at a cost of $30,000 each. Portable showers have been installed at a local church and bottled drinking water is delivered. Emergency state funding has paid for delivery of 2,500-gallon water drums to residents' front yards for washing and bathing. It's been that way for two years.

      Where do we draw the line? Water is having to be trucked in to do even simple things like bath. This developed country is almost moving backward in time and advancements.

    10. the only way to do something about it is to stop drilling. Then it will keep sinking for a year or two even if it's stopped.

      Currently there are no other solutions to help the now sinking state.

    11. will produce floods as the water has nowhere to go

      The land is too dry and collapsing from mining, thus the water will not all soak in to the earth. This can lead to mudslides which are also devastating in a hilly state like California.

    12. It will take several years of rain to bring the state out of its crisis mode regardless of how many spring showers occur.

      Can a major storm like El Nino help speed up the process?

    13. Tori Richards

      Richards is a contributor for several news outlets such as US News, Fox News, and Bloomberg News. She lives in California, thus experiencing the drought first hand.

    14. sunk more than 45 feet since 1935 – something the U.S. government calls the "largest human alteration of the earth's surface."

      This can be used for why groundwater drilling is a bad thing.

    15. Water Woes Divide California into Haves, Have Nots

      Richards, Tony. “Water Woes Divide California into Haves, Have Nots.” U.S. News. 8 Apr. 2016. Web. 10 July 2016.

      Richards claim is in the subtitle of the article. He states that the decrease in water in California may cause a Dust Bowl. Throughout the piece, Richards also talks about the ongoing sinking of the state due to groundwater mining.

    1. Thirty kings and two minors have reigned in that distracted kingdom sincethe conquest, in which time there has been (including the revolution) no less than eight civil wars and nineteen Rebellions.

      The citation stated here is evidence that the continued rule on lineage has caused many a conflict over the years.

    2. avor of hereditary succession is,that itpreserves a nation from civil wars; and were this true, it would be weighty; whereasit is the most bare-faced falsity ever imposed upon mankind

      This is clearly the Assertion. Boldly stated is that heredity succession does not save from Civil Wars and it is foolish to believe so.

    1. How ISIS Spread in the Middle East And how to stop it

      Ignatius, David. "How ISIS Spread in the Middle East And how to stop it". The Atlantic.29 Oct. 2015. Web. 10 Jul. 2016.

      Ignatius claims that ISIS is not merely a terrorist group, but it's an anti-colonial organization with higher political motives aiming to restore an "Islamic caliphate" similar to the ottoman empire. And that the US failed foreign policies facilitated their insurgence and empowerment.

    1. At a time when the country is critically short of engineers, especially female ones, it’s heartening to see so many opportunities to inspire students with a love of science.

      Finally, Grady finishes her article with establishing another benefit to the mission that might get more people on board with funding NASA. She states that there is room for high end jobs, to help with unemployment. She also makes special mention that female engineers are wanted, that may appeal to the female demographics as well.

    2. It may not be as sexy as putting a man on the moon, but it’s something I believe we should care as deeply about.

      Grady does several things here. One of the main arguments against funding for NASA is that people do not see probes circling other planets of important. Sending Neil Armstrong to the Moon was impressive and exciting, but this wasn't. However, she stands as a voice for her field, and is attempting to show her audience that this is just as important of a mission.

    3. Since the Voyager missions, it has been known the Saturn-like ring around Jupiter is formed by sulphur dioxide released by volcanism on the moon Io. The planet’s magnetic field traps dust from Io and accelerates it, producing the intense radiation for which Jupiter is notorious.

      Grady mentions the Voyager missions. This shows that the mission is complementing previous mission information, showing the cost of the mission isn't just to tread old ground. By doing so, Grady is building a case that the money is truly being spent to gain and improve our information on the planet of Jupiter.

    4. The craft will go closer, for longer, than any other of Jupiter’s visitors and its colour camera, nicknamed the JunoCam, will snap close-ups of clouds and polar regions. While the on-board instruments will refine what little we know about its composition, which has higher amounts of sulphur, nitrogen and noble gases than expected from a planet basically formed from gases left-over after the sun’s creation.

      Grady is stating the importance of this mission. The reason this is important is because it covers one of the stakeholder positions that will be covered in my paper. It describes the valuable information that NASA and the space exploration community will gain from this mission. By explaining that the mission will give more information than any of the previous explorations to Jupiter so far, it is justifying why the cost of this mission is important. This will in turn show that funding towards space programs is being used responsibly and that the money is not being wasted on treading old ground.

    5. Not only did it have to withstand the planet’s intense radiation field, the £890 million probe also needed to survive intense turbulence and dodge space debris.

      Grady is now getting to the heart of the article. She writes very technically and factual from her on out. It is unbiased as there is no opinion being thrown in. She describes some of the many issues that surround the mission and how much money it has cost to get to the point it is today.

    6. It’s mission? To solve the mystery of what lies beneath the planet’s swirling storm clouds.

      She now brings the viewer back to the main purpose of the article; to talk about the Juno mission. She does so by expressly stating what the mission is.

    7. . Indeed, it sounds like the plot of a Hollywood sci-fi blockbuster – the craft even had the courtesy to arrive at Jupiter on Independence Day.

      Grady attempting to further connect with her audience, people interested and invested in space exploration, by talking about something other than the mission. she refers to Independence Day, a popular sci-fi action movie that also happens to refrence the day the real life mission of Juno became successful.

    8. It was a scene that made me smile. Back in November 2014, I experienced the same feeling of elation after robot probe Philae - a project I had worked with colleagues on for almost 20 years – finally landed on a comet, after detaching from the Rosetta satellite.

      Grady does several things with this statement. First, she adds to her credibility for reporting on this topic. By working on a mission similar to this one, she is showing that she has an insider's view on missions such as this, instead of being purely an outsider. She also establishes emotion into the article by going into more detail into the excitement that goes on within these missions, and how she had a genuine emotion to the announcement and reaction of the mission.

    9. the hardest thing Nasa has ever attempted. Little wonder, then, that the cheers of its jubilant scientists reverberated around the world, last week, as spacecraft Juno arrived in the Jovian system after an epic five year, 1.8 billion mile, journey.

      Grady starts the actual article by talking about just how impressive the Juno mission is in of itself. The fact that the success of the mission was an exciting announcement to the entire world speaks volumes as to how impressive this mission has become.

    10. Monica Grady, Professor of Planetary and Space Science at the Open University

      Article gives a brief biography of who the author is, and points to a leader in the field, showing a reputable and scholarly source. Open University is an accredited university that offers online schooling for European countries, verifying the author is in fact a professor.